[Hemodialysis cured severe lactic acidosis caused by metformin treatment].
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Acidosis, Lactic↗
Biomedical subjects
B Larsson
Publications and source records attributed to B Larsson.
Localization and activity of nitric oxide synthases in the gastrointestinal tract of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice.
Chagas' disease, caused by the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi, is associated with gastrointestinal abnormalities. Since nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a factor influencing intestinal function we evaluated the distributions and activities of the NO synthase (NOS) isoforms, in the gut of mice infected with T. cruzi. Ca2+-dependent (NOS1/NOS3) activity was decreased, whereas Ca2+-independent (NOS2) activity was increased in infected mice. NOS2-immunoreactivity was demonstrated in cells within the muscle layers and epithelium in infected mice and NOS1 immunoreactivity was seen in nerve structures. These data indicate that alterations in the NO-system may be important in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal manifestations in Chagas' disease.
Animals↗
The effect of pH and temperature on the dissociation constant for fura-2 and their effects on [Ca(2+)](i) in enterocytes from a poikilothermic animal, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).
In this study, we investigated the validity of the fluorescent probe fura-2 in determinations of intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)](i)), at physiological temperatures, in poikilothermic animals living at low temperatures. The K(d) for fura-2 was found to decrease with increasing temperature (5-37 degrees C) and DeltaH, in the Van't Hoff isochore equation, was determined to be 11.03 kJ/mol, when pH was corrected to 7.2 for all temperatures tested. The absorption maxima (340 nm) and isobestic point (360 nm) for the UV spectra of fura-2 were not affected by temperature. Thus, if pH- and temperature-dependent changes in K(d) are corrected for, fura-2 is a suitable tool for measurements of [Ca(2+)](i) at temperatures of 5-37 degrees C. The present study demonstrates that Atlantic cod enterocytes, acclimated to 37 degrees C, show a lower basal [Ca(2+)](i) (65 +/- 8 nM) compared to enterocytes acclimated to 10 degrees C (161 +/- 6 nM). Furthermore, addition of 10 mM Ca(2+) increases the [Ca(2+)](i) by 526%, when compared to basal [Ca(2+)](i), in cells at 37 degrees C but only by 36%, in cells kept at 10 degrees C. Thus, performing experiments at unphysiological temperatures results in cellular responses that would not be observed under physiological conditions.
Animals↗
[A case report. Reperfusion in thrombolysis of pulmonary embolism can be measured with capnography].
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Capnography↗
Nationwide survey of antibodies to bovine coronavirus in bulk milk from Swedish dairy herds.
Bulk milk samples from 2236 dairy herds randomly selected throughout Sweden in proportion to region and herd size were analysed for antibodies to bovine coronavirus (BCV) in an ELISA. The results were expressed as optical density (OD) values and an OD > 0.04 was considered positive. Eighty-nine per cent of the samples were antibody-positive and 52 per cent had high levels of antibodies to BCV (an OD > 0.70). There were significantly higher OD values (P < 0.001) and fewer antibody-negative samples (P < 0.001) from larger herds than from smaller herds. There were also significantly higher OD values and fewer antibody-negative samples from herds in southern Sweden than from herds in northern Sweden (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). These results indicate a higher frequency of BCV infections in larger herds and in herds in southern Sweden.
Animals↗
The nitric oxide pathway in pig isolated calyceal smooth muscle.
In pig and humans, whose kidneys have a multi-calyceal collecting system, the initiation of ureteral peristalsis takes place in the renal calyces. In the pig and human ureter, recent evidence suggests that nitric oxide (NO) is an inhibitory mediator that may be involved in the regulation of peristalsis. This study was designed to assess whether the NO synthase/NO/cyclic GMP pathway modulates the motility of pig isolated calyceal smooth muscle. Immunohistochemistry revealed a moderate overall innervation of the smooth muscle layer, and no neuronal or inducible NO synthase (NOS) immunoreactivities. Endothelial NOS immunoreactivities were observed in the urothelium and vascular endothelium, and numerous cyclic GMP-immunoreactive (-IR) calyceal smooth muscle cells were found. As measured by monitoring the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline, Ca(2+)-dependent NOS activity was moderate. Assessment of functional effects was performed in tissue baths and showed that NO and SIN-1 decreased spontaneous and induced contractions of isolated preparations in a concentration-dependent manner. In strips exposed to NO, there was a 10-fold increase of the cyclic GMP levels compared with control preparations (P < 0.01). It is concluded that a non-neuronal NOS/NO/cyclic GMP pathway is present in pig calyces, where it may influence motility. The demonstration of cyclic GMP-IR smooth muscle cells suggests that NO acts directly on these cells. This NOS/NO/cyclic GMP pathway may be a target for drugs inhibiting peristalsis of mammalian upper urinary tract. Neurourol. Urodynam. 18:673-685, 1999.
Animals↗
Social competence and emotional/behaviour problems in 6-16 year-old Swedish school children.
Social competence and emotional/behavioural problems as reported by parents on a Swedish version of the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) were examined in 1308 Swedish school-aged children/adolescents recruited from a stratified, random sample of schools in urban, semirural, and rural areas in Uppsala County, Sweden, and from Stockholm, the capital city of Sweden. The overall response rate was 80.6%. Few gender differences were found, but adolescents received higher problem scores and higher social competence scores than the younger children. Children from the middle SES groups were regarded as having higher social competence levels, and children from the lower SES groups had higher emotional/behaviour problem scores. Children from the larger cities consistently obtained higher problem scores. Those who had received help during the previous year because of psychological problems (2%) had much higher problems scores than those who had not received help. The levels of emotional/behavioural problems in children and adolescents in the present sample seem to be comparable to those reported in similar Scandinavian studies where the CBCL has been used. However, they were considerably lower than those commonly reported in epidemiological studies of children/adolescents from other countries and cultures.
Adolescent↗
Reproducibility of surface EMG variables and peak torque during three sets of ten dynamic contractions.
The interpretation of the electromyogram (EMG) of dynamic contractions might be difficult because the movement per se introduces additional factors that could affect its characteristics. There is a lack of studies concerning the reproducibility of surface EMG registrations during dynamic contractions. The aim was to investigate the during-the-day reproducibility (using intra-class correlation; ICC) of the peak torque (PT) and the EMG variables (without removing the electrodes) of dynamic contractions. Ten healthy subjects performed three sets of 10 dynamic maximum right-knee extensions with a one-hour interval in between, using an isokinetic dynamometer and the PT was determined. EMG signals were recorded from the right vastus lateralis, rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles using surface electrodes and the mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF [Hz]) and the signal amplitude (RMS [microV]), were computed. The ability to relax in-between the maximum extensions was calculated as a ratio of the RMS during the passive flexion phase and the RMS during the active extension phase of each contraction cycle: the signal amplitude ratio (SAR). Both PT (ICC = 0.99) and RMS (ICC = 0.83-0.98) had good reproducibility. The reproducibility of MNF was good for all muscles when the mean of contraction nos.: 1-10 was used. Vastus lateralis had the highest ICC among the three muscles. The reproducibility of SAR was generally poor (ICC < 0.60). The present study showed good reproducibility for common EMG variables (MNF and RMS) obtained during maximum isokinetic contractions.
Adult↗
Sick leave and disability pension before and after treatment for obesity: a report from the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study.
OBJECTIVES: To analyse sick leave and disability pension among surgically and conventionally treated obese patients. DESIGN: A prospective study over five years. Differences in sick leave and disability pension were analysed using multiple and logistic regressions. Possible confounding factors were analysed and controlled for. SETTING: Nine counties in Sweden. SUBJECTS: 369 surgically treated patients and 371 matched obese controls, included in the Swedish Obese Subjects (SOS) study. At baseline, mean body mass index (BMI) was 42 kg/m2 in surgical patients and 41 kg/m2 in controls. After four years of treatment, weight reduction was 20% among surgical patients while the control patients kept their initial weight. INTERVENTION: Gastric bariatric surgery. MEASUREMENTS: Days of sick leave plus disability pension, and days of disability pension. RESULTS: In the year prior to treatment, adjusted average number of days of sickness due to sick leave plus disability pension was similar in surgical patients and controls. Compared with controls, the surgical group had 35% more days of sickness during the first year after initiation of treatment, but 10-14% fewer days during years 2-3. During year four, days of sickness tended to be lower in the surgical group (P = 0.07). In the sub-group, aged above the median, surgical patients had 14-18% fewer days of sickness than controls, during years 2-3 after initiation of treatment This difference did not occur in the group below median age. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of obesity results in a reduction of sick leave and disability pension, compared to controls, particularly in subjects aged 47-60 y.
Adult↗
Reproducibility of surface EMG during dynamic shoulder forward flexions: a study of clinically healthy subjects.
There is a shortage of studies concerning the reproducibility of surface electromyography (EMG) during dynamic contractions. The movement per se introduces factors that could have the potential to affect the characteristics of the electromyogram. The aim of this study was to investigate the during-the-day reproducibility (using intra-class coefficient, ICC) of the peak torque (PT) and the EMG variables (without removing electrodes) of dynamic shoulder forward flexions. Eleven healthy women performed three sets of 10 dynamic maximum right-shoulder flexions at 1 h intervals using an isokinetic dynamometer. The PT of each flexion was determined. EMG signals were recorded from four muscles (trapezius, deltoid, infraspinatus and biceps brachii) using surface electrodes, and the mean frequency of the power spectrum (MNF [Hz]) and the signal amplitude (RMS [microV]), were computed. The ability to relax between maximum flexions was calculated as a ratio between the RMS during the passive extension phase and the RMS during the active flexion phase of each contraction cycle. This ratio is the signal amplitude ratio (SAR). The present study showed good reproducibility for PT, MNF and RMS, while the reproducibility of SAR was generally acceptable (fair) according to the criteria used.
Adult↗
Prediction of bull fertility by combined in vitro assessments of frozen-thawed semen from young dairy bulls entering an AI-programme.
In the present study, we assessed the degree to which various bull sperm traits, including the ability to bind to homologous zona pellucidae (ZP) and to fertilize in vitro, were related to field fertility after AI as 56d-non-return rates (56d-NRR based upon 8620 AIs) with frozen-thawed semen from 12 Swedish Red and White young (11-13 months) bulls (3 freezing batches/bull, 1-2 consecutive ejaculates/batch), entering a national breeding program and housed at two AI-bull stations. Significant (p < 0.01) correlations among in vitro tests were found for swim-up separated spermatozoa (concentration and concentration of motile spermatozoa) with the ZP-binding assay (ZBA, r = 0.72 and r = 0.73, respectively) and blastocyst rates (r = 0.79 and r = 0.79, respectively). A strong correlation was found between cleavage and blastocyst rates (r = 0.81, p < 0.01). Whereas bull station influenced (p < 0.05-0.001) all these variables, bull only affected (p < 0.05) ZBA and cleavage. There was no significant difference in 56d-NRRs (p > 0.05, range 62-67.2%) among bulls, once the absolute NRRs had been corrected for season, area and parity. Neither bull, batch nor station had a significant effect on field fertility (p < 0.05). None of the single sperm traits/tests in vitro correlated significantly with in vivo fertility. A correlation with bull fertility was, however, found when measures of sperm traits were combined and predicted NRRs, calculated by regression analyses, were tested against observed 56d-NRRs. The predictive bull fertility, based on the tested three frozen batches, varied from 61.8 to 67.5% (p < 0.05) and was highly correlated with the observed fertility NRRs (r = 0.92, p < 0.001). Although the results suggest that the combined analyses of swim-up separated sperm traits, ZBA and IVF can be used to predict bull fertility, it might not be possible to determine the life-time fertility of a breeding sire owing to the limited number of observations made.
Animals↗
Relationship between the proportion of capacitated spermatozoa present in frozen-thawed bull semen and fertility with artificial insemination.
The objective of the present study was to confirm the presence of prematurely capacitated spermatozoa in frozen-thawed bull semen and to investigate the relationship of premature capacitation to the fertility of the respective semen. Twenty batches of frozen semen from young AI bulls of the Swedish Red and White breed with known fertility (expressed as 56-day non-return rates; 56 d-NRR) were tested using a Chlortetracycline (CTC) assay to assess capacitation status in frozen-thawed spermatozoa. The status of capacitation, as evidenced in this experiment, was further tested based on the hypothesis that capacitated spermatozoa present in frozen-thawed semen should undergo the acrosome reaction (AR) on co-incubation with homologous zona pellucida (ZP) glycoproteins. The percentage (mean +/- SEM) of uncapacitated, capacitated and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa in the frozen-thawed semen (n = 20) were 49.3 +/- 11.9, 36.3 +/- 8.3 and 14.2 +/- 11.9, respectively. On co-incubation with ZP, there was a significant increase (p = 0.001) in the proportion of spermatozoa undergoing the AR compared to the control with a concurrent decrease in the proportion of capacitated spermatozoa, suggesting that a proportion of capacitated spermatozoa were undergoing the AR. The proportion of viable, uncapacitated spermatozoa present in the frozen-thawed semen was correlated to the 56 d-NRR (n = 20, r = 0.5, p = 0.03). In conclusion, a proportion of spermatozoa in frozen-thawed semen was capacitated and the proportion of viable, uncapacitated spermatozoa present in semen was positively correlated to fertility.
Animals↗
Genetic and environmental influences on recurrent headaches in eight to nine-year-old twins.
The major objective of the present study was to estimate genetic and environmental influences on recurrent headaches in prepubescent twins. A nationwide cohort of 8 to 9-year-old Swedish twins (n = 1,480) was screened for nonsymptomatic and recurrent headaches through a questionnaire mailed to their parents (75% response frequency). Among positives, 79% of headaches were classified as migraine or tension-type headache in close accordance with the International Headache Society criteria. The prevalences of migraine and nonmigrainous headaches were 2.4% and 11.3%, respectively, and without significant differences between the sexes or zygosity types. Inheritance on liability to recurrent headaches was estimated to 70% (a2 = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.54-0.82) for boys and girls but the genetic effect was found to be uncorrelated between the sexes. We conclude that genetic and individual specific effects are important for recurrent headaches of migrainous and nonmigrainous types in prepubescent children, and that different genetic etiologies might exist for boys and girls.
Child↗
Precautions taken to prevent adhesions--a questionnaire study among Swedish obstetricians and gynaecologists.
OBJECTIVE: To collect data on the current practice and knowledge about surgical techniques for prevention of adhesions and types of surgical gloves used by Swedish obstetricians and gynaecologists. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire during 1995. SETTING: Sweden. MATERIAL: All 1200 Swedish gynaecologists were invited to participate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Methods in use to prevent the formation of adhesions such as glove selection criteria, operative techniques, and laparoscopic surgery. RESULTS: At this time there were 72 hospitals in Sweden carrying out gynaecological operations and responses were received from obstetricians and gynaecologists at 61 of these hospitals. The response rate was 27% of gynaecologists routinely carrying out such operations. There were no consistent methods in use to prevent the formation of adhesions. The most common method used was the atraumatic technique. For laparotomy 19.5% always used powdered gloves whereas half had changed to powder-free gloves. The use of powdered gloves was highest in the university hospitals (62%). 95% always closed the visceral peritoneum for gynaecological or obstetric procedures although there is no documentation to support the benefit of doing so. CONCLUSION: There was a low percentage response, probably indicating lack of interest. Swedish gynaecologists seem unaware of the need to prevent adhesions.
Female↗
Morphological and biochemical investigation of nitric oxide synthase and related enzymes in the rat and pig urothelium.
We investigated the enzymes involved in the NADPH-diaphorase (d) reaction in the rat and pig bladder urothelium. The urothelial cell layer displayed intense and uniform NADPH-d activity. Preincubation with the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodionium chloride (DPI) and the alkaline phosphatase inhibitor levamisole concentration-dependently decreased the urothelial NADPH-d activity. Immunoreactivities to neuronal (n), endothelial (e), or inducible (i) nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were not detected in rat or pig urothelial cells. In rats, the urothelium was uniformly immunoreactive for NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase, whereas the pig urothelium displayed inconsistent labeling. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rats, the bladder urothelium showed positive iNOS immunoreactivity. The iNOS labeling was found predominantly in cells located in the basal layer of the urothelium. In the pig bladder mucosa, a Ca2+-dependent NOS activity was evident in cytosolic and particulate fractions that was quantitatively comparable to the NOS activity found in the smooth muscle. In ultrastructural studies of urothelial cells, NADPH-d reaction products were found predominantly on membranes of the nuclear envelope, endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondria. In conclusion, NADPH-d staining of the urothelium cannot be taken as an indicator for the presence of constitutively expressed NOS. Activity of alkaline phosphatase and cytochrome P450 reductase may account for part of the NADPH-d reaction in urothelial cells. However, LPS treatment of rats caused expression of iNOS in urothelial cells.
Animals↗
Serum antibodies to bovine coronavirus in Swedish sheep.
Altogether 218 sheep sera from 40 flocks in different parts of Sweden were screened for antibodies to bovine coronavirus (BCV). Nineteen per cent of the sera were positive and there was a significantly higher frequency (p < 0.05) of at least one positive sample in flocks with more than 100 adult sheep than in smaller flocks. There was also a significantly higher frequency (p < 0.001) of positive samples from sheep older than 4 years than from younger ones. Only a weak relationship between BCV positivity (2 or more positive samples, p < 0.05) and cattle contact was demonstrated in this study. Possible transmission routes and other factors that could have affected the result are discussed. In light of our finding that all 5 sheep experimentally exposed to BCV through contact with infectious cow faeces seroconverted, we conclude that the antibodies found in Swedish sheep are probably the result of BCV infections directly or indirectly transmitted from cattle.
Age Factors↗
Isolation and characterization of a novel, human neuronal nitric oxide synthase cDNA.
A splice variant of nNOS has recently been identified in both rat and mouse which contains an in-frame insertion of 34 conserved amino acids between the N-terminal oxygenase and the C-terminal reductase domains. In the present study we report the isolation and characterization of a similar, but not identical (76% amino acid identity), human variant (nNOSmu) which arises from the splicing in of an additional exon between exons 16 and 17 of the human nNOS gene. Furthermore, we describe two additional splice variants which, if translated, would give rise to truncated forms of nNOS lacking the C-terminal reductase domain. These additional variants and nNOSmu; have a distinct and more restricted expression pattern compared to nNOS. Further studies are required to elucidate the possible physiological roles of these novel human nNOS splice variants in NO signaling.
Alternative Splicing↗
Effects of obesity and weight loss on cardiac function and valvular performance.
OBJECTIVE: To study the consequences of long-standing obesity on myocardial function and valvular performance and to determine the effects of weight loss on these cardiovascular features. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We included 41 patients with obesity referred for weight-reducing gastroplasty, 31 patients with obesity who received dietary recommendations, and 43 lean subjects. Body weight and blood pressure were measured, and cardiac function and valvular performance were estimated echocardiographically. Left ventricular ejection fraction was used to assess systolic heart function, and the ratio of transmitral early to atrial (E/A) peak flow velocity was used as an estimate of diastolic filling. All three study groups were investigated at baseline, and the two groups with obesity were re-examined at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Patients with obesity had higher blood pressure, greater cardiac output, lower ejection fraction, and reduced E/A ratio, compared with lean subjects (p<0.01). Surgical treatment of obesity led to significant decreases in body weight, whereas body weight remained unchanged in the group treated with dietary recommendations (p<0.001). In the weight loss group, blood pressure and cardiac output decreased and the E/A ratio increased (p<0.001). Left ventricular ejection fraction tended to increase in the weight loss group and decrease in the obese control group (p<0.01). No significant valvular disease was observed in any of the subjects with obesity at baseline or after weight loss. DISCUSSION: We conclude that weight reduction in subjects with obesity is associated with improvements in left ventricular diastolic filling and has favorable effects on left ventricular ejection fraction. Neither obesity nor weight loss seem to promote valvular heart disease.
Adult↗