Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Lilja

Publications and source records attributed to B Lilja.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Cardiovascular disease in male patients with carotid transient ischemic attacks or minor strokes.

The authors tested the hypothesis that coronary heart disease and lower extremity atherosclerosis occur more frequently in patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) than in patients with minor stroke. Thirty-three consecutive male patients with TIA and 36 with minor stroke from the carotid artery territory were examined with ultrasonography of the cardiac, iliac, and femoral arteries; echocardiography (UCG); electrocardiogram (ECG); thallium scintigraphy (TS) of the myocardium; and assessment of the ankle/arm index (A/AI). TS showed myocardial infarctions to be more common among TIA patients than among minor stroke patients, 54% vs 19%, p = 0.019. UCG showed the frequency of left ventricular and atrial dilatation to be higher in the TIA group than in the minor stroke group, 64% vs 27%, p = 0.0084. Significant artery stenosis (greater than or equal to 50%) was not, however, more frequent in the TIA group than in the minor stroke group, nor was there any significant difference between the groups in A/AI. The frequency of TS-verified myocardial infarction (MI) was higher in the subgroup with greater than or equal to 50% carotid artery stenosis than in that with less than 50% stenosis, 61% vs 25%, p = 0.022, and also higher in the pathological UCG subgroup than in the normal UCG subgroup, 50% vs 15%, p = 0.025. Thus, there was a greater incidence both of TS-verified MI and of UCG-verified cardiac dilatation in the TIA group than in the minor stroke group but no difference between the groups in the degree of atherosclerosis either in the carotid or lower extremity regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Quantitative bone scintigraphy and 24-hour whole-body counting of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Thirty-four patients with prostatic carcinoma were studied with quantitative bone scintigraphy and whole-body counting (WBC) 1 and 24 h after injection of 99mTc-MDP before as well as two weeks and two months after orchiectomy. Thirteen of the patients had normal bone scintigrams and WBR at the three different investigations; 21 had skeletal metastases. The latter showed throughout the study higher local gamma camera count rates as well as WBR values than the patients with normal scintigrams. In these patients a "flare phenomenon", with an increase in count rate two weeks after orchiectomy followed by a decrease two months post-operatively, was seen with quantitative bone scintigraphy but not with WBC. However, WBC may be a valuable method indicating the total extent of skeletal metastases in the body, while quantitative bone scintigraphy is more accurate in the interpretation of individual skeletal metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Pericarditis with pericardial tumor-like manifestations in echocardiographic and magnetic resonance examinations].

A case of acute cardiac insufficiency in a 26 year old woman is described. Ultrasound examination of the pericardium was suspect for an pericardial tumor with pericardial effusion and solid masses of tumor in the fluid. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gave the impression of tumor in the pericardium. Pericardiocentesis showed neither malignant cells nor growth of microorganisms. The patient recovered completely on steroid therapy and control MRI showed anatomic normalisation of the cardiac region. It is concluded that idiopatic peracarditis can mimic pericardial tumor on ultrasound and MRI investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Relationship between 99Tcm-MDP uptake and bone mineral density in patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Seventeen men with prostatic carcinoma were investigated with quantitative bone scintigraphy and quantitative computed X-ray tomography before orchiectomy and up to 6 months after this operation. The uptake of 99Tcm-labelled methylene disphosphonate (99Tcm-MDP) and bone mineral density (BMD) were determined for each vertebra from Th10 to L4. Ten patients had normal scintigrams. No change in MDP uptake or BMD was seen after 6 months in these patients. Of the seven patients with abnormal scintigrams, one patient had a clinical sign of progression with an increase in both MDP uptake and BMD. The remaining six patients showed stable or improved clinical status. For their abnormal vertebrae a decrease in MDP uptake was seen, while BMD varied in different ways after 6 months. For the normal vertebrae in these patients with metastatic involvement, no change in MDP uptake was seen. However, the BMD values showed a decrease, indicating a generalized increase in bone resorption at sites distant from the metastases.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Autonomic nerve antibodies and autonomic nerve function in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.

Complement-fixing adrenal medulla (CF-ADM), sympathetic ganglion (CF-SG), and vagal (CF-V) nerve antibodies were determined in diabetic patients. Among 74 patients with Type 1 diabetes, CF-ADM was detected in 7 (10%) cases, CF-SG in 14 (19%) cases, and CF-V in 8 (11%) cases. Among 38 patients with Type 2 diabetes, CF-ADM was detected in 5 (13%) cases, CF-SG in 4 (11%) cases, and CF-V in 6 (16%) cases. There were associations between autonomic nerve antibodies and autonomic nerve function. CF-ADM and/or CF-SG were significantly (P less than 0.002) less prevalent in Type 1 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy than in those without [5/44 (11%) vs. 14/30 (47%)] and, in agreement with this, the brake index, a sign of parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nerve function, was significantly (P less than 0.005) higher (more normal) in these patients (-0.56 +/- 0.13 vs. -1.04 +/- 0.12). In Type 2 diabetic patients, the E/I ratio, an index of parasympathetic nerve function, was significantly (P less than 0.03) lower (more abnormal) in those with CF-V than in those without (-1.81 +/- 0.17 vs. -1.20 +/- 0.11). In conclusion, the frequency of sympathetic nerve antibodies was decreased in Type 1 diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy, while in Type 2 diabetic patients parasympathetic nerve antibodies were related to severe parasympathetic neuropathy.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1991

High frequency of asymptomatic visual field defects in subjects with transient ischaemic attacks or minor strokes.

The hypothesis that asymptomatic visual field defects can be found in patients with carotid transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) or minor strokes was tested. Twenty-two consecutive male patients with TIA and 18 patients with minor strokes from the carotid artery territory were examined by perimetry, cerebral computerised tomography and regional cerebral blood flow. Asymptomatic visual field defects were found in many TIA and minor stroke patients, 29% (5/17) and 57% (8/14), respectively (NS). Eighty-five per cent (11/13) of the scotomas were solely or predominantly located in the upper part of the visual field (P = 0.008 for absolute defects and P = 0.03 for relative defects). We conclude that both carotid territory TIA and minor stroke patients have a high frequency of asymptomatic visual field defects, predominantly located in the upper part of the visual field.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Disturbed autonomic nerve function in patients with Crohn's disease.

Autonomic nerve function was evaluated in 33 patients with Crohn's disease (age range, 19-66 years; mean, 36 years) by three established non-invasive tests based on the heart reactions to deep breathing (E/I ratio) and to tilt (acceleration and brake indices). Peripheral nerve function was evaluated neurographically and by measuring thresholds to vibration and temperature changes. None of the patients were diabetic, and all had normal thyroid function. In spite of normal peripheral nerve function, almost half of the patients, 48% (16/33), showed signs of autonomic neuropathy (AN). The occurrence of AN was not related to duration or severity of Crohn's disease or to biochemical evidence of inflammation or malabsorption of vitamins and trace elements. We conclude that autonomic nerve dysfunction is a feature of Crohn's disease which may be relevant with regard to the frequent disturbance in bowel function in patients with this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Additional information from quantitative 24-hour 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy in patients with prostatic carcinoma.

Quantitative bone scintigraphy was performed at 4 and 24 h after injection of 99mTc-MDP. The lower thoracic and all the lumbar vertebrae were recorded in 37 patients with prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy as well as two weeks, two and six months postoperatively. Fourteen patients had normal bone scintigrams. By means of the measured variation in the count rate between normal vertebrae, the criterion for a vertebra to be considered as abnormal was determined using the 4 h-uptake values. For patients with normal scintigrams the count rate at 24 h was below the 4 h level and the mean 24 h/4 h ratio was determined to be 0.85 +/- 0.09 (1 SD). Normal vertebrae in patients with skeletal metastases had only slightly lower count rate values at 24 h than at 4 h. Abnormal vertebrae showed a higher count rate at 24 h, especially two weeks postoperatively, while a tendency towards lower values than at 4 h was seen after 6 months. If the 24 h/4 h ratio is used as an extra criterion to the count rate at 4 h, the vertebrae will be more accurately defined as normal or abnormal.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Markers for development of hypertension in commercial flight aviators.

In order to discover markers for the development of cardiovascular disease and hypertension, we studied systolic and diastolic blood pressure, ECG, and heart rate before, during and after exercise; body mass index (BMI); serum cholesterol; and smoking habits in 183 male aviators (mean age 41 years at commencement, and 55 at follow-up). Those developing cardiovascular disease had an overrepresentation of smokers but the disease could not be related to any other variable. By contrast we found the following independent markers for prediction of future hypertension in normotensive aviators: increased BMI, increased diastolic blood pressure at 50 W, low heart rate at maximal exercise and smoking. Of these markers high diastolic blood pressure and low heart rate during exercise are new. Subjects with initially elevated blood pressure who did not develop hypertension decreased their diastolic blood pressure after exercise in contrast to those developing hypertension.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1991

Leg showering therapy in patients with intermittent claudication.

Ten patients with intermittent claudication were treated using a recently constructed "chair" in which the seated patient has alternately warm and cool water flushed over the legs and feet. A trial treatment was given for 25 minutes, three times a week for 5 weeks. Ankle/arm index, skin perfusion pressure and calf blood flow all remained unchanged immediately after such a series of treatment. Even at follow-up 6 months later, values were unchanged but for a minute increase in ankle/arm index in the poorer leg. Walking capacity was additionally measured and an improvement was seen, also after 6 months. The role of the contrast temperature treatment in this improvement is, however, unclear.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system before and during submaximal bicycle exercise in relation to circulatory catecholamines in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.

To evaluate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in relation to circulatory catecholamines, we determined renin activity, angiotensin II, aldosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline in plasma before and during a submaximal bicycle exercise test in 23 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (aged 19-57 years, mean 37; duration of diabetes 2-32 years, mean 16), 17 with signs of cardiac autonomic neuropathy, and in 18 healthy non-diabetic subjects (aged 24-41 years, mean 29). At rest, Type 1 diabetic patients showed significantly lower aldosterone values than control subjects (0.14 +/- 0.02 nmol/l and 0.22 +/- 0.02 nmol/l; p less than 0.01) while renin activity (1.0 +/- 0.1 nmol.l-1.h-1 and 0.9 +/- 0.1 nmol.l-1.h-1) and angiotensin II (14 +/- 1 nmol/l and 18 +/- 2 nmol/l) did not differ significantly between patients and control subjects. During exercise, increments (increase from the resting value to the value at 80% of maximal working capacity) in renin (1.5 +/- 0.4 nmol.l-1.h-1 and 3.7 +/- 0.5 nmol.l-1.h-1; p less than 0.001), angiotensin II (28 +/- 8 nmol/l and 60 +/- 8 nmol/l; p less than 0.001), aldosterone (0.16 +/- 0.04 nmol/l and 0.25 +/- 0.05 nmol/l; p less than 0.05), adrenaline (1.96 +/- 0.49 nmol/l and 2.92 +/- 0.51 nmol/l; p less than 0.05), and noradrenaline (12.01 +/- 1.25 nmol/l and 18.74 +/- 1.45 nmol/l; p less than 0.01) were significantly lower in the patients than in control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Dynamic quantitative bone scintigraphy in patients with prostatic carcinoma treated by orchiectomy.

Dynamic quantitative bone scintigraphy was performed on 31 men with prostatic carcinoma before orchiectomy as well as 2 weeks, 2 and 6 months postoperatively. After injection of technetium methylene diphosphonate Tc 99m (99mTc-MDP) the count rate was recorded as serial images over the lower thoracic and all the lumbar vertebrae from 1 to 240 min post-injection. Thirteen men had normal bone scintigrams with no changes in 99mTc-MDP content at the four different investigation times. Eighteen men had skeletal metastases. Throughout the study half of the abnormal vertebrae in these patients showed an abnormal count rate after only 6 min post-injection. After 1 h it was possible in almost all abnormal vertebrae to predict abnormal bone uptake. In response to therapy a "flare phenomenon" with an increase in count rate was seen 2 weeks after orchiectomy followed by a decrease 2 months postoperatively in most of the abnormal vertebrae. The count rate decreased even below the pre-operative level after 6 months. Also, the normal vertebrae in the patients with skeletal metastases showed a tendency towards the flare phenomenon, which was not seen in patients with normal bone scintigrams.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Autonomic neuropathy in non-insulin dependent (type II) diabetes mellitus. Possible influence of obesity.

To assess the prevalence of autonomic neuropathy (AN) in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and its relationships with other diabetic complications, duration of diabetes, and obesity, we evaluated 51 NIDDM patients (age 41-59 years, mean 49 years, duration of diabetes 0-15 years, mean 6.9 years). AN tests included a deep breathing test (E/I ratio) and an orthostatic tilt table test (acceleration and brake (25 of 51, 49%) and the most frequent disturbance was an impaired E/I ratio (18 of 25; 72%). There were no obvious correlations between AN indices and the duration of diabetes, symptoms of AN, peripheral neuropathy or retinopathy. However, an influence of obesity on AN was suggested. Patients with AN showed a significantly higher BMI than patients without AN (31.0 +/- 0.9 vs. 27.5 +/- 0.8; P less than 0.01).

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Acute effects of doxazosin and atenolol on smoking-induced peripheral vasoconstriction in hypertensive habitual smokers.

The acute effects of selective alpha 1 inhibition with doxazosin (0.5-0.7 mg intravenously) and beta 1-blockade with atenolol (0.1 mg/kg body weight, intravenously) on smoking-induced peripheral vasoconstriction were investigated in 24 hypertensive habitual smokers. Forearm blood flow was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography and skin blood flow was estimated by thermography and laser doppler flowmetry. After the patients had smoked two cigarettes, plasma adrenaline elevations were similar under basal conditions and after drug administration; plasma noradrenaline remained unchanged. The smoking-induced increase in the heart rate was attenuated by atenolol compared with basal values. The smoking-induced increase in systolic blood pressure was more marked after atenolol and doxazosin (P less than 0.05) than before the drug administration. The smoking-induced increase in diastolic blood pressure was enhanced by atenolol (P less than 0.05) but unchanged by doxazosin. Smoking increased forearm vascular resistance under basal conditions (P less than 0.05) and after atenolol (P less than 0.01) but not after doxazosin. Similarly, skin temperature was significantly reduced by smoking under basal conditions and after the administration of atenolol (P less than 0.001) but not doxazosin. The smoking-induced reduction in skin blood flow was attenuated by doxazosin compared with atenolol (P less than 0.05). Thus, smoking-induced muscular and cutaneous vasoconstriction was inhibited by doxazosin as opposed to atenolol in hypertensive habitual smokers. This may reflect unmasked beta-adrenoceptor mediated vasodilation in addition to attenuated alpha 1-adrenoceptor mediated vasoconstriction.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed1990

Preoperative localization in unilateral parathyroid surgery. A cost-benefit study on ultrasound, computed tomography and scintigraphy.

In 50 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, investigation before initial neck exploration included ultrasonography, computed tomography and 99technetium-201thallium subtraction scintigraphy. The sensitivity for correct preoperative localization was 50%, 54% and 56%, respectively. There was marked inter-observer variation in assessment of ultrasonography and computed tomography, while scintigrams were evaluated by only one person. The scintigraphic sensitivity increased with size of the glands. In cases where correct preoperative localization permitted unilateral parathyroidectomy, the time for surgery and anesthesia was significantly reduced. A cost-benefit analysis, however, revealed that the financial saving from this time reduction was outweighed by the cost of the localization procedures. The authors conclude that investigations for definition of enlarged parathyroid glands are not indicated prior to unilateral parathyroidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Esophageal and jejunal motor function after total gastrectomy and Roux-Y esophagojejunostomy.

Emptying and peristaltic activity of the esophagus and proximal jejunum were studied using scintigraphy and fluoroscopy documented on videotape in 11 patients after total gastrectomy and Roux-Y loop reconstruction. Impaired esophageal motor function, as judged by both methods, was seen in five patients who were all 50 years of age or older. This was in contrast to the findings in a group of healthy control subjects, all over 50 years of age, in whom esophageal function appeared normal on scintigraphy in five of seven. Disturbed jejunal function, as judged by radiography, was found in eight patients, whereas the emptying rate according to scintigraphy was judged normal in all but two patients. Five of the patients complained of various adverse alimentary tract symptoms, but the scintigraphic and radiographic findings did not correlate with these symptoms.

Adult↗