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Biomedical subjects

B Lind

Publications and source records attributed to B Lind.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Postnatal lead exposure alters spontaneous cerebellar Purkinje neuron discharge.

The effects of early postnatal lead administration on the spontaneous activity of cerebellar Purkinje neurons were studied electrophysiologically in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Newborn rat litters were divided into three groups and injected daily from Day 1 to Day 20 after birth with 8 mg NaAc/kg, 1 mg PbAc/kg, or 8 mg PbAc/kg intraperitoneally. Purkinje neurons in all three groups showed regular and sustained discharge. However, the mean spontaneous firing rate was significantly lower in the 8-mg PbAc/kg group (26.13 +/- 1.28 Hz) compared to the NaAc controls (32.39 +/- 1.93, P greater than 0.01). Furthermore, the distribution of the firing rates of the Purkinje cells were different in the two groups, with an obvious loss of faster firing cells in the 8-mg PbAc/kg group. No differences were seen between the 1-mg PbAc/kg group and the NaAc controls. As the 8-mg PbAc/kg group weighed significantly less than the NaAc group, malnourished animals were produced by using oversized litters, to control for any changes caused by the lower body weight. However, when compared to concomitantly raised controls, no changes could be seen in Purkinje cell discharge in the malnourished animals. It is concluded that neonatal exposure to lead can cause permanent changes in spontaneous Purkinje cell discharge.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1983

Lead and cadmium levels in blood samples from the general population of Sweden.

Lead and cadmium was determined in whole blood samples obtained from 473 nonoccupationally exposed adult persons in Sweden in 1980. Analyses were performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry equipped with an electrothermal atomization unit. Accuracy of the analysis was confirmed by the analysis of quality control samples. Blood lead concentrations were shown to be significantly influenced by sex, smoking habits, and alcohol consumption. Current male smokers had a median blood lead level of 92 micrograms Pb/liter, as compared to 77 micrograms Pb/liter for nonsmokers. For females the corresponding values were 69 micrograms Pb/liter and 57 micrograms Pb/liter for current smokers and nonsmokers, respectively. Highly significant correlations were found between stated alcohol consumption and blood lead in most of the different sex and smoking categories. People living in apartments close to streets with heavy traffic in Stockholm had slightly, but not significantly, higher blood lead levels when compared to people living in areas of this city with low traffic density. Blood cadmium levels were very strongly affected by smoking habits. A significant correlation existed between the number of cigarettes consumed daily and blood cadmium concentration. The median blood cadmium level for nonsmoking males was 0.2 micrograms Cd/liter (less than or equal to 0.2, detection limit) and for females 0.3 micrograms Cd/liter. About 90% of all nonsmokers had cadmium concentrations in blood below 0.6 micrograms Cd/liter, whereas about 90% of the current male and female smokers had cadmium concentrations in blood of 0.6 micrograms Cd/liter or more.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cadmium exposure from smoking cigarettes: variations with time and country where purchased.

Cadmium has been determined in 26 brands of cigarettes purchased in eight different countries throughout the world and in 16 different samples of cigarettes produced in Sweden between 1918 and 1968. In addition the amount of cadmium released from smoking one cigarette to the particulate phase collected from a smoking simulation machine, corresponding to the amount actually inhaled by a smoker, has been determined. The cadmium concentration in different brands of cigarettes ranged from 0.19 to 3.0 micrograms Cd/g dry wt, with a general tendency toward lower values in cigarettes from developing countries. No systematic change in the cadmium concentration of cigarettes with time could be revealed. The amount of cadmium inhaled from smoking one cigarette containing about 1.7 microgram Cd was estimated to be 0.14 to 0.19 microgram, corresponding to about 10% of the total cadmium content in the cigarette.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1983

Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on breathing patterns of normal subjects and intubated patients with respiratory failure.

The aims of this study included assessment of accuracy of respiratory inductive plethysmography when pulmonary hyperinflation was induced by application of PEEP, and examination of breathing patterns of normal subjects, intubated patients requiring mechanical ventilation and intubated patients immediately before extubation during application of PEEP by demand valve and high gas flow reservoir bag systems. Validation of tidal volume (VT) and end-expiratory level measured with respiratory inductive plethysmography to simultaneous spirometry (SP) was achieved with PEEP levels up to 12.5 cm H2O in 7 normals. In 17 intubated patients, almost all VT values measured with respiratory inductive plethysmography fell within +/- 10% of SP even with 2 to 3 changes of body posture. In normal subjects, increasing levels of PEEP from the demand valve system produced nonprogressive rises of VT and mean inspiratory flow, falls of frequency and fractional inspiratory time (TI/TTOT), and no changes of minute ventilation (Vmin) nor mean expiratory flow. PEEP from the high gas flow reservoir bag system produced nonprogressive rises of VT and rib cage (RC) contribution to VT, and rises of Vmin and mean inspiratory and expiratory flows between 10.0 and 12.5 cm H2O of PEEP. Intubated patients requiring intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) had a rapid, shallow breathing pattern unaltered by PEEP levels delivered by either system up to 12.5 cm H2O despite increases of end-expiratory level. Intubated patients who were about to be extubated breathed with patterns closer to ambulatory normal subjects with the exception of their elevated RC contribution to VT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Cadmium in blood and urine related to present and past exposure. A study of workers in an alkaline battery factory.

Blood and urinary cadmium concentrations together with cadmium in air concentrations from the breathing zone of 18 male workers in an alkaline battery factory were determined at regular intervals for 11 consecutive weeks. Nine of the workers examined were smokers and nine non-smokers. Smokers and non-smokers did not differ in age or years of employment. Cadmium in air concentrations varied, but no definite trend was observed. The concentrations of cadmium in the blood and urine were found to be stable. Exposure to airborne cadmium was identical for smokers and non-smokers but average cadmium concentrations in the blood and urine of smokers were approximately twice as high as those in non-smokers. For the whole group, urinary cadmium was significantly correlated with years of employment, but no correlation was found between blood cadmium concentrations and exposure. For non-smokers, the correlation between cadmium in blood and years of employment was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). This finding indicated that blood concentrations of cadmium reflect body burden in non-smokers at current low exposure levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Validation of respiratory inductive plethysmography in patients with pulmonary disease.

The assumption that the respiratory system behaves with 2 df of motion in healthy persons allows calibration of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) with spirometry (SP). To ascertain whether RIP could be calibrated by the same assumption in patients with lung disease, even though at least 3 df of motion are visualized (ie, upper and lower rib cage and upper and lower abdomen move out of phase), RIP was calibrated by a two-position calibration procedure and validated satisfactorily by simultaneous SP in the erect, semirecumbent, supine, and lateral decubitus positions. In lung disease, the contribution to tidal volume of regions moving independently of the combined rib cage and abdominal movements either is small or remains relatively constant with change of body posture. For clinical monitoring of the resting breathing pattern where patient movements cannot be restricted, respiratory inductive plethysmography can serve as a reliable semiquantitative, noninvasive ventilatory monitoring device.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1983

Recurrences after initial dislocation of the shoulder. Results of a prospective study of treatment.

During the years 1978 and 1979, the results in 257 patients with a primary anterior dislocation of the shoulder were prospectively studied. The patients were less than forty years old and had been treated at twenty-seven Swedish hospitals. Thirty-two patients had a fracture of the greater tuberosity, but none of them reported having any further dislocations within two years after treatment, while 32 per cent of the patients without this fracture had a redislocation during the same period. The incidence of fractures of the greater tuberosity varied with the age of the patient; the highest rates were in the age groups of twelve to thirteen years and thirty-four to forty years (43 and 30 per cent, respectively), while in the age group of twenty to twenty-two years this injury was found in only 3 per cent of the patients. Chip fractures of the glenoid rim were found in 8 per cent of the patients, most of whom were in the older age groups. Impression fractures in the posterior part of the humeral head were demonstrated in 55 per cent of the patients and were not associated with a significantly higher rate of recurrence of dislocation. One hundred and twelve patients used an immobilization device for three to four weeks, while 104 patients began to use the shoulder as early and as freely as possible. At the two-year follow-up the groups showed an equal rate of recurrence of dislocation. In the age group of twenty-two years or younger nearly 50 per cent of the patients had one or more recurrences, regardless of treatment. In the two older age groups (twenty-three to twenty-nine and thirty to forty years old), the incidence of recurrence was 25 per cent or less.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Primary dislocation of the shoulder. Factors affecting the two-year prognosis.

Two hundred fifty-five patients with 257 primary dislocations of the shoulder were followed up for two years +/- 15 days in a multicenter study in Sweden. In patients 22 years of age or younger, there was a 47% recurrence rate. The corresponding figures for patients 23-29 and 30-40 years of age were 28% and 13%, respectively. The greatest risk for recurrence was in patients 17-19 years of age, 53% of whom had at least one recurrence. Such factors as sex, type of trauma, or physical activities did not enter into the prognosis. Spontaneously appearing dislocations were found most often in patients 22 years of age or younger--14% as compared with 1% in patients 30-40 years of age. The incidence of bilateral dislocations was greatest in patients 23-29 years of age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Spinal analgesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine: effects of volume of solution.

The effects of 0.5% bupivacaine 1.5, 2 and 3 ml in 8% glucose was compared in a double-blind study involving 30 patients undergoing spinal analgesia. The time to the onset of maximum segmental spread of analgesia was approximately 15 min for all three volumes. Cephalad spread of analgesia was related to the volume used: 1.5 ml reached T10, 2 ml T8 and 3 ml T7. The duration of analgesia increased with increasing volume, 3 ml producing analgesia in T8-T12 for 1.5-2 h, and in the lumbar region for 2.5-3 h. Increasing the volume increased the extent of motor blockade and speeded up its onset. Significant decreases in arterial pressure were observed in the 2- and 3-ml groups. The changes in heart rate were moderate and not correlated with the amount of drug. Spinal headache occurred in two patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Life-supporting first aid self-training.

The authors studied the acquisition of life-supporting first aid knowledge and skills by 230 lay people in self-training group instruction without qualified first aid instructors and self-training at home. The self-training course consisted of audiotape-recorded instructions, flipover charts, an instruction booklet, first aid materials and a "Resusci Anne" training mannikin. The same instruction booklet and first aid materials were used for self-training at home. The two teaching systems were equally effective in providing theoretical first aid knowledge, but the course proved superior in teaching practical skills.

Adolescent↗