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Biomedical subjects

B Lund

Publications and source records attributed to B Lund.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Gene products specifying adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli are minor components of pili.

The papE, papF, and papG genes of uropathogenic Escherichia coli are dispensable for the synthesis and assembly of pili associated with pyelonephritis, called Pap pili. Phenotypically, papF and papG mediate digalactoside [alpha-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-Galp)-specific adhesion. Although whole bacterial cells of a papE mutant bind to this receptor, purified pili from such a mutant do not. This is in contrast to pili purified from the wild type, which bind specifically. The DNA sequences of the papE and papF genes are presented, together with the deduced primary structure of the gene products. Both proteins have most of the features characteristic of Escherichia coli type 1 and Pap pilins. The PapE protein can be detected in the purified wild-type pilus by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining or by autoradiography of gels to which radioiodinated pili have been applied. In rabbits immunized with purified Pap pili, antibodies specific for both PapE and PapF are produced. We propose that PapE and PapF are minor pilins in the Pap pilus.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1986

Effect of sunlight exposure on circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in hemodialyzed patients and of exogenous parathyroid hormone in anephric patients.

Sunshine exposure increased the serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) in 9 hemodialyzed patients. Mean 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) was unchanged, but in two patients with low initial 25-OHD values this increase was accompanied by a rise in circulating 1,25-(OH)2D, although not to normal levels. One hemodialyzed patient developed liver insufficiency with a resultant reduction of serum 25-OHD concentration accompanied by a decrease in serum 1,25-(OH)2D concentration. The results indicate that the circulating levels of 1,25-(OH)2D in patients with end-stage renal failure are to some extent regulated by the serum 25-OHD concentrations. Injection of parathyroid hormone (PTH) induced minor increases in serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D in patients with end-stage renal failure and even in anephric patients, suggesting the existence of an extrarenal PTH-sensitive 1-alpha-hydroxylase. However, the enzyme was stimulated by supraphysiological concentrations of PTH, and therefore not necessarily of importance in the normal regulation of calcium metabolism.

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1986

Pharmacokinetic profile of indoprofen in elderly subjects.

Multiple dosing four times daily for 7 days of indoprofen 200 mg, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with a short half-life (t1/2), revealed drug accumulation in eight elderly subjects. This indicates a substantially longer t1/2 (11 h) than that reported in young persons (3 h). A reduction in dose compared to younger subjects is recommended in elderly patients with osteoarthritis.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Food intake and nutritional status after gastrectomy.

Food intake and nutritional status was studied in 67 patients, who had had a gastrectomy 2-30 years earlier, and in a randomly selected, matched group of healthy persons. The gastrectomized patients weighed less than the control persons (women 56.4 +/- 9.5 vs 61.4 +/- 6.9 kg; P less than 0.05; men 72.4 +/- 12.5 vs 77.7 +/- 9.2 kg; P less than 0.02). Compared to the controls the gastrectomized women had a significantly lower fat-free mass (37.8 +/- 4.1 vs 40.7 +/- 4.3 kg; P less than 0.02), whereas the gastrectomized men had a lower fat mass (17.0 +/- 7.8 vs 21.2 +/- 6.0 kg; P less than 0.01). The serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase was raised and the concentration of calcium, phosphorus and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol reduced in the gastrectomized group. None of these results could be explained from the nutritional study as both the intake of energy and protein and the intake of calcium and vitamin D was about the same in the operated and the healthy controls. The serum concentration of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was significantly higher in the gastrectomized persons taking supplementary vitamin D (21.9 +/- 12.0 vs 11.7 +/- 6.5 ng/ml). A daily supplement of 10 micrograms of vitamin D secured normal serum values. As the serum level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol is correlated to the degree of osteomalacia, all gastrectomized patients should have at least 10 micrograms vitamin D as a supplement once a day.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1985

Bone mineral loss, bone histomorphometry and vitamin D metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term glucocorticoid treatment.

Long-term glucocorticoid treatment might interfere with the vitamin D metabolism. The serum concentrations of 25-OHD were significantly reduced whereas the circulating levels of 1,25-(OH)2D were normal in 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term treatment with small doses of prednisone. The bone mineral content of the forearm was significantly reduced, but the degree of bone loss did not correlate with duration of treatment or dose of prednisone given. Quantitative bone histomorphometry was performed in 18 patients. Apart from a significant correlation between serum 25-OHD and the fractional trabecular bone volume, no relationships were observed between bone histomorphometry and vitamin D metabolites or serum iPTH. The results indicate that the bone loss was due to a decreased osteoblastic activity rather than to an impaired vitamin D metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Changes in vitamin D metabolites and bone histology in rats during recovery from rickets.

The relative roles of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (24,25-(OH)2D) in bone mineralization are largely unknown. Young vitamin D depleted rats were fed increasing amounts of vitamin D and grouped radiologically in accordance with the rat line test. They ranged from severely rachitic to normal. Radiology was correlated with serum levels of 25-OHD, 1,25-(OH)2D, 24,25-(OH)2D, ionized calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, with bone histology, and with the total mineral content of the animals. Serum 1,25-(OH)2D rose in a linear fashion to supranormal values during bone healing and correlated with the radiological degree of rickets. Serum 25-OHD was below detection limit in the most rachitic and low in the radiologically normal rats, whereas 24,25-(OH)2D was low in all groups. These two metabolites showed no correlation with the radiologic, histologic or biochemical parameters. In rachitic rats, 1,25-(OH)2D appears to play a major role in bone healing and possibly exerts a direct effect on bone cells. It cannot be ruled out, however, that the effect is mediated through a rise in serum levels of calcium and phosphorus, although signs of bone healing were seen in the presence of a subnormal calcium X phosphorus product. Initiation of mineralization can take place with unmeasurable 25-OHD, and 24,25-(OH)2D seems to be without importance.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Differential expression of interferon genes in a substrain of Namalwa cells.

A substrain of Namalwa cells producing a high ratio of beta-interferon (IFN-beta) versus alpha-interferon (IFN-alpha) was investigated by constructing a cDNA library after induction with Sendai virus. The library was screened by two synthetic oligonucleotides, one specific for IFN-alpha and one complementary to both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. Rescreening the library with two full-length cDNAs encoding IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, respectively, revealed that the frequency of the IFN-alpha and IFN-beta clones reflected the activities of IFN-alpha and IFN-beta obtained by functional assays. On the cDNA level, the dominating species was identical with the type of IFN-alpha A or IFN-alpha 2; however, one new type of cDNA also was found that was similar to the previously described IFN-alpha C. Only one type of cDNA was found encoding IFN-beta, although several IFN-beta proteins have been detected in the analyzed cell line.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Globoside-specific adhesins of uropathogenic Escherichia coli are encoded by similar trans-complementable gene clusters.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli frequently express globoside-specific adhesins, shown to mediate binding to uroepithelial cells. For one gene cluster pap, it recently has been demonstrated that globoside binding is not dependent on expression of the pilus subunit gene papA. Instead, two other pap genes papF and papG are specifically required for globoside binding (F. P. Lindberg et al., EMBO J. 3:1167-1173, 1984). By restriction enzyme mapping, DNA hybridization, DNA sequencing, and protein expression in minicells, we show that three gene clusters encoding globoside binding have a very similar structure and gene organization, although they were cloned from different E. coli isolates. Major differences between the adhesin clones were restricted to the central part of the pilin gene (papA) and to one of the two adhesin gene (papG). The three functional units required for biogenesis of globoside-binding pili, i.e., pilin synthesis, pilin export, and pilin assembly, as well as expression of adhesion function, were all trans complementable among the gene clusters.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1985

Pericardial effusion in advanced ovarian carcinoma. A literature review and report of two cases.

The incidence of all categories of metastatic cancer to the heart is rising, as antineoplastic treatment results in longer survival. Malignant pericardial effusion in ovarian carcinoma has only been described at autopsy. In this report two cases of this condition diagnosed in vivo are presented, together with a review of the diagnosis and treatment of this complication of neoplastic disease.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

Rationale and design of cancer chemoprevention studies in Seattle.

Three cancer prevention trials are currently in their early phases at The Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, the University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, and the Swedish Hospital. All 3 studies are randomized and placebo controlled. One large-scale study involves the daily administration of retinoids to persons with asbestos-related lung disease in an attempt toward reduction of their high risk for bronchogenic carcinomas and mesotheliomas. A second study involves administration of the same agents to long-term heavy smokers; a substantial feasibility and toxicity pilot study will precede a full-scale prevention trial. In the third trial, folic acid administration is evaluated in relation to the progression and regression of cervical dysplasia among women with abnormal Pap smears. We report here the rationale and the design for these 3 studies.

Asbestosis↗
PubMed1984

Genes of pyelonephritogenic E. coli required for digalactoside-specific agglutination of human cells.

Most pyelonephritic Escherichia coli strains bind to digalactoside-containing glycolipids on uroepithelial cells. Purified Pap pili (pili associated with pyelonephritis) show the same binding specificity. A non-polar mutation early in the papA pilin gene abolishes formation of Pap pili but does not affect the degree of digalactoside-specific hemagglutination. Three novel pap genes, papE , papF and papG are defined in this report. The papF and papG gene products are both required for digalactoside-specific agglutination by whole bacteria cells as well as for agglutination by pilus preparations. Pili prepared from a papE mutant have lost their binding ability although whole cells from this mutant retain it, implying an adhesin anchoring role for the papE gene product. A mutant with lesions both in the papA and the papE genes does not mediate digalactoside-specific agglutination. The implications of this finding for pilus biogenesis are discussed.

DNA Restriction Enzymes↗
PubMed1984

A comparative study of protein synthesis in vitro by skeletal muscle ribosomes from livestock.

Skeletal muscle was dissected from the forelimbs of animals and stored at -80 degrees C. Protein synthesis activity was determined in cell-free systems. Incorporation of amino acids into protein was expressed per milligramme of ribosomal RNA, per gramme wet weight of skeletal muscle and per milligramme of DNA. Species related differences in activity were observed in skeletal muscle obtained from pig, horse, lamb, sheep, calf and young steer. Intraspecies differences were seen in cattle of different breeds. The protein composition of the muscle tissue showed quantitative differences between the species. Using biopsy specimens, the system could be used to monitor the protein nutrition status of animals and the production of animal proteins.

Animals↗