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Biomedical subjects

B M O'Brien

Publications and source records attributed to B M O'Brien.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

An experimental study of the sleeve technique in microarterial anastomoses.

The patency rate of the technique of sleeve anastomosis was assessed in a series of femoral arterial repairs in the rabbit. It was found that the patency rate was significantly less than that achieved by the conventional end-to-end anastomosis. The minor advantage of speed of execution of the repair and the suppressed advantage of less luminal surface disruption and intraluminal suture exposure did not outweigh the overall lower patency rate as ascertained by direct exploration at varying times. These findings suggest that this type of sleeve anastomosis may not be of benefit in clinical situations.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The versatile latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap in breast and other reconstruction.

In this series of 35 clinical cases, the versatility of the latissimus dorsal flap is demonstrated. Whilst its width is limited to approximately 10 cm to gain primary closure, its length extends from the axilla almost to the iliac crest. If a larger area of soft tissue cover is required, muscle only may be used covered with a split skin graft. Its safe rapid dissection, reliable blood supply and wide arc of rotation makes it suitable for many of the reconstructive needs in the trunk, head and neck. Its large vascular pedicle makes it particularly suitable for free flap transfer. The commonest indication for use of the flap has been reconstruction of the breast following radical surgery. The secondary morbidity at the donor site is negligible.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effect of lymphangiography on lymphedema.

Lymphangiography, using oily radiopaque Lipiodol Ultra Fluid has been shown to increase lymphedema in one-third of the patients with obstructive lymphedema and to cause lymphatic obliteration (demonstrated histologically). No effective element has been observed, although subclinical infection could not be ruled out. Allergy is another possible contributor, but the evidence from this series suggests that Lipiodol may act as a direct irritant when it is not rapidly cleared, as in the case of obstructive lymphedema, and proceed to obliteration of the residual lymphatics. On the basis of these findings, elective routine preoperative lymphangiography for lymphedema is considered strongly inadvisable.

Female↗
PubMed1981

[Free microvascular epiphyseal transplantation: experimental study on the dog].

13 mongrel puppies underwent at the age of 3-5 months epiphyseal transplantations of the distal part of the ulna. Some of these transplantants were immediately revascularized by microsurgical anastomosis, others were left without anastomosis. Growth was followed by X-rays over a period of 6 months. Non-revascularized transplants showed minimal growth and were partially absorbed whereas revascularized transplants showed continuing growth, achieving 2/3 of normal growth of the control legs.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Free microvascular epiphyseal transplantation: an experimental study in dogs.

Orthopic and heterotopic microvascular epiphyseal transplants based on periosteal blood supply were performed in 2 experiments. Heterotopic transplants averaged 69 per cent of growth of non-operated control bones. Orthopic transplants achieved a better result but the number of dogs available for evaluation was too small to be conclusive. The question is raised whether additional blood supply to the epiphyseal side of the transplant could improve the results.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cross-facial nerve grafts and microneurovascular free muscle transfer for long established facial palsy.

Cross-facial nerve grafts followed in 4 to 12 months by microneurovascular free gracilis transplantation can produce adequate reconstruction in the lower two-thirds of a paralysed face. The mixed sensory and motor deep peroneal nerve and the small muscle bulk of the extensor digitorum brevis limit its usefulness in facial palsy. The gracilis has proved to be a much superior muscle. A feasible method for total reamination of unilateral facial palsy is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Perichondrial microvascular free transfer: an experimental study in rabbits.

Vascularised and non-vascularised perichondrial grafts from the rabbit's ears were transplanted to the lower abdominal wall and their cartilage formation compared. Similar results were found in both groups. Presence of blood and spontaneous revascularisation of non-vascularised grafts as well as self limitation of cartilage formation in immediately revascularised grafts seem to be the reason for these results.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effects of cooling on experimental free flap survival.

Cooling to 6-7 degrees significantly increases ischaemic tissue survival to 48 and, probably, 72 hours. Inflammatory changes develop in direct proportion to the duration of the cold ischaemia time. The skin and vessels within the flap appear to be minimally affected by cold ischaemia while fat and muscle demonstrate significant necrosis, inflammation and ultimate fibrosis. Very little, if any, muscle survives the ischaemic insult studied in this model.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Segmental microvenous graft to artery.

One hundred and five microvenous grafts were carried out during three periods of time. Forty-five were performed in 1971, 25 were performed in 1975 and 35 were performed in 1979. The rabbits weighed 2 to 2.5 kg and a standard technique was followed by inserting a 1 cm vein graft after creating a defect of 0.5 cm in the femoral artery, taking the graft from the femoral vein on the same side. Exploration was carried out from 1 to 21 weeks at weekly intervals. The patency rate in Series I (1971) was 71 per cent, whereas the patency rate in Series II (1975) was 96 per cent and in Series III (1979) was 100 per cent. The scanning electron microscope showed that in the short term there was no narrowing of the lumen, nor any microaneurysm formation as reported previously by Buchler and Buncke (1979).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Results of the use of autotransplantation of the intraabdominal testis using microsurgical vascular anastomosis.

This study indicates that where facilities are available, the use of autotransplantation of the intraabdominal testis with microsurgical anastomosis to vessels of the groin is an acceptable, and possibly the best, alternative to orchidectomy for the intraabdominal testis. It is certainly justifiable in the case of the bilateral intraabdominal testis but in the case of the unilateral intraabdominal testis with a normally descended and apparently normal testis in the opposite hemiscrotum, the incresed incidence of neoplasia in intraabdominal testes should be taken into account in the decision on the method of treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Thumb reconstruction with a free neurovascular wrap-around flap from the big toe.

Thumb reconstruction requires accurate functional and esthetic approximation to the original. Accepted methods generally have some deficiencies, particularly in appearance, and frequently the secondary morbidity is unacceptable. A method of thumb reconstruction with the use of an iliac crest bone graft and a free neurovascular "wrap-around" flap from the big toe is described that combines the attributes of previous methods without their secondary morbidity.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The surgical repair of amputations of the thumb.

Twenty-four thumb mutilations have been repaired by using either whole toe transfers or portions of the big toe for reconstruction. The hallux has many of the properties uniquely suitable for thumb reconstruction. Its total sacrifice, however, leaves a significant defect in the foot, and it is usually too big to look convincing as a thumb. Essential portions of it can be transferred without undue deformity in the foot, and these, in combination with an iliac crest bone graft, can be modelled into a most aesthetic and functional thumb.

Amputation, Traumatic↗
PubMed1980

The histopathology of microlymphaticovenous anastomosis.

Histopathological studies are described on 30 biopsy specimens of lymphaticovenous anastomoses ranging from two days to eight months following operation. Sixteen were patent and 14 were occluded. It was observed that in the non-patent specimens occlusion stemmed from the venous component. The prime determining factor in the success of the anastomosis was the achievement of correct apposition of the cut edges of the vessels, and this was directly dependent on the number and spacing of the sutures as well as the tension applied at their insertion. Correct apposition is more easily achieved with these delicate thin-walled vessels by better visualization afforded by the use of the operating microscope and appropriate instrumentation. The slow rate of repair in this situation is emphasized.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Replantation and revascularization of digits.

Between 1970 and 1978, 160 digits in 120 patients were replanted or revascularized. One hundred and nineteen digits survived, and these patients were assessed objectively and subjectively for functional results and their ability to return to work. Providing that strict indications are observed, long term objective and subjective results of digital replantation have proved most valuable from the point of view of the examiner and the patient. The best results were obtained with replantation of the thumb.

Adolescent↗