Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Luke

Publications and source records attributed to B Luke.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Intrauterine growth: correlations of maternal nutritional status and rate of gestational weight gain.

The influence of increasing pregravid weight and gestational rate of gain on birthweight, length, head circumference and complications was investigated. Each gravida was categorized by height and pregravid weight as underweight, normal, or obese. Birthweights, lengths, and head circumferences were evaluated as well as maternal and infant complications. Within each pregravid category and each rate gain group there was an increase in mean birthweight, length, and head circumference with advancing gain and pregravid weight. The incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) infants decreased and large for gestational age (LGA) infants increased with higher gain and pregravid weight. The incidence of antepartum anemia decreased with higher pregravid weight and gain (P less than 0.02). Higher pregravid weight and rate of gestational gain may help insure optimal intrauterine growth.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1981

Influence of smoking, weight gain, and pregravid weight for height on intrauterine growth.

Combined effects of pregravid weight, weight gain and smoking on birth weight, length, and head circumference was investigated in uncomplicated, term pregnancies. Each gravida was categorized by height and pregravid weight as underweight, normal, moderately overweight, or massively overweight. Weight gain was grouped: poor, low-normal, high-normal, and excessive. Women who smoked 10 to 20 cigarettes daily were studied. Women who did not smoke were used as controls. Birth weights, lengths, and head circumferences were evaluated. Within each pregravid category and each gain group there was nearly uniform incremental increase in mean birthweight with advancing weight gain in both smoking and nonsmoking women. Infants born to smoking women fell behind nonsmoking counterparts by an entire gain group regardless of the mother's pregravid classification. Similar trends were observed in length and head circumference, although not as pronounced. Encouragement of higher weight gains helps correct the growth retardation observed in infants born to women who smoke.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

Studies on the properties of a soluble phosphatidylinositol-phosphodiesterase of rabbit iris smooth muscle.

Some properties of the soluble phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase (monophosphatidylinositol inositolphosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.10) of rabbit iris smooth muscle are described. Studies on its subcellular distribution showed that in this tissue the phosphodiesterase is not exclusively cytosolic. Thus, under our experimental conditions about 58% of the enzyme activity was found in the soluble fraction and the remainder was particulate. When the latter was treated with deoxycholate about 59% of the enzyme activity, compared to 86% of that of ATPase, was still bound to the particulate fraction. The kinetic properties of the enzyme (30--50% (NH4)2SO4 fraction) were examined. Maximum breakdown was 7.7 mumol/h per mg protein and occurred at pH 5.6. The products of [14C]arachidonic acid-labelled phosphatidylinositol were 1,2-diacylglycerol and a mixture of 86% myoinositol 1-phosphate and 14% myoinositol 1,2-(cyclic)phosphate. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for Ca2+. Addition of Ba2+, La3+, Mg2+, Mn2+, EGTA or EDTA at 0.05--5 mM concentrations; Sr2+ at higher concentrations (greater than 0.25 mM) markedly inhibited the phosphodiesterase activity and this inhibition was completely reversed by Ca2+. The enzyme is specific for the phosphoinositides.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Intrauterine growth: correlation of infant birth weight and maternal postpartum weight.

The influence of increasing maternal "nutrient pool," as postpartum weight for height, on infant birth weight was investigated. Two hundred ninety-four uncomplicated, term pregnancies were studied. Each gravida was categorized by height and postpartum weight as underweight (group I, 70.0 to 119.9%), normal weight (group II, 120.0 to 159.9%), or overweight (group III, 160.0 to 209.9%). Within group I, mean infant birth weights increased 214 g with each 10% increase in maternal postpartum weight (correlation coefficient = +0.936). In group II, the same increase in maternal postpartum weight paralleled an increase of 41.9 g in infant birth weight (correlation coefficient = +0.467). In group III, a negative relationship was shown between increasing maternal postpartum weight and birth weight (correlation coefficient = -0.130). With each increase of 10% in maternal postpartum weight there was a decrease of 29.8 g in infant birth weight. Maternal metabolic needs must take preference over fetal requirements at the extremes of the maternal nutrient pool, resulting in some degree of intrauterine growth retardation. Only when the maternal nutrient pool is brought into the normal range (group II) can optimal intrauterine growth be realized.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1977

HLA and hereditary spherocytosis.

The HLA types of two families with hereditary spherocytosis (HS) suggest that the HS gene(s) may be linked with the HLA locus. If sustantiated by further family studies, this linkage would place HS on chromosome 6.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Point of diminishing returns: when does gestational weight gain cease benefiting birthweight and begin adding to maternal obesity?

This study is a reanalysis of the first scientific paper published by one of the authors, originally coauthored with Dr. Roy H. Petrie. In honor of Dr. Petrie, these data have been reanalyzed to re-evaluate the data using more sophisticated techniques and to expand on the original findings. This reanalysis examines the contribution of maternal weight gain to infant birthweight and retained maternal weight in the immediate postpartum period, and the effect of weight gains below, at, and above the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines on both infant birthweight and retained maternal weight in the postpartum period. The study population included 487 term, uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated for each woman, and categorized as underweight, normal weight, or overweight. Maternal retained weight was calculated as postpartum weight 2 days after delivery minus pregravid weight. Every kilogram of gestational weight gain increased birthweight by 44.9 g for underweight women, 22.9 g for normal weight women, and 11.9 g for overweight women. For every kilogram of retained weight, birthweight was increased by 35.6 g for underweight women, 15.9 g for normal-weight women, and 5.1 g for overweight women. Increasing weight gains from below to equal to IOM guidelines increased birthweight and maternal retained weight by 317 g (11%) (P < 0.01) and 5 kg (P < 0.01), respectively, for underweight women; 141 g (4.4%) (P < 0.02) and 6.2 kg (P < 0.01), respectively, for normal-weight women; and 200 g (6.4%) (NS) and 6.4 kg (P < 0.01), respectively, for overweight women. Increasing weight gains from equal to above the IOM guidelines increased birthweight and maternal retained weight by an additional 299 g (9.4%) (P < 0.02) and 7.3 kg (P < 0.01), respectively, for underweight women; an additional 196 g (5.9%) (P < 0.01) and 5.9 kg (P < 0.01), respectively, for normal weight women; and an additional 9 g (0.3%) (NS) and 8.3 kg (P < 0.01), respectively, for overweight women. These findings suggest that, beyond a certain level of weight gain, there is a point of diminishing returns (increase in birthweight) at the expense of increasing maternal postpartum obesity for the woman who has gained excessively.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A competency based approach to comprehensive pregnancy care.

This paper assesses the quality and cost of a pregnancy care program based on explicit and achieved patient competencies. By using the USPHS Content of Prenatal Care (1989), key psychosocial/education elements of perinatal care were identified. The goal was a process of patient education that is competency based, integrated, and outcome oriented. Psychosocial assessment, patient education tools, criterion-based length of postpartum stay, and home nursing follow-up were implemented as part of a Comprehensive Pregnancy Program (CPP). Case-control and cohort survey methodology were used to evaluate outcome. There was a significant decrease in hospital length of stay for mothers and newborns after implementation of the CPP. Post-discharge maternal emergency room visits and/or readmits did not increase. Differences in newborn emergency room visits and/or readmits were non-significant. There was a marked reduction in hospital costs for mothers and newborns. Patient satisfaction remained high. Core competencies forming the basis of educational and assessment programs allow the focus of care to be optimal outcome, and provide a useful template against which to measure prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care.

Adaptation, Psychological↗