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Biomedical subjects

B Laurent

Publications and source records attributed to B Laurent.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Human glomerulonephritis and persistent non-polio enterovirus infection.

In a prospective work, we have studied the non-polio enterovirus (NPEV) excretion in spot urine and stools by four appropriate cell cultures, in four different groups: 20 exposed controls (GI), 88 patients with renal biopsy 'proven GN' (GII), 38 cases with 'proven nonGN' (GIII), and 9 with 'probable nonGN' (GIV). The positive excretion in stools and/or urine is respectively 0 and 5% in Group I, 14 and 33% in Group II, 6 and 19% in Group III, and 13 and 22% in Group IV. Viruria, the consequence of a viraemia, is therefore associated with 'proven GN' (p less than 0.05). In the majority of patients with positive NPEV excretion, we have made an additional but similar study, 3-12 months later. Persistent excretion was confirmed in 22/30 cases in Group II (73%) versus 0/8 in Group III-IV (p less than 0.001). These data concerned patients with membranoproliferative GN [5], membranous GN [6], mesangial IgA GN [6], endocapillary GN [2] or minimal lesions [3]. Thus we have demonstrated a significant relation between persistent NPEV urine/stools excretion and the occurrence of active GN in humans. Such persistent viral infections may represent the cause of some GN, probably mediated by an immune complex mechanism with viral antigens.

Enterovirus↗
PubMed1979

Identification of CSF leakage by immunofixation.

The use of immunofixation for identification of the presence of CSF by demonstrating its two electrophoretically separate bands of transferrin has proved to be a valid and rather simple method, particularly when the samples obtained from the nose or ear are very small and contaminated.

Blood Protein Electrophoresis↗
PubMed1979

[Preoperative arrhythmias in ophthalmological surgery].

Continuous ECG recording (Holter technique) was carried out in 25 patients undergoing similar ophtalmological surgery for retinal detachment. The patients were selected at random and divided into two groups. Premedication (alimemazine 25 mg. atropine 0.5 mg given one hour before the operation) and induction (penthiobarbital 4 mg.kg-1 and succinylcholine iodide 1 mg.kg-1) were given in the same way. General anaesthesia was maintained in Group I (n = 12) with halothane and in group II (n = 13) using neuroleptanalgesia. There was no significant difference in the percentage of arrhythmias between the two groups. There was a remarkablly high prevalence of sinus bradycardia and ventricular pauses (8/25). The respective role of atropine and of retrobulbar local anaesthesia in prevention is discussed in the light of data from the literature. If arrhythmias occurring at the time of intubation are included, the total percentage of rhythm disturbances was 80 p. 100 (20/25).

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1979

[Six new serotypes of "Flavobacterium meningosepticum" (author's transl)].

Six new serotypes (G to L) of Flavobacterium meningosepticum are described herein. Cross-reactions between the 12 serotypes, A to L (including the 6 serotypes A to F of Owen and Lapage, 1974) are described. Sixty-six strains isolated in France (61 from Strasbourg) belong to the following serotypes (with number of strains): A (1), F (4), G (51), H (1), I (1), J (6), K (1) and L (1). Use of meningosepticum serotyping is recommended as an epidemiological tool.

Flavobacterium↗
PubMed1979

[Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. A case with a prolonged course in an adult. Isolation and characteristics of a "defective" measles virus (author's transl)].

A 33-year-old man had a 6-year history of clinical signs suggesting multiple sclerosis : visual lesion at 27 years of age, cerebellar and visual disturbances at 31, which partly regressed, lymphocytosis and increased-gammaglobulin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Biological and anatomical (optical and ultrastructural) examinations gave results typical of a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. A cytopathogenic measles virus was isolated from a cerebral biopsy specimen. The agent was transmissable to vero cells by co-culture but infectivity was always related to the cells and was therefore an incomplete viral infection. Virus-like particles were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm after electron microscopy examination of the co-cultures. Biochemical tests demonstrated that the viral proteins were all synthesized except hemagglutinin, which is a characterist abnormality of a "defective" measles virus.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Replacement solutions and hemodilution].

By definition, haemodilution involves the use of filling solutions, but in this technique the role of different solutions has yet to be clearly defined. Amongst the criteria of choice used at the present time, two would seem to be essential: good tolerance, limiting the risks of complication and side effects to an absolute minimum; and a sufficiently long intravascular half-life ensuring good control of blood volume. On this basis, amongst the crystalloids Ringer lactate offers definite advantages. It is almost always used in association with a colloidal solution, very often human albumin or a dextran.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1976

[Striato-nigral degeneration. A propos of 2 anatomo-clinical cases].

Two sporadic cases of striato-nigral degeneration were characterized by the onset at the age of 61 of an akinetic-hypertonic syndrome and of a minimal or absent rest tremor, with a pyramidal syndrome, sphincter disorders, dysphonia, difficulty in swallowing and an unfavorable development in the space of two or three years not affected by L-Dopa. In one case, total insomnia was demonstrated by means of 3 polygraphic recordings during the night, two of them consecutive, and aprobenecide test showed a definite fall in H.V.A. and 5 H.I.A.A. in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. Anatomical verification showed, in one case, isolated putamino-nigral degeneration, and in the other associated with lesions of the olivo-cerebellopontine system. Much of the excess pigmentation found only in the putamen was melanotic in character and resulted perhaps from the striato-nigral degeneration, making it possible to classify this more accurately among the other multisystem degenerations, especially olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy and Shy-Drager syndrome

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1975

Alteration of membrane integrity by delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol.

Delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol was found to be a potent inhibitor of some membrane-bound enzymes, such as Mg-ATPase, Na-K-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase. At a given concentration, the degree of inhibition varied for each enzyme; the inhibition was more pronounced for the enzymes that are parts of the membranes. As the kinetic parameters of these enzymes are functions of the membrane composition and organization, these parameters were studied in vitro in the presence of THC. Although the Mg-ATPase was inhibited by THC, there was no change in the allosteric behaviour of the enzyme, indicating that the alterations caused by THC did not affect the enzymatic structure. The Na-K-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase had a different allosteric behaviour as compared to controls; these modifications were like the alterations caused by the decrease in membrane fluidity. These results suggest the fact that THC is incorporated in the membranes and causes alterations in the physical organization of the membranes.

Acetylcholinesterase↗