Indications and therapeutic possibilities using degradable microspheres in liver malignancies.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
B Lindberg
Publications and source records attributed to B Lindberg.
Pharmacokinetics of terbutaline during pregnancy.
Terbutaline in plasma was determined in three groups of women by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eight women received a single i.v. dose of 0.25 mg terbutaline sulphate during pregnancy and 3-6 months after delivery. Mean plasma clearance was 29% higher during pregnancy than after delivery. There was a subsequent decrease in mean terminal half-life from 5.3 to 3.7 h and in mean residence time from 5.3 to 3.4 h. There was no change in volume of distribution. A second group of pregnant women in premature labour (n = 8) received oral terbutaline 5 mg t.d.s. The dosing was repeated after delivery. The mean steady state plasma concentration of terbutaline was about 30% lower during pregnancy than after delivery. A third group of women in preterm labour (n = 8) was treated with an i.v. infusion of terbutaline. The concentrations of terbutaline found on cessation of uterine contractions ranged between 12.8 and 31.5 ng/ml. At present there is no basis for formulation of a "therapeutic plasma level" of terbutaline for the treatment of preterm labour.
Administration, Oral↗
[Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 in human CSE--increased levels in late pregnancy.
The opioid heptapeptide, [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 was measured in CSF of women at term pregnancy and during the luteal phase by RIA. Levels turned out to be significantly increased in pregnant women. These results are in agreement with an earlier paper in which we reported increased levels of receptorassayed opioid peptides deriving from proenkephalin A in CSF of women in term pregnancy compared to levels in nonpregnant, nonpuerperal women.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
[The new education in Norway not sufficient].
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Clinical Competence↗
Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 5.
The structure of the capsular polysaccharide (S5) elaborated by Streptococcus pneumoniae type 5 has been investigated by using n.m.r. spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and various specific degradations. It is concluded that the polysaccharide is composed of pentasaccharide repeating-units having the following structure: (Formula: see text) In this structure, L-PneNAc stands for 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-L-talose (pneumosamine) and D-Sug for 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-xylo-hexos-4-ulose. The latter sugar accounts for the lability of S5 towards alkali. N.m.r. spectra indicate heterogeneity in S5, most probably associated with the hexosyl-4-ulose residue.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
[Rh isoimmunization--why still new cases?].
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Female↗
Pregnancy-induced increase in metoprolol metabolism.
Five women who developed hypertension during pregnancy received metoprolol, 10 mg iv; 3 days later they received metoprolol, 100 mg by mouth. Blood and urine samples were collected after each dose. The same procedure was repeated 3 to 6 months after delivery. The apparent oral clearance of metoprolol during pregnancy exceeded that after pregnancy by a factor of 2 to 13. As a result, after oral dosing the peak plasma concentrations during pregnancy were only 12% to 55% those after delivery, and the plasma AUCs were reduced to the same extent. Oral bioavailability increased by a factor of 1.3 to 3.7 after pregnancy. Systemic clearance after pregnancy was 26% to 97% that during pregnancy, but this difference was not significant. Metoprolol plasma protein binding was the same on both study occasions. Our data cannot be explained by a change in gastrointestinal absorption, because the urinary recovery of metoprolol and its metabolites was slightly higher during pregnancy. It is concluded that the greater metoprolol clearance during pregnancy results from increased hepatic metabolism of the drug.
Adult↗
Effects of adjuvants to local anaesthetics on their duration. I. Studies of dextrans of widely varying molecular weight and adrenaline in rat infraorbital nerve block.
Local anaesthetics of the amide type were studied in a modified rat infraorbital nerve block model, with which it was possible to determine varying degrees of sensory block. Of the agents investigated, 0.5% bupivacaine tended to give a longer duration of block than 2% prilocaine or 2% lidocaine, while 0.5% etidocaine had the shortest duration. The duration of prilocaine was prolonged by addition of adrenaline, 5 micrograms/ml, more than that of the other agents. Addition of dextrans of Mw 40-110 X 10(3) did not cause any prolongation of block induced by bupivacaine. When mixed with dextrans over a wide range of Mw (40-4900 X 10(3), prilocaine exhibited significant prolongations of its action by up to 200%. The extent of prolongation was dependent on the degree of block, the concentration of dextrans in the local anaesthetic solution, and the Mw of the dextran although in a less uniform way. An increase in the relative viscosity of the solutions might be a factor of importance for the prolonging effect of addition of dextran to local anaesthetics. Since a formulation providing analgesia of a long duration would be of clinical value, further studies on combinations of the comparatively low-toxicity agent prilocaine and macromolecular substances are of interest.
Anesthetics, Local↗
Effects of adjuvants to local anaesthetics on their duration. II. Studies of some substituted dextrans and other macromolecules in rat infraorbital nerve block.
The effects of adding various macromolecular substances to 2% prilocaine on duration of rat infraorbital nerve block were investigated. The tested substances consisted of dextrans with lipophilic or charged substituents as well as other neutral or highly charged macromolecules. Most of the adjuvants caused significant prolongations of sensory block. For substituted dextrans the duration of sensory block degree 3 amounted to between 120% (3% capryldextran II) and 350% (3% carboxymethyldextran) in comparison to prilocaine plain. The corresponding values for hydroxypropylstarch (3%) alginic acid (0.5%), beta-cyclodextrin (1.5%) and hyaluronic acid (0.25%) were about 170%, 285% and 380%, respectively. The results suggest that the increased duration of local analgesia by prilocaine is related to increased viscosity of the solution produced by the macromolecular compounds. The mechanism seems to be of a physical character, and hyaluronic acid seems to be worthy of further studies.
Alginates↗
Effects of adjuvants to local anaesthetics on their duration. III. Experimental studies of hyaluronic acid.
The effects of addition of hyaluronic acid (sodium hyaluronate, Healon) to different local anaesthetics of the amide type on the duration of sensory or motor blocks following various regional anaesthetic procedures were studied in animal experiments. In the rat infra-orbital nerve block model, the addition of 0.1-0.5% hyaluronic acid (HA) to 2% prilocaine increased the duration of sensory block of varying degrees in a dose-dependent way by up to 500% of values obtained with plain prilocaine. The duration of degree 5 blocks produced by 0.5% etidocaine and 0.5% bupivacaine was also significantly prolonged when 0.4% HA was included to 206% and 282% of control, respectively, while blocks induced by 2% lidocaine were prolonged to 123% of control. The duration of motor block following spinal anaesthesia in the mouse was prolonged in a dose-dependent way when HA was added to prilocaine, bupivacaine and etidocaine. For solutions containing 0.4% HA, prolongations to 254%, 166% and 134% of control, respectively, were obtained. A concomitant increase of latency to onset of block and failure rate occurred with increasing concentrations of HA. The duration of corneal anaesthesia in the rabbit increased by 57% and 44% when 0.3% HA was added to prilocaine and bupivacaine, respectively. The duration of infiltration anaesthesia was not affected by the addition of HA to the local anaesthetic solutions. Addition of HA had no effect on the onset, depth and duration of prilocaine-induced block of the nervous transmission in vitro. The duration of infra-orbital nerve block and spinal anaesthesia shows a significant relation to the relative viscosity of the local anaesthetic solution.
Anesthetics, Local↗
Cholescintiscan or infusion cholecystography in acute cholecystitis. A prospective study.
Two methods of diagnosing acute cholecystitis--cholescintigraphy and infusion cholecystography--were compared in a prospective study of 105 patients. Sensitivity and specificity were very high (96-99% and 91%, respectively), without difference between the two methods. Infusion cholecystography gave transient rise in liver enzyme levels in more than half of the patients. Cholescintigraphy gave no side effects. Cholescintiscan could be performed at moderately elevated bilirubin levels. It also gave information concerning liver malignancy in four patients. On these grounds, cholescintigraphy is the preferable of the two methods.
Acute Disease↗
The enterobacterial common-antigen, a cyclic polysaccharide.
Structural studies of the enterobacterial common-antigen, using chemical methods and fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry, indicate that it is a cyclic polysaccharide, composed of four, five, and, to a smaller extent, six trisaccharide repeating-units. In the structure of the antigen, given below, D-Fuc4NAc stands for 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-D-galactose.
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Synthesis of a glucoheptaose and a glucooctaose that elicit phytoalexin accumulation in soybean.
The glucoheptaose 1 and the glucooctaose 2 have been synthesized using unambiguous methods. The former is identical with an elicitor-active heptasaccharide obtained from partially hydrolyzed mycelium of Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea. The octasaccharide is also elicitor active, although to a lesser extent than the heptasaccharide. 1:R = H; 2:R = beta-D-Glcp. (Formula: see text)
Glucans↗
Comparison of the structures and elicitor activities of a synthetic and a mycelial-wall-derived hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitol.
The elicitor activity and structural characteristics of chemically synthesized hepta- and octa-beta-D-glucopyranosides were compared with the same properties of an elicitor-active mycelial-wall-derived hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitol. The specific elicitor activities, retention times on reversed-phase liquid chromatography columns, glycosyl-linkage compositions, 1H NMR analyses, and glycosyl-sequence analyses of the synthetic and mycelial-wall-derived hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitols were indistinguishable. This work provided conclusive proof that elicitor activity was associated with the structure proposed (Sharp, J. K., McNeil, M., and Albersheim, P. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 11321-11336) for the elicitor-active mycelial-wall-derived hexa(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-D-glucitol.
Carbohydrate Conformation↗
Structural studies of the Escherichia coli O-antigen 6.
The structure of the Escherichia coli O-antigen 6 has been investigated using n.m.r. spectroscopy, methylation analysis, and various specific degradations. It is concluded that the O-antigen is composed of pentasaccharide repeating-units having the following structure. (Formula: see text)
Antigens, Bacterial↗
Audibility of an artificial third heart sound in relation to its frequency, amplitude, delay from the second heart sound and the experience of the observer.
The possibility of detecting synthetic third heart sounds was studied. A special unit was used that added a sound to a previously recorded phonocardiogram. The sound could be changed in frequency, amplitude and delay from the second heart sound. Four groups of observers--cardiologists, residents, nurses and students--listened to 32 random examples. Detection rate increased with experience of the observer (p less than 0.0001) as well as with amplitude (p less than 0.0001), frequency (p less than 0.0001) and delay of the sound (p less than 0.05). The sensitivity was highest among the cardiologists, but the specificity was not different between the groups. Data from this study indicate that the audibility of the third heart sound depends on several important factors. The sound should usually be audible, but variability of results were considerable even among experienced cardiologists. A quantified phonocardiographic recording should be used for validation.
Cardiology↗
CSF and plasma beta-casomorphin-like opioid peptides in postpartum psychosis.
The authors measured opioid receptor-active components in the CSF of 11 women with postpartum psychosis, 11 healthy lactating women, and 16 healthy women who were not lactating. Activity that eluted with 0.2 M acetic acid 0.7-0.9 times the total volume of the column (fraction II activity) was significantly higher in the CSF of both healthy and psychotic women in the puerperium than in that of the lactating women. Very high levels of fraction II activity were seen in four psychotic patients. Material from these patients was further characterized by electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography: The material migrated as bovine beta-casomorphin. Receptor-active material with the same characteristics was also found in the plasma of these four patients. The authors conclude that certain cases of postpartum psychosis are associated with the occurrence in plasma and CSF of unique opioid peptides probably related to bovine beta-casomorphin.
Adult↗
The incidence of hypertensive disease in pregnancy.
Incidence figures for hypertensive disease in pregnancy (HDP) vary widely in epidemiological studies due to variations in definitions, the occurrence of risk factors and differing methods of data collection. In Uppsala county all pregnant women with a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg or more were prospectively registered within a 2-year-period. The incidence of hypertension noted in the antenatal clinics was found to be 7.2%. In 56% of the cases hypertension was first noted after 37 weeks of gestation. The group of patients presenting before term with hypertension not normalized by bed rest in hospital and without complicating factors was only 14% of the whole material. The implications of the findings for discussions on therapy and complications in HDP are discussed.
Bed Rest↗