[Emphasizing the quality of emergency treatment].
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Emergency Nursing↗
Biomedical subjects
B Liu
Publications and source records attributed to B Liu.
[Comparison of quality of life in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients].
Quality of life is a important outcome of treatment of chronic disease. It's also a major factor to determine the selection of various modes of therapy for end-stage renal diseases (ESRD) patients. Quality of life may be influenced by some case mix factors. 17 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients and 17 hemodialysis patients were closely matched on sex, age, initial disease, education, financial support, cormidity and marital status to compare their quality of life. There were no difference of quality of life between these two group. These results suggest that dialysis modality do not likely to exerts an independent effect on quality of life of chronic dialysis patients. It may be warrant to speed up the CAPD program due to its less expensive.
Adult↗
[Study of clearance and distribution of 125I-labeled apolipoprotein CIII in mice].
Using 125I-labeled human apoCIII, the clearance and distribution of 125I-apoCIII were investigated. Human apoCIII was purified from plasma VLDL. 125I-apoCIII was prepared by chloramine T method, The fraction clearance rate (FCR) value of 125I-apoCIII in mice plasma was 0.19/h with a plasma half life of 3 h. The radioactivity in different organs after the venous injection of 125I-apoCIII exhibited that the liver contained radioactivity 3-10 times as much as the reactivity in other organs, expressed by both the whole organ and 100 mg of tissues. Results show that there might occur some specific binding sites for apoCIII on liver cells.
Animals↗
[Determination of ceftizoxime in serum by high performance liquid chromatography].
This paper reports the determination of ceftizoxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic, in serum by RP-HPLC. The technique for serum protein precipitation by adding perchloric acid is adapted for sample preparations. After centrifugation, a 100 microliters portion of aqueous phase is injected into chromatographic column of ultrasphere CN, the mobile phase being a mixture of methanol and 1% acetic acid (15:85). The standard curve is linear within the range of 2.5-120 mg/L in serum. The detection limit of ceftizoxime in serum stands at 0.1 mg/L. The recoveries from serum samples after protein precipitation reach 95.4-96.3%. The within day CVs and interday CVs are 2.7-3.3% and 4.8-7.6%, respectively. This method is rapid, reliable and reproducible. It has been utilized to measure the concentration of ceftizoxime in patient serum for clinical research and pharmacokinetic studies.
Ceftizoxime↗
[Studies on mechanisms of carcinogenesis in vitro. V. The expression of oncogenes in different clones from BHLB4 and their changes after chemically induced differentiation].
Using dot blot methods to identify the relationship between the oncogene expression and monosomy of chromosome No 15 in BHLB4 and their changes after induced differentiation, the results indicated that in Clone-1 (high frequency of chromosome No 15 monosomy) C-myc, H-ras, K-ras, N-ras and C-fos expression was higher than that in BHLB4. In Clone-4 (low frequency of chromosome No 15 monosomy), N-ras expression was lower than that in BHLB4. Decreased expression of C-myc, H-ras, and N-ras oncogenes could also be observed during cell differentiation induced by buta acid. It is possible that an antioncogene located on chromosome No 15 regulates oncogene expression, and differentiation agents would have obvious effects on it.
Animals↗
[Gene cloning and expression of TNF in Streptomyces lividans TK54].
With the plasmid pIJ486 as a vector, TNF cDNA originated from plasmid pHT1 has been cloned into Streptomyces lividans TK54. After transformation, hundreds of transformants, resistant to neomycin (30 micrograms/ml) were selected. Result showed that TNF cDNA was inserted into the plasmid pIJT7 harboured in No. 7 transformant, namely Streptomyces lividans TK54-HT. Cytotoxic activity experiment of L929 cell demonstrated that the maximal TNF activity in Streptomyces lividans TK54-HT is more than 10(8) unit/L culture. The neutralization experiment showed that the product producing by Streptomyces lividans TK54-HT is human TNF-alpha. SDS-PAGE confirmed that there is a 17,000 dolton protein band which has the same molecular weight as that of TNF in the clear lysate supernatant of Streptomyces lividans TK54-HT cells. All of these results mentioned above showed that the TNF gene has been successfully cloned and expressed in Streptomyces lividans TK54.
Cloning, Molecular↗
[Localization and nucleotide sequence of propionyl acylase gene of Streptomyces mycarofaciens].
Our research showed that propionyl acylase gene is on 4.16kb insert DNA fragment originated from S. mycarofaciens in recombinant plasmid pIJM9. For localization of this gene on 4.16kb insert DNA fragment, sub-cloning has been carried out with religation of BamHI digested plasmid pIJM9. Among the transformants, molecular weight of recombinant plasmid pIJM95 harbouring in No. 5 transformant is 5.0kb. Molecular weight of insert DNA fragment is 0.53kb in this plasmid. In bioconversion experiment for spiramycin of No. 5 transformant, the bioconversion product was analysed with TLC, bioautography, HPLC and mass spectrum (FAB). Results showed that the bioconvert product is propionylspiramycin. No. 5 transformant is able to transform spiramycin into propionylspiramycin. Propionyl acylase gene was locolized on 0.53kb insert DNA fragment of recombinant plasmid pIJM95. Analysis result of DNA sequence showed that content of G + C is 68.2% for 0.53kb insert DNA fragment. More than 70 kinds of restriction endonuclease have cut sit on this fragment. From No.54-No.393 nucleotide, there is an open reading frame, which codes a polypeptide consisted of 122 amino acids. Start codon is ATG, stop codon is TGA.
Acyltransferases↗
[Effects of high-carbohydrate diet on VLDL-, HDL-, and apolipoprotein CII-receptor activities on liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in rats].
We studied the functions of hepatic VLDL-, HDL-, and apolipoprotein (apo) CIII-receptors in the endogenous hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) rats induced by feeding a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD) (80% of total calories). Compared with the control rats (60% of total calories in CHO), the fasting plasma triglyceride (TG) levels of the rats fed on the CHO diet for 5 days increased by 113.4% (P < 0.025, n = 6), but HDL-C and total cholesterol concentrations decreased by 28.4% and 14.4% (P < 0.05, P < 0.05). The binding (Bmax) and uptake of 125I-labeled VLDL by liver non-parenchymal cells (NPC) from HTG rats decreased by 65.0% and 19.1% (P < 0.001, P > 0.05) respectively. The binding of 125I-labeled apoE-deficient HDL3 to the NPC also decreased significantly (-54.5%, P < 0.05). But the affinities (Ka) of the two receptors were prone to increasing. However, the activities of VLDL- and HDL-receptors on liver parenchymal cells didn't significantly change. Meanwhile, the specific binding of 125I-labeled apo CIII to NPC from HTG rats increased by 104.5% (P < 0.025). The results of this study suggest that hepatic VLDL- and HDL-receptors could be down- and up-regulated respectively in response to plasma lipoprotein concentrations in the high CHO dietary rats, and apo CIII-receptor might play an important role in regulating VLDL- and HDL-receptor activities.
Animals↗
[Comparative observation on several indices of nuclear damage induced by MMC in rat peripheral lymphocytes at G0 phase].
In this study the rat peripheral lymphocytes were treated with various doses of MMC, lymphocytes blood smear was prepared after 18h and was observed. The results showed that the nuclear damage of lymphocytes at Go phase was induced by MMC, and dose-dependent relationship was revealed for FMN (frequency of micronucleus), FIN (frequency of irregular nucleus) and FKN (frequency of karyorrhetic nucleus). Compared with the traditional micronucleus test, rat peripheral lymphocytes nuclear anomaly test seemed to be more sensitive and reasonable. It could therefore be considered as a short-term mutagentic test for preliminary screening and it was worthy of more study.
Animals↗
Regulation of Na,K-ATPase beta 1 mRNA content by thyroid hormone in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.
Incubation of primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in the presence of 100 nM triiodothyronine (T3) resulted in a three- to fivefold increase in the content of Na,K-ATPase beta 1 subunit mRNA which was maximal at 1 d of exposure to hormone. To investigate the mechanism by which T3 stimulates the abundance of beta 1 mRNA, transient transfection experiments were conducted with a chimeric gene containing a portion of the 5' end of the rat beta 1 gene linked to a luciferase reporter gene. We found no effect of T3 on chimeric gene activity either in the absence or presence of cotransfected T3 receptor. The effect of T3 on the transcription rate of the endogenous beta 1 gene was quantitated by the nuclear run-on assay. T3 had no effect on beta 1 gene transcription following either 1 or 3 d of exposure and yielded a 1.3-fold increase at 6 d. These data indicate that T3 induction of Na,K-ATPase beta 1 mRNA content in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes in vitro is primarily mediated at a post-transcriptional site.
Analysis of Variance↗
Detection of perioperative myocardial structural damage by the estimation of cardiac myosin light chain I.
The accurate estimation of myocardial damage is desirable for the assessment of myocardial protection and surgical treatments. The purpose of the study was to estimate myocardial damage by measuring cardiac myosin light chain I (CMLCI). Forty-nine patients undergoing cardiac surgery (for angina or valvular disease) were arbitrarily divided into four groups according to the maximum CMLCI level. Group 1: max CMLCI < 10 micrograms/L (37%); Group 2: max CMLCI 10-20 micrograms/L (39%); Group 3: max CMLCI 20-30 micrograms/L (16%); Group 4: max CMLCI > 30 micrograms/L (8%). Electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) were conventionally used as standards of myocardial damage, and compared with CMLCI. Perioperative myocardial infarction, injury and minimum damage were determined by combinations of ECG pattern changes and CK-MB levels. The max CMLCI level was usually seen on the third postoperative day. None of the patients in group 1 had any ECG changes. The number of patients with ECG changes was much higher as the max CMLCI level increased, and evidently increased when the max CMLCI was over 20 micrograms/L. The number of patients with high CK-MB > 100 micrograms/L followed the same pattern. Furthermore, perioperative infarction was only seen when the max CMLCI was > 30 micrograms/L. The peak CMLCI level was significantly higher in the infarction group than injury and minimum damage groups. This study showed that CMLCI was able to estimate the actual extent and severity of the myocardial damage and enhanced the diagnosis of perioperative infarction.
Aged↗
[The effect of silica dust on type I and type III collagen mRNA synthesis by fibroblasts in vitro].
Human alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I) and alpha 1(III) cDNA probes and RNA dot hybridization were employed to quantitate collagen mRNA changes after adding silica dust into the media of human 2BS fibroblasts. At all dosages used (100, 200, 500, and 1000 micrograms), the alpha 1(I), alpha 2(I) and alpha 1(III) mRNA levels increased one day after dusting. At the same dosage of silica (100 micrograms), alpha 1(III) mRNA increased more rapidly than did type I collagen mRNA. The type I and type III collagen mRNA contents in the experimental groups were higher than those in controls on days 3, 5, 7 and 9.
Cell Line↗
The lipoxygenase metabolite 12(S)-HETE promotes alpha IIb beta 3 integrin-mediated tumor-cell spreading on fibronectin.
Tumor-cell interaction with the vessel wall during metastasis involves adhesion, induction of endothelial-cell retraction and spreading on the exposed sub-endothelial matrix. The signals for initiation of tumor-cell spreading and the receptors involved are unknown. A protocol was developed to distinguish between initial tumor-cell (B16 amelanotic melanoma; B16a) adhesion to and spreading on fibronectin. The time for maximum spreading was 50 min. Treatment with a lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid [12(S)-HETE] resulted in maximum spreading in 15 min (max. effect approx. 0.1 microM). Other lipoxygenase metabolites were ineffective. 12(S)-HETE treatment induced a rearrangement of F-actin, vinculin, vimentin intermediate filaments and integrin alpha IIb beta 3, but not integrin alpha 5 beta 1. Antibodies to alpha IIb beta 3 but not alpha 5 beta 1 blocked the 12(S)-HETE effect on B16a spreading. B16a-cell attachment to fibronectin resulted in increased metabolism of arachidonic acid to 12(S)-HETE, which was inhibited by lipoxygenase but not by cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. Accordingly, lipoxygenase inhibitors but not cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors blocked spontaneous B16a-cell spreading. The protein-kinase-C inhibitors calphostin C, H7 and staurosporine also inhibited spreading, while the protein-kinase-A inhibitor H8 was ineffective. These data suggest that B16a-cell spreading on fibronectin is initiated by a lipoxygenase metabolite [12(S)-HETE] of arachidonic acid and is mediated by protein kinase C.
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
Protein-kinase-C inhibitor calphostin C reduces B16 amelanotic melanoma cell adhesion to endothelium and lung colonization.
We recently reported that the Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C (PKC), was involved in rat Walker carcinosarcoma cell adhesion to large-vessel endothelium. We extended our studies to explore the role of this kinase in the adhesion to small-vessel endothelium and lung colonization of murine B16 amelanotic melanoma (B16a). Subpopulations of B16a cells, which differ in lung-colonization potentials, were isolated by centrifugal elutriation from solid tumors. In this study, we demonstrate that cells from a high metastatic sub-population (HM340), when compared with cells from a low metastatic sub-population (LM180), exhibit elevated levels of total cellular as well as membrane-bound PKC. The increase in PKC in cells from the HM340 correlates positively to their increased ability to adhere to murine pulmonary-microvessel endothelial-cell monolayer, and to form pulmonary colonies in syngeneic mice. Calphostin C, a potent and selective PKC inhibitor, decreases in a dose-dependent manner the adhesion to endothelium and the lung colonization of cells from both the low and the high metastatic sub-populations with IC50 at sub-micromolar concentrations. In conclusion, our results suggest that PKC may be a key element in regulating tumor-cell metastasis and that PKC inhibitors may be anti-metastatic agents.
12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid↗
Characterization of the 5' flanking region of the rat Na+/K(+)-ATPase beta 1 subunit gene.
We have isolated the 5' end of the rat Na+/K(+)-ATPase beta 1 subunit gene. A genomic fragment containing 817 bp of the 5' flanking sequence, exon 1 and 479 bp of intron 1 was sequenced. The 5' flanking region contains a potential TATA box and several putative CAAT and GC boxes. Potential binding sites for thyroid and glucocorticoid receptors were identified together with multiple sequence motifs which exhibit homology to calcium and serum responsive elements.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Fatty acid modulation of tumor cell-platelet-vessel wall interaction.
Prostaglandins and other eicosanoids have been studied extensively in their physical, biochemical, biophysical and pharmacological aspects. However, studies on their role in tumor progression, especially metastases are relatively recent. Following a brief overview of the history of discovery and metabolism of eicosanoids and other fatty acids, we discuss the functions of these fatty acids (with emphasis on prostacyclin, thromboxane A2, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid) in cell transformation, tumor promotion and particularly in tumor cell metastasis. The relation between these monohydroxy fatty acids and tumor cell metastasis is discussed from three different perspectives, i.e., their effects on tumor cells, on platelets and on endothelial cells. The mechanism of these effects are then addressed at cell adhesion molecule, motility, protease, cell cytoskeleton, protein kinase and eicosanoid receptor levels. Finally, regulation of three key enzymes which generate eicosanoids (phospholipase, prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase and lipoxygenase) is explored.
Animals↗
Ultrastructure of the spermatid and spermatozoon of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus.
The ultrastructure of the spermatid and spermatozoon of Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Archiacanthocephala) was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy. The flagellum and nucleus in the spermatid gradually expanded simultaneously. The karyoplasma of the spermatid transformed into dense inclusions and a multibarrel structure, which were also found in the spermatozoan body. The multibarrel structure was located close to the flagellum and consisted of many irregular microtubes. The flagellum of the developing spermatozoon was observed in a concavity of the spermatid nucleus. The microtubule arrangement of the flagellum was "9 + 2". No mitochondria or acrosome were observed in spermatozoa.
Acanthocephala↗
Multifiber, multiwavelength, fiber optic fluorescence spectrophotometer.
A fiberoptic spectrofluorimeter was constructed capable of remote operation of up to 18 biosensors under fully automated, multiplexed control. Excitation and emission wavelengths were separately adjustable, as were optical bandwidths, signal gain, phase, integration time, and illumination duty cycle. Synchronous demodulation was used to enhance signal-to-noise ratio and allow operation under ambient lighting conditions. Detection limit for aqueous sodium-fluorescein was below 1 ng/mL at greater than unity signal-to-noise ratio, with effective sampling volumes less than 0.02 microL. The fluorimeter showed characteristics fiberoptic sampling behavior with asymptotic nonzero signal magnitudes under increasing pathlength conditions.
Equipment Design↗