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Biomedical subjects

B Lilja

Publications and source records attributed to B Lilja.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Salbutamol inhalation in chronic asthma bronchiale: dose aerosol vs jet nebulizer.

The effect of inhalation of 5 mg of salbutamol by a jet nebulizer and 0.3 mg from a metered aerosol was compared in 20 patients with chronic asthma. Half the patients, randomly selected, received one treatment method on day one and the other on day two. A battery of lung function tests suitable for detecting large and small airways obstruction showed only insignificantly more pronounced bronchodilatation after the use of the jet nebulizer. Neither was a better dilation of small airways with this method obvious. It is concluded that the higher dose by jet-nebulizer is only clinically motivated when the patients cannot perform the deep inhalations and breathholding necessary for efficient use of the dose aerosol.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Abnormal diastolic blood pressure and heart rate reactions to tilting in diabetes mellitus.

The orthostatic reaction to tilting was studied in 46 diabetics without symptoms of autonomic neuropathy and in 31 age-matched healthy control subjects. After tilting, the diastolic blood pressure rose in the control subject but was unchanged or tended to fall in the diabetics, except in those of short duration without retinopathy. After tilting, the control subjects showed an immediate increase in heart rate with the highest value at 8.4 +/- 1.0 s (mean +/- SEM), followed by a transient decrease with lowest value at 21.2 +/- 0.9 s. The acceleration and brake index measured the changes in heart rate. The brake index was lower in diabetics of short duration with retinopathy (6.9 +/- 1.6) than in those without (14.4 +/- 2.3, P < 0.01) as well as matched control subjects (18.7 +/- 2.5, P 0.01). In the diabetics of long duration no differences were shown between those with or without retinopathy but the accleration (10.3 +/- 1.6 vs 19.9 /!- 2.3, P < 0.05) and the brake index (5.3 +/- 1.4 vs 19.9 +/- 2.3, P < 0.01) were lower in those with vagal neuropathy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Reduction of serum gastrin response to insulin hypoglycemia by selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty in duodenal ulcer patients.

We have previously demonstrated that insulin hypoglycemia releases antral gastrin by a pH sensitive mechanism in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients. The effect of vagotomy per se on the hypoglycemic release of gastrin therefore might be obscured by alterations in antral pH. In the present study on 11 DU patients, the gastric acid response to intravenously administered insulin (0.2 units/kg-1) was determined before and after selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty (SV + PP). In another preoperative and postoperative test on each patient, the serum gastrin test, the serum gastrin response (radioimmunoassay) to insulin was determined during gastric perfusion with citrate-phosphate buffer pH 7.0. By adjusting the perfusion rate, the intragastric pH was maintained at 5.0 or higher. SV + PP abolished the acid response to insulin in four and reduced the response by 80% to 95% in another six patients. Gastric buffer perfusion or SV + PP did not alter the basal serum gastrin level. The increase of serum gastrin level after insulin was significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced by SV + PP. Before operation the integrated serum gastrin response to insulin was significant (P less than 0.01). SV + PP reduced the response to one-third. The effect of SV + PP on the hypoglycemic release of gastrin varied among the patients but no relationship was found to the effect on the acid response, nor to the variations of the volume or pH of the perfusate (pH range, 5.0 to 7.5). It is concluded that insulin hypoglycemia releases antral gastrin by a vagal and probably also by a nonvagal mechanism and that both mechanisms are pH sensitive.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Respiratory influence on heart rate in diabetes mellitus.

To find a simple and accurate test of autonomic nervous dysfunction in diabetes mellitus, 41 insulin-dependent diabetics and 25 controls were investigated. The diabetics, none of whom had symptoms of autonomic dysfunction, were tested for retinopathy and sensory neuropathy. Each subject also performed maximal deep-breathing procedures while undergoing electrocardiographic recording: in normal subjects the intervals are shortened during inspiration and prolonged during expiration, and a difference in the heart rate between inspiration and expiration of 10% or less seems to indicate autonomic dysfunction. This difference was calculated as an E:I ratio of the mean of the longest R-R interval during maximal expiration to the mean of the shortest during maximal inspiration. Ten of the 18 patients found to have sensory neuropathy had abnormal E:I ratios, and among those with absent ankle reflexes the proportion was even higher (9 out of 11). The E:I ratio also seemed to be as accurate as traditional tests for autonomic dysfunction and easier to perform. Diabetics with autonomic dysfunction have an increased risk of acute cardiorespiratory death during and after surgery, and maximal deep breathing and calculation of the E:I ratio may be a useful test to perform on diabetics at risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of nitroglycerin and dipyridamole on acute myocardial infarction: a thermographic study in the dog.

The effects on an acute myocardial infarction of equipotent hypotensive doses of nitroglycerin and dipyridamole were studied using the thermographic technique in open-chest dogs. Nitroglycerin did not reduce the cool ischaemic area in any of the nine dogs studied. In six of the dogs, in which the ischaemic region could be properly measured, the cool area slightly grew in size. Dipyridamole reduced the size of the ischaemic area in all the 20 dogs used. In the 19 in which the size could be adequately digitalised, the decrease in infarction size was statistically significant.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1979

Cardiac blood pool imaging--a clinical comparison between red blood cells labeled with 99mTc in vivo and in vitro and 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin.

In 25 patients undergoing radiocardiographic determination of ventricular function, three methods for blood pool imaging were compared. 99mTc was used to label human serum albumin (HSA) and red blood cells (RBC) in vivo or in vitro. The activity concentration of 99mTc in blood was measured during 2 hrs after injection and a significantly higher concentration was found with RBC compared to HSA already after 15 min. The left ventricular to background count rate ratio was significantly lower for HSA after 90 min compared to RBC. There was no statistical difference in 99mTc activity concentration in blood or in left ventricular to background count rate ratio during the two hrs when the two RBC-labeling procedures were compared. 99mTc-labeled RBC are superior to 99mTc-labeled HSA for gated blood pool studies and especially for repeated determinations of ventricular function. Because the in vivo labeling is the most convenient method it has been adopted as the clinical routine at our hospital.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1978

The volume of trapped gas: a new and sensitive test for the detection of exercise-induced bronchospasm in children.

The volume of trapped gas (VTG) was measured at the end of a nitrogen multiple breath wash out procedure in 16 asthmatic and 10 healthy children before and after exercise. When compared to conventional spirometric variables VTG was the most sensitive test for detection of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). The VTG was significantly higher before exercise in the asthmatic children and increased significantly after exercise, while it did not change in the healthy controls. The significance of changes caused by EIA increased if VTG/TLC % or VTG/VC % wer used. Salbutamol inhalation normalized the VTG in all the asthmatic children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Changes in volume of trapped gas in the lungs during provoked asthma followed by beta-2 receptor stimulation.

The volume of trapped gas (VTG) that could be mobilized by maximal breaths at the end of a nitrogen washout to 2% N2 was measured in 11 subjects with a history of asthma before and after provocation with specific allergens. The change after salbutamol was also measured. VTG was found to be more specific and sensitive for demonstrating early bronchospasm than changes in FEV1, VC or nitrogen washout. Salbutamol relieved all symptoms of bronchospasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of oxygen on acute myocardial infarction: a thermographic study in the dog.

An acute myocardial infarction was created in a series of dogs by ligation of a branch from the left anterior descending coronary artery. The effects on the infarction with 100% oxygen were studied by thermography in 23 animals. The changes in the infarction size were registered on polaroid photographs. In 10 dogs the infarction showed a uniform cool area, permitting accurate measurement by cutting out and weighing the black, infarcted area from the photographs. During oxygen administration 2 dogs showed a considerable increase in the cool area and 6 other dogs a moderate but significant increase. The remaining 2 dogs in this group showed non-significant change in the infarcted area. In the other 13 animals the cool area was not sufficiently uniform to allow accurate measurement. However, all the dogs in this group, except one, presented a visable increase of the cool area of varying degree. High oxygen supply does not seem to have a favourable effect on an experimentally induced acute myocardial infarction. It is known to promote a lowering of the coronary artery perfusion pressure. In addition to this, it may somehow decrease the arterial supply from the vascular bed round the ischaemic area.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Respiratory function in esophageal hiatus hernia. I. Spirometry, gas distribution, and arterial blood gases.

As a part of a preoperative investigation, spirometry and blood gas tensions were studied in 64 subjects with X-ray-verified hiatus hernia (34 sliding, 22 mixed, and 8 of paraesophageal variety). According to the transverse diameter of the hernia. They were divided into 3 groups, small (2-5.9 cm), medium (6-9.9 cm), and large (10-17 cm) hernias. No correlation between the size of the hernia, reflux incidence, and spirometric findings could be demonstrated. A significant reduction of the arterial oxygen tension was found in small hernias and in vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) in medium-sized hernias. Significant reduction in MVV was noted in the large hernia group. A common spirometric finding in all groups was a significant increase in residual volume and wash-out volume. The incidence of restrictive or obstructive pulmonary impairment was high in large (39%) and small (32%) hernias and relatively low in medium-sized hernias (8%). Roentgenological fibrosis was not found in any of the patients, while 4 showed emphysematous changes.

Adult↗