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Biomedical subjects

B Lindberg

Publications and source records attributed to B Lindberg.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Potentially avoidable perinatal deaths in Denmark and Sweden 1991].

In 1991 the perinatal mortality rate in Denmark was 8.0/1000 deliveries compared to 6.5/1000 in Sweden. An international audit was designed to investigate whether the perinatal death rates in the two countries to some extent could reflect differences in the quality of care. Medical records of 97% of all perinatal deaths in 1991 in the two countries were analyzed. A new classification focusing on potential avoidability from a health services perspective was elaborated at a Nordic-Baltic workshop, using the variables: time of death in relation to admission and delivery, fetal malformation, gestational age, growth-retardation and Apgar score at 5 min. Rates of perinatal deaths of malformed infants (0.00195 and 0.00145) and intrapartum deaths of non-malformed infants (0.00042 and 0.00019) were significantly higher in Denmark than in Sweden. The study raised the following questions: why is the rate of perinatal death of malformed infants higher in Denmark than in Sweden and could intrapartum care in Denmark be improved?

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1997

High prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies at diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Swedish children.

The prevalence of thyroglobulin autoantibodies and that of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies were studied in serum samples from 52 children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, sampled at diagnosis and before the start of insulin treatment, with 386 non-diabetic schoolchildren (11 to 13 years of age) serving as control subjects. Using exactly the same sensitive solid-phase immunosorbent radioassay for both thyroid autoantibodies, with comparable sensitivity, we found the prevalences of both autoantibodies to be higher in the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus group than in the control group, the difference being most pronounced for thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies. Thyroglobulin autoantibodies were positive in 33% of the diabetics versus 14% in the control group (p = 0.002), and thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies were positive in 38% versus 6% (p = 0.0001). The high prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies already at diagnosis stresses the importance of early screening for thyroid disease in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Glutamate decarboxylase antibodies in non-diabetic pregnancy precedes insulin-dependent diabetes in the mother but not necessarily in the offspring.

We studied the risk for diabetes of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) and islet cell (ICA) autoantibodies in non-diabetic pregnant mothers and their children. Pregnancy and cord blood sera were collected in 1970-87 from about 35,000 mothers who delivered a child in the city of Malmö, Sweden. A total of 42 mothers were identified in 1988 who, 1-18 years after their pregnancies, had developed either insulin-dependent (n = 22) or non-insulin dependent (n = 20) diabetes mellitus. First, in 123 pregnant mothers selected as controls, 0.8% had GAD65Ab and 0.8% ICA. Second, among the mothers with non-insulin dependent diabetes, 7/20 (35%) had GAD65Ab eight months to 13 years, 10 months before clinical diagnosis. Third, in mothers who later developed insulin-dependent diabetes, 12/22 (55%) had GAD65Ab and 10/22 (45%) had ICA in pregnancies preceding the clinical diagnosis by 13 months to 9 years, 4 months. In 1996, none of the children born to the 42 mothers have developed diabetes. GAD65Ab and ICA in non-diabetic pregnancies may predict insulin-dependent diabetes in the mother but not necessarily in the offspring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Potentially avoidable perinatal deaths in Denmark and Sweden 1991.

BACKGROUND: Since 1950 the perinatal mortality has been significantly higher in Denmark than in Sweden. In 1991 the rate in Denmark was 8.0/1000 deliveries compared to 6.5/1000 in Sweden. An international audit was designed to investigate whether the perinatal death rates in the two countries to some extent could reflect differences in the quality of care, indicated by the numbers of perinatal deaths in categories of potentially avoidable deaths. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of 97% of all perinatal deaths in 1991 in the two countries were analyzed. A new classification focusing on potential avoidability from a health services perspective was elaborated at a Nordic-Baltic workshop, using the variables: time of death in relation to admission and delivery, fetal malformation, gestational age, growth-retardation and Apgar score at 5 min. RESULTS: Rates of perinatal deaths of malformed infants (0.00195 and 0.00145) and intrapartum deaths of non-malformed infants (0.00042 and 0.00019) was significantly higher in Denmark than in Sweden. CONCLUSION: Application of the Nordic-Baltic Perinatal Death Classification on perinatal deaths in Denmark and Sweden in 1991 raises the questions as to why the rate of perinatal death of malformed infants is higher in Denmark than in Sweden and whether intrapartum care in Denmark could be improved.

Cause of Death↗
PubMed1996

Twenty years' colonoscopic surveillance of patients with ulcerative colitis. Detection of dysplastic and malignant transformation.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic cancer surveillance in patients with ulcerative colitis has been performed for almost 3 decades. There is still no consensus on its clinical value. METHODS: This study evaluates a 20-year prospective study of 143 patients with extensive ulcerative colitis and a disease duration exceeding 10 years. Colonoscopy with double biopsy specimens from nine locations of the colon was performed every 2nd year. Biopsy specimens showing dysplasia were reviewed at the end of the study. RESULTS: Through the surveillance dysplasia/cancer was detected in 55 patients; 7 of these patients had carcinomas, and 2 were in a possibly curable stage (Dukes A). The predictive value of low-grade dysplasia for either high-grade dysplasia or cancer was 41%. CONCLUSIONS: Although impaired by limiting factors, colonoscopic surveillance of chronic extensive colitis may identify patients with dysplasia and thereby prevent malignant transformation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Separation of cyclodextrins and their derivatives by thin-layer and preparative column chromatography.

Cyclodextrins, their derivatives and products of their partial hydrolysis are clearly separated by chromatography on silica gel by mobile phases containing aqueous ammonia and organic solvent (acetonitrile or 1-propanol). This system allows separation of compounds with different numbers of substituents on cyclodextrin, but does not allow the separation of isomers; the system can be used both for thin-layer chromatography and for preparative column chromatography. The isomers in the fraction thus obtained can be in some cases separated, after peracetylation, by chromatography on silica gel using a mobile phase consisting of methanol and dichloromethane. This chromatographic sequence potentially yields derivatives of cyclodextrins in quantities which enable evaluation of their solubilization and biological properties.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1995

The reaction between epichlorohydrin and polysaccharides: Part 2, Synthesis of some model substances, with cyclic substituents.

Eight derivatives of methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, in which the substituents are part of cyclic structures, have been prepared as model substances for possible structural elements formed on reaction of polysaccharides with epichlorohydrin. The substances were converted into the permethylated alditol-1-d acetates and characterised by CIMS and EIMS.

Epichlorohydrin↗
PubMed1995

Regioselectivity of alkylation of cyclomaltoheptaose (beta-cyclodextrin) and synthesis of its mono-2-O-methyl, -ethyl, -allyl, and -propyl derivatives.

Mono-2-O-methyl-, -2-O-ethyl-, and -2-O-allyl-cyclomaltoheptaose were prepared by alkylations of cyclomaltoheptaose in dilute aqueous alkali, and mono-2-O-propylcyclomaltoheptaose was obtained by hydrogenation of the allyl derivative. All the 2-O-alkyl derivatives were less soluble in water than was cyclomaltoheptaose. All formed inclusion complexes with toluene in aqueous solution, but only the methyl ether was less soluble in the water-toluene system than in water. The solubilities of the other ethers in water were enhanced by the addition of toluene. Partial methylation of cyclomaltoheptase with 13C-enriched dimethyl sulfate in dilute aqueous alkali yielded mixtures of products. The substitution patterns were analyzed by GLC-MS of the alditol acetates, prepared by hydrolysis, reduction, and acetylation, and by 13C NMR after complete permethylation with nonenriched reagent. The results showed that methylation at O-2 is a predominant but not an exclusive reaction; as expected, the regioselectivity decreases with increasing degree of methylation.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1995

Calcium channel blockade (isradipine) in treatment of hypertension in pregnancy: a randomized placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the effects of isradipine, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, on mother and fetus in the treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: The investigation was performed as a two-group, parallel, double-blind multicenter study of isradipine versus placebo. Fifty-four women were randomized to treatment with isradipine slow-release capsules given orally 5 mg twice a day and 57 to a placebo group. RESULTS: Isradipine lowered the maternal mean arterial blood pressure effectively in women with nonproteinuric hypertension but did not do so in women with proteinuria at recruitment or appearing during treatment. Blood flow in the umbilical artery and maternal renal and liver function were not influenced by treatment. Isradipine had few side effects and was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Calcium channel blockade with isradipine is effective for treatment of nonproteinuric hypertension but not in preeclampsia.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1995

The use of intravenous nitroglycerin for emergency cervico-uterine relaxation.

A patient with a twin pregnancy was in preterm labour after 25 gestational weeks when, during vaginal delivery of the second twin, severe spasm of the cervix and fetal bradycardia ensued. Induction of general anesthesia did not relax the cervix. After bolus doses of nitroglycerin 100 + 50 micrograms i.v., prompt cervico-uterine relaxation was obtained allowing manual extraction of the baby. A short review of the literature and a summary of our experience in the administration of nitroglycerin i.v. in obstetrics are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Maternal enteroviral infection during pregnancy as a risk factor for childhood IDDM. A population-based case-control study.

Using the nationwide childhood-onset diabetes register in Sweden, we were able to trace children who contracted diabetes before the age of 15 years and who were born at a specific hospital in Sweden where maternal sera from delivery had been stored during the years 1969-1989. Sera obtained at delivery from 57 mothers of diabetic children were compared with sera from 203 mothers of control subjects who were delivered at the same hospital during the same time period. The sera were analyzed blindly using a group-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for enteroviral IgG and IgM antibodies before and after urea wash as an avidity test. On the same plates, IgG antibodies to herpes, mumps, and toxoplasmosis were analyzed. The mean absorbance values of enteroviral IgG antibodies against enteroviral antigens (echo30, coxsackie B5, and echo9) were significantly higher among mothers whose children later developed diabetes (P = 0.002, P = 0.02, and P = 0.04, respectively). When reduction in activity after urea wash, indicating recently formed antibodies, was compared, the differences were even more pronounced (P < 0.001 for all three antigens). No significant differences were found for antibodies against herpes (all types), herpes type 2, mumps, or toxoplasmosis. When IgM activity and/or a significant decrease in avidity index, an indication of recent enterovirus infection, was used as a risk exposure, the odds ratio standardized for year of birth (95% confidence interval) was 3.19 (1.39-7.30). We conclude that the results of this study indicate that enteroviral infection during pregnancy is a risk factor for childhood-onset diabetes in the offspring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1994

Structural studies of the Shigella boydii type 5 O-antigen polysaccharide.

The structure of the Shigella boydii type 5 O-antigen polysaccharide has been investigated by sugar and methylation analyses, and specific degradations. It is proposed that it is composed of hexasaccharide repeating units with the following structure. The repeating unit also contains an O-acetyl group, linked to one of the primary positions. [formula: see text]

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1994

The reaction between epichlorohydrin and polysaccharides: Part 1. Syntheses of some model substances with non-cyclic substituents.

Five derivatives of methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, in which the substituents form noncyclic structures, have been prepared as model substances for possible structural elements formed on reaction of polysaccharides with epichlorohydrin. The substances were converted into the permethylated alditol-1-d derivatives and characterised by CIMS and EIMS.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Structural studies of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type 38: a reinvestigation.

The structure of the capsular polysaccharide from Klebsiella type K38 has been reinvestigated. It is composed of pentasaccharide repeating units of the structure given below. In this structure, Sug stands for a 4-deoxy-threo-hex-4-enopyranosyluronic acid group, most probably having the beta-L configuration. 1H NMR studies further indicate that this group assumes the 1H2 conformation. [formula: see text]

Carbohydrate Conformation↗