1. Gastric acid secretion has been studied in the rat before, during and after pregnancy using different types of stomach preparation. During the same periods the histamine-forming capacity (HFC) has been determined in gastric mucosa and mammary gland.2. In rats with a whole stomach fistula interdigestive acid secretion is increased during pregnancy and lactation.3. In rats with a denervated chronic pouch secretory response to stimulation with gastrin and histamine is augmented during pregnancy and lactation.4. The histamine forming capacity (HFC) of the gastric mucosa is increased 2-3 times during the last days of pregnancy and also during lactation.5. The HFC of the mammary gland is increased 2-3 times during lactation as compared with the fully developed gland in pregnancy.

Animals↗

PubMed1966

Intestinal endometriosis.

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Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Metastatic complications of Staphylococcus aureus septicemia. To seek is to find.

Improvement in the high mortality from Staphylococcus aureus septicemia must address the individualized treatment (surgery and/or prolonged antibiotic treatment) of metastatic complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of a comprehensive diagnostic monitoring for metastatic complications in S. aureus septicemia. 68 consecutive patients with S. aureus septicemia were prospectively followed. The performance rate and results of chest X-ray, echocardiography, bone scintigraphy and leukocyte scintigraphy are described. Metastatic complications were found in 53% of the 68 patients, endocarditis in 26%. Positive findings resulted in surgical intervention in 23 patients. The total mortality defined as all deaths within 12 weeks was 24%; 81% of the deceased were > or = 60 years of age. Non-endocarditis patients with peripheral septic metastases had good prognosis. An active monitoring for metastatic complications in S. aureus septicemia is a necessary prerequisite for optimizing treatment and to improve survival rate.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cutaneous vasomotor responses in young type I diabetic patients.

Abnormal skin temperature reactions have been reported in type I diabetic patients. Whether this is due to a primary vascular disturbance or autonomic neuropathy is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify this issue by evaluating cutaneous circulatory reactions before and after provocation. Seventeen type I diabetic patients and 17 age-matched controls were studied by recording blood flow (laser Doppler technique) on the dorsum of the hand (before, during, and after arterial occlusion), blood flow and skin temperatures on the dorsum of the foot and on the toe (before and after cooling followed by indirect body heating) and autonomic nerve function (heart rate reaction to deep breathing and to tilting). The results showed that before [4.6 +/- 0.5 perfusion units (PU) versus 6.1 +/- 0.7 PU; p = 0.0356] and after arterial occlusion (17.5 +/- 1.6 PU versus 25.3 +/- 1.7 PU; p = 0.0024), hand skin blood flow was significantly lower in patients than in controls. On the dorsum of the foot, skin temperatures was significantly lower in patients than in controls before cooling (29.2 degrees C +/- 0.3 degrees C versus 30.5 degrees C +/- 0.4 degrees C; p = 0.0107) whereas toe temperature and toe blood flow were similar before and after cooling in patients and controls. After body heating, however, toe temperature (after 30 min: 25.2 degrees C +/- 1.4 degrees C versus 30.9 degrees C +/- 1.2 degrees C; p = 0.0022) and toe blood flow (after 30 min: 10.9 +/- 2.5 degrees C versus 22.9 +/- 4.9 PU; p = 0.0313) were significantly lower in patients than in controls, especially in patients with parasympathetic neuropathy (i.e., patients with abnormal heart rate reactions to deep breathing). In conclusion, type I diabetic patients demonstrated a vascular disturbance in their skin that seemed to be exaggerated by parasympathetic neuropathy.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Relationships among glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria, and autonomic nerve function in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

The associations among autonomic neuropathy, urinary albumin excretion, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measured with 51Cr-EDTA and iohexol clearance were studied in 41 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 15 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The study showed that increased urinary albumin excretion was more common in NIDDM than in IDDM. In contrast with IDDM, albuminuria in NIDDM was not related to GFR. Autonomic neuropathy was common in IDDM as well as in NIDDM, and also in patients without nephropathy, but was not connected with hyperfiltration. Low brake index, an ortostatic autonomic index, was associated with nephropathy in NIDDM. Iohexol, a non-ionic contrast medium, was found to be a useful alternative to 51Cr-EDTA for determination of GFR. Moreover, comparison between conventional four-sample plasma clearance and single-sample clearance showed a close correlation. Accordingly, assessment of GFR using a single plasma sample provides reliable results even at high GFR values.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cerebral blood flow in white matter is correlated with systolic blood pressure and EEG in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

The presence and functional significance of white matter lesions in the ageing brain and in dementia as well as their relation to blood pressure are often discussed. The aim of this study was to evaluate cerebral blood flow in white matter (WMCBF) and its relation to systemic blood pressure and multichannel EEG. WMCBF was measured in 24 elderly women with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT, median age 85.5, range 68-93) and 20 age-matched controls (median age 86.0, range 79-93) using 99mTc-HMPAO single photon emission CT. A significant low WMCBF could be observed in all analysed regions in SDAT subjects compared to controls, with the greatest decline in the posterior region (parietotemporo-occipital area). Correlations between quantified EEG from the posterior regions and WMCBF were seen. Systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the SDAT group and was positively correlated with WMCBF in the posterior and anterior brain regions. Whether low systemic blood pressure is the result of crerebral dysfunction is unclear.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A study of regional cerebral blood flow using 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT in elderly women with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type.

Thirteen women with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) according to NINCDS-ADRDA and 21 age-matched control women, aged 75-96 years, were investigated with clinical examination, dementia rating scales and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HM-PAO) as a tracer of regional cortical blood flow. The aim was to study whether typical SPECT findings of SDAT were seen also in the very old having the disease for a longer period. Neuropsychological assessment with vocabulary and spatial tests was performed in the control women, and the results were divided in three subgroups, normal, borderline and abnormal. Regional perfusion values, expressed as a ratio between cortical and cerebellar HM-PAO uptake, were lower in frontal, temporoparietal and occipital cortices in SDAT patients than in controls. The SDAT patients had the lowest uptake in the posterior temporoparietal region (0.67 +/- 0.06) and the corresponding value in the controls (0.79 +/- 0.05) differed significantly, p < 0.0001. The interhemispheric ratio between right and left posterior temporoparietal regions was 0.99 +/- 0.05. Nine of the control women (43%) had pathological SPECT with hemispheric asymmetries in 6 cases and bilateral temporooccipital reductions in 3 women. The neuropsychological assessment matched the findings in 7 of these women. One of the control women was judged as pathological and 10 women as borderline according to the spatial and vocabulary tests. Four of the 10 women with borderline results had normal SPECT. The sensitivity of the assessment to detect abnormalities compared to SPECT was 78% if borderline and abnormal results were expressed as true-positive cases. The specificity was 67%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomic neuropathy in diabetes mellitus: a follow-up study.

To evaluate the development of autonomic neuropathy, 23 patients with a moderate (group A) and 18 patients with a long (group B) duration of diabetes and without symptoms of autonomic neuropathy were re-investigated 6 yr after the initial studies. Autonomic nerve function was evaluated from heart reactions to deep breathing (E/I ratio) and to a rapid 90 degrees tilt (acceleration and brake indices). Symptoms of autonomic neuropathy (SAN) developed in 18 patients (nine in each group) who showed a low mean E/I ratio and brake index in both studies. In group A, but not in group B, patients with SAN showed a decrease in the acceleration index and most SAN patients (8/9) in group A had an abnormal acceleration index in the follow-up study. We conclude that in both groups SAN developed rapidly and was preceded by decreases in E/I ratio and brake index.

Acceleration↗