Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Law

Publications and source records attributed to B Law.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The use of competitive displacement agents to resolve albumin binding problems observed during the development of a radioimmunoassay for ICI 215001.

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the analysis of ICI 215001, a carboxylic acid metabolite of ICI D7114. The level of binding and sensitivity of the assay were good in the absence of plasma. However, the addition of plasma to the incubation medium reduced the antibody binding of radiolabelled tracer (I) from 41 to 9%. This was attributed to the high (> 99%) plasma albumin binding of ICI 215001. A series of compounds (DL-tryptophan, octanoic acid, bilirubin, ponalrestat, warfarin, phenylbutazone and salicylic acid) which all bind to plasma albumin, were examined for their effect on the tracer-antibody interaction. Warfarin and phenylbutazone were the only compounds to specifically displace the iodinated tracer from albumin; warfarin was the only compound to restore antibody binding to control levels. The warfarin concentration and the pH of the incubation medium also had a substantial effect on the magnitude of the displacement. The optimized method for the analysis of ICI 215001 in human plasma (20 microliters) used phosphate buffer (pH 6.0, 0.1 M) containing warfarin (50 micrograms ml-1), which gave an assay with the desired specificity, precision and sensitivity.

Adrenergic beta-Agonists↗
PubMed1993

The use of ultraviolet spectra and chromatographic retention data as an aid to metabolite identification.

Phenoxypropanolamines and their putative 4-hydroxy metabolites have been chromatographed using reversed-phase HPLC and UV spectra recorded using a linear diode array detector. Analysis of the chromatographic data using the functional group contribution approach allowed peaks to be tentatively characterized as hydroxy metabolites. This characterization was further enhanced by the examination of the UV spectra which showed distinct changes following hydroxylation. Used in combination, the two techniques allow discrimination between the possible isomeric hydroxy metabolites. The chromatographic and spectral changes observed with the relatively complex phenoxypropanolamines can be successfully modelled using simple compounds to further facilitate identification.

Anisoles↗
PubMed1992

Fundamental studies in reversed-phase liquid-solid extraction of basic drugs; III: Sample matrix effects.

Using a set of 13 basic solutes (including a quarternary ammonium compound) with controlled pKa, log P and plasma protein binding, the factors which influence the extraction of these compounds from plasma by reversed-phase liquid-solid extraction have been studied. Direct analysis of plasma, avoiding deproteination, etc., is possible providing the sample is applied to the cartridge under the appropriate conditions. These conditions are dictated by the degree of plasma protein binding and are controlled and predicted from the lipophilicity of the compound. Plasma samples containing lipophilic compounds (log D(pH 7.4) > 2.03) require acidification and samples containing more polar compounds (log D(pH 7.4) < 0.9) should be applied untreated. Failure to use the appropriate conditions can result in significant losses from the cartridge on application or washing. In the intermediate lipophilicity range the optimal application conditions cannot be predicted. The effect of various aqueous-organic wash solvents have been investigated, and it was found that the cationic but not the proteinaceous components of plasma also affect the extraction process. This phenomenon which is probably due to an attenuation of the secondary cation exchange mechanism, results in more facile elution than when compounds are applied in water.

Atenolol↗
PubMed1991

Demonstration of the compatibility of narrow-bore packed column high-performance liquid chromatography with conventional detection systems.

A number of commercially available high-performance liquid chromatography detectors fitted with conventionally sized flow cells (4.5 to 14 microliters) have been evaluated for use for narrow-bore (1-3 mm i.d.) packed columns. Contrary to the popular misconception, small flow cell volume (and consequently short path length) does not appear to be a prerequisite for successful use of narrow-bore columns. The 1 mm i.d. columns when used with certain detectors gave up to a 17-fold increase in sensitivity, compared with conventional 4.6 mm i.d. columns. This work, which was carried out using conventional injection volumes (50 microliters), shows that narrow-bore HPLC columns can be used in most laboratories to significant advantage without costly conversion of existing equipment.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1991

A case of insect borne tularemia above the tree line.

A case of insect borne transmission of ulceroglandular tularemia in Canada above the tree line is presented. It seems likely from the available entomological data that a mosquito was the vector in this case. Mosquito vectors may be important in inducing the high seroprevalence of antibodies to F. tularensis above the treeline. This case is presented to make clinicians aware of the possibility of tularemia in cases of insect borne ulceroglandular disease in the arctic and, the necessity of measuring tularemia agglutinins in these patients. It should be noted that isolation of this organism poses a risk to laboratory personnel, and therefore should only be attempted in a reference laboratory. Therefore the diagnosis is based upon the finding, in the appropriate clinical context, of a four-fold rise in the tularemia agglutinins, or a single convalescent titre of 1:160 or greater.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a pediatric hospital--how it got away and how we caught it.

An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) occurred in a hospital without endemic MRSA, following the transfer of a patient colonized by MRSA from another hospital known to have a problem with endemic MRSA. Despite initial appropriate isolation and therapy to eradicate colonization of the organism, the index child relapsed 10 weeks after the last prior positive culture. Simultaneously, the organism was isolated from two other patients on the same ward, and subsequently at surgery from one child transferred to the neonatal intensive care nursery. Antimicrobial therapy for urinary tract infection likely impaired earlier identification of MRSA in the index case. Suppression with mupirocin rather than eradication may have resulted in inappropriate early discontinuation of infection control precautions. Control of the outbreak and eradication of the organism from all patients was successful after intensive surveillance and control measures, including strict isolation and cohorting. This outbreak suggests that infection control precautions and intensive screening of contacts, as well as positive cases, may be effective for control and eradication of MRSA from health care facilities with recent introduction of an epidemic strain.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Chromatographic retention relationships between aliphatic tertiary amines and their putative N-oxide metabolites--preliminary results.

The chromatography of a series of tertiary amines and the corresponding N-oxides have been studied and the Functional Group Contribution Approach used to describe retention correlations between them. Good correlations are observed between the behaviour of compounds on HPLC and with the exception of some alicyclic nitrogen compounds also on thin layer chromatography. The models produced are used to predict k' and Rf values for ranitidine N-oxide and tamoxifen N-oxide based upon those for the parent molecule. The deviation between actual and predicted values was larger than expected, presumably due to the structural or physico-chemical differences of ranitidine and tamoxifen compared to the model compounds.

Amines↗
PubMed1990

Group A streptococcal pharyngeal carriage, pharyngitis, and impetigo in two northern Canadian native communities.

The prevalence of pharyngeal carriage of group A streptococci, streptococcal pharyngitis, and impetigo was determined in schoolchildren in two northern communities, one Inuit (mean number of schoolchildren surveyed, 233) and one native Indian (mean number of schoolchildren surveyed, 349). At three surveys from November 1984 to May 1985, pharyngeal group A streptococcal carriage was 5.3%, 22%, and 34% in the Inuit community and 5.3%, 5.1% and 10% in the native Indian, with impetigo prevalence 1.6%, 3.8% and 1.0%, and 2.4%, 4.2% and 0.6%, respectively. Increased pharyngeal carriage correlated with the increasing number of household residents and the lower school grade. In 12 months of observation the incidence of group A streptococcal pharyngitis was 49/100 schoolchildren for the Inuit and 9.4/100 for the native Indian community, with impetigo 13/100 and 11/100 respectively. The maximal incidence of pharyngitis was late winter in the Inuit community and midsummer in the native Indian. The incidence of impetigo peaked in January for both communities. M and T typing showed consecutive outbreaks of different serotypes in the Inuit community, but a persistent low level of endemic infection in the Indian community. These observations suggest a seasonal prevalence of group A streptococcal pharyngeal carriage consistent with other North American populations, but marked inter-community variation in pharyngeal carriage and disease. The midwinter peak of impetigo appears unique to these populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Short-course antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infections in children. A methodological review of the literature.

We performed a methodological review of 14 published clinical trials of short-course (less than or equal to 4 days) vs conventional (seven to ten days) antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection in children. Four reviewers independently assessed each study, without knowledge of authorship, according to 35 criteria, 14 of which were considered critical for this type of study. Reviewer ratings were summed so that any study could receive a potential score of 140 for all criteria and 56 for the critical criteria. Only one study met more than 75% of all the criteria, whereas four studies met 75% of critical criteria. Two studies found short-course antibiotic therapy significantly less effective than conventional therapy. The remaining 12 had insufficient sample size to warrant the conclusion that the two therapies were equivalent. We conclude that there is insufficient evidence to warrant the use of short-course antibiotic therapy for urinary tract infection in children and that a much larger study, with attention to some of the details described, is warranted.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗