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Biomedical subjects

B Larsson

Publications and source records attributed to B Larsson.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Assay of proteoglycan populations using agarose-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

The agarose-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure for the analysis of proteoglycans originally described by C. A. McDevitt and H. Muir (1971, Anal. Biochem. 44, 612-622) has been modified to minimize trailing and to allow the analysis of crude samples, i.e., tissue extracts. A slab gel system was used, permitting reproducible analysis of many samples. Procedures are described that can be used to separate and quantify several subpopulations of proteoglycans and also to quantify the proportion of proteoglycans capable of aggregating with hyaluronic acid. Applications of the procedure include transfer to nitrocellulose paper followed by immunological detection of proteoglycans as well as fluorography of separated, radiolabeled proteoglycans.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Percutaneous treatment with a mucopolysaccharide polysulphate of experimentally induced subcutaneous haematomas in man.

In a double blind trial on ten healthy volunteers, the efficacy of a topically applied mucopolysaccharide polysulphate in the treatment of subcutaneous haematomas was assessed. Standardized haematomas were induced by subcutaneous injection of a mixture of autogenous blood and 125I-fibrinogen. The absorption of the haematoma, expressed as the removal of the labelled fibrin(ogen), could thus be objectively measured by the decrease in radioactivity. The results show an exponential absorption of these haematomas. The absorption time was reduced to about half compared with placebo, when treated topically with mucopolysaccharide polysulphate. The difference is statistically highly significant and is also considered clinically relevant.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Prospective study of social influences on mortality. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

In a study of 989 middle-aged men followed up for 9 years social influences, measured as persons per household unit, home activities, outside-home activities, and social activities at the baseline examination, were found to be significantly associated with mortality. The association between these variables (except for home activities) and mortality was significant even when age, risk factors for coronary heart disease, and health status measured at the baseline examination were taken into consideration. Social activities may have a modifying effect on life stresses and risk factors associated with mortality.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1985

Evaluation of flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy for the estimation of bovine mononuclear phagocytes.

Bovine blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll-Paque. Phagocytic mononuclear cells were characterized functionally by ingestion of fluorescent latex beads. After incubation with beads the cells were treated with Triton X-100 and propidium iodide (PI) to stain DNA. Cells were analyzed with a FACS-III instrument connected to a Nuclear Data-6660 multiparameter computer system. The computer was used to evaluate the 2 parameter histograms in order to enumerate the percentage of cells with different numbers of associated beads. With this system we also obtained information about cell concentration and number of beads per cell. Results from flow cytometry and manual counting by fluorescence microscopy were compared and good correlation (r = 0.91) was obtained. During the first hours of incubation latex beads adhered to cell surfaces as demonstrated by FCM histograms and fluorescence microscopy. Blood mononuclear phagocytes have to be incubated for several hours before significant phagocytotic activity can be detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Decreased fibrinolytic activity in the rat uterus after laparotomy.

The influence of different intrauterine devices (IUDs) on the uterine fibrinolysis has been extensively studied in rodents with two uterine horns. In this experimental model an IUD is inserted into one horn by a surgical procedure including laparotomy and uterotomy. The effect of these two surgical steps on the fibrinolysis in the endometrium determined according to Todd's histochemical fibrin slide technique was studied in the present series comprising 26 rats. The fibrinolytic activity (FA) in the rat uterus was independent of the biopsy site in the uterine horns. However, significant depression of endometrial fibrinolysis was demonstrated 2 weeks after laparotomy, whereas no effect of a tiny incision in the uterine wall was recorded. In conclusion, a sham operation of the control horn in rodent studies on the fibrinolytic effect of IUDs according to this experimental model is not necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Alpha-adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors in the isolated human prostate.

Prostatic specimens of adenomatous tissue (PA) were obtained from the lateral lobe of the prostate in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Non-hyperplastic specimens of the outer prostatic tissue (PC) were taken from the dorsal part of the prostate in patients undergoing cystourethrectomy. Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor and muscarinic receptor active drugs were studied. Noradrenaline (NA) and the alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine induced concentration-dependent contractions in PC and PA preparations. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist clonidine was without effect on PC but contracted PA preparations; it was less potent and had less intrinsic activity than phenylephrine. In PC and PA strips, the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin was more effective than the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine to inhibit NA-induced contractions. Prazosin, but not rauwolscine, inhibited electrically induced contractions in PC strips. The muscarinic receptor agonists acetylcholine and carbachol were without effect in PC and PA preparations. In both PC and PA preparations, clonidine decreased and rauwolscine increased the electrically elicited 3H-efflux after pre-loading of the tissues with 3H-noradrenaline. Carbachol and scopolamine were without consistent effects. In radioligand receptor binding experiments, the occurrence of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites was demonstrated; the ratio between alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding sites was 3/2 in PC, but 2/3 in PA tissue. By autoradiography, muscarinic receptors were found to be localized exclusively to the glandular epithelium, consistent with the lack of contractile effects of muscarinic receptor active drugs on PC and PA preparations. Our results thus suggest that the main alpha-adrenoceptor function in human prostatic smooth muscle is of the alpha 1-type and that muscarinic receptors in the prostate are involved in processes other than control of smooth muscle contraction.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1985

Effect of drugs interacting with adrenoreceptors and muscarinic receptors in the epididymal and prostatic parts of the human isolated vas deferens.

Electrical field stimulation of ring preparations of the epididymal (Ve) and prostatic (Vp) parts of the human isolated vas deferens produced contractions with similar frequency-dependence and appearance. The contractions of Ve, but not of Vp preparations were abolished by tetrodotoxin (10(-6)M). Noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine, and methoxamine, but not clonidine induced repetitive, phasic contractions in both Ve and Vp preparations, and increased the amplitude of electrically induced responses. Clonidine concentration-dependently decreased electrically induced contractions in Ve preparations, but had no significant effects in Vp preparations. Phentolamine and prazosin abolished electrically induced contractions in Ve but not in Vp preparations. In Ve rings the contractions were increased by rauwolscine; no such effect was observed in Vp preparations. Isoprenaline, propranolol, acetylcholine and carbachol had no effects in the Ve or Vp preparations. Scopolamine and atropine reduced electrically induced responses. Clonidine decreased and rauwolscine increased the electrically induced release of 3H in both Ve and Vp preparations pre-loaded with 3H-NA. Phenylephrine, prazosin, isoprenaline, propranolol, carbachol and scopolamine had minor or no effects on the 3H release. Radioligand receptor binding experiments using 3H-prazosin and 3H-rauwolscine as ligands revealed similar densities of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoreceptors in the human vas deferens. There seemed to be no differences in their distribution between the epididymal, middle and prostatic part of the organ. It is concluded that the neurotransmission in the human vas deferens is noradrenergic and mediated via alpha 1-adrenoreceptors. The prazosin and tetrodotoxin resistant part of the electrically induced contraction in Vp preparations may be caused by direct smooth muscle stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Increasing mortality from coronary heart disease among males in Sweden.

In Sweden, coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality increased by 30% among 50- to 54-year-old men and by 20% among 55- to 59-year-old men between 1968 and 1980. Among women there was no change during the same time. Two cohorts of 50-year-old men living in Gothenburg, Sweden, were examined 10 years apart (1963-1973): Levels of the 3 major CHD risk factors, blood pressure, serum cholesterol and smoking habits, were similar in these two cohorts. Men in the latest examined cohort had almost doubled the 7-year incidence of fatal and non-fatal CHD compared to men in the first examined cohort. Obesity was more prevalent among men examined in 1973 and also a significant risk factor for CHD in that cohort. Increased obesity and very slightly increased serum cholesterol levels can, however, only explain part of the increased incidence of CHD. Hypertension is being more effectively treated, the prevalence of smokers has decreased, and treatment of symptomatic CHD is similarly active in Sweden as in many other countries. Thus, several changes largely parallel those taking place in countries with decreasing CHD mortality. In spite of this, CHD mortality is increasing among males in Sweden. Possible reasons for this are discussed.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1985

The influence of body fat distribution on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. 13.5 years of follow-up of the participants in the study of men born in 1913.

In a prospective study of risk factors for ischemic heart disease, 792 54-yr-old men selected by year of birth (1913) and residence in Göteborg, Sweden, agreed to attend for questioning and a number of anthropometric and other measurements in 1967. Thirteen and one-half years later, these baseline findings were reviewed in relation to the number of men who had subsequently developed diabetes mellitus. This analysis focused on the importance of abdominal adipose tissue distribution, measured as the waist-to-hip circumference ratio, as a predictor for development of diabetes. Even when the confounding effect of body mass index, as a measure of the total body fat mass, was accounted for, the waist-to-hip ratio was positively and significantly associated with the risk for diabetes. These results from a prospective study strongly support previous cross-sectional findings indicating that not only the degree of obesity but also the localization of fat is a risk factor for diabetes.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1985

Effect of intraperitoneal instillation of 32% dextran 70 on postoperative adhesion formation after tubal surgery.

The intraperitoneal instillation of 32% dextran 70 (HyskonR, Pharmacia AB, Sweden) has previously been reported to prevent the formation of postoperative adhesions. Against this background, the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of HyskonR in counteracting peritoneal adhesions following tubal microsurgery. 105 infertile women were operated upon in a prospective, randomized, controlled, double-blind, multicenter study. The intra-abdominal adhesions present from the beginning were classified by means of a standardized scoring scale and the extent of adhesions was again evaluated at follow-up laparoscopy 4-10 weeks later. A reduction in the extent of the intra-abdominal adhesions (statistically highly significant) was revealed in both the Hyskon group and the saline control group. The extent of adhesions in the Hyskon group was not lesser than in the saline group, however. The pregnancy rates in the two groups were also similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Proton radiotherapy with the Uppsala cyclotron. Experience and plans.

From 1957 to 1968, the 230-cm synchrocyclotron at the Gustaf Werner Institute was used for clinical tests with a 185 MeV proton beam. The radiotherapeutic research was part of an extensive research programme in physics, chemistry, biology and medicine. Only a small series of patients were treated. A brief review of the early development and clinical experience of the cyclotron activities at Uppsala from 1957 to 1968 is given. The former accelerator is now being converted. Beams are expected to be available in the new radiotherapy treatment rooms in 1986. Plans for the new facilities with special reference to alternative methods of proton acceleration and beam transport, i.e. fixed beams or an gantry system are presented. The corresponding activities at the Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP) in Moscow are also referred to thanks to a bilateral research programme which has existed in the past and from which the Uppsala group has benefited greatly.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Biomedical program for the converted 200-MeV synchrocyclotron at the Gustaf Werner Institute.

Between 1956 and 1977, the former synchrocyclotron in Uppsala was used for biological experiments and clinical tests with 185-MeV protons. Therapeutic irradiations have been performed since 1957 by cross-firing with pencil beams through small intracranial structures for the treatment of Parkinsonism and intractable pain and with the spread-out Bragg peak for the treatment of large malignant tumors. Radiological and radiophysical aspects of the use of charged-particle beams were studied in detail. The former accelerator is now being converted to a sector-focusing, frequency-modulated cyclotron, SFSC-200, to permit acceleration of protons up to 200 MeV and other light ions to corresponding energies. Production of spallation neutrons and radionuclides for biomedical uses is expected to start this year. Experiments with charged-particle beams will begin in 1986. This paper presents a discussion of accelerator developments for planned experimental and clinical programs.

Energy Transfer↗
PubMed1985

Body temperature in general population samples. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

Oral body temperature was measured in 816 men, 57 and 67 years old, sampled from the general population of Göteborg, Sweden, and 22 physically highly active men, sampled on clinical grounds. The measurements were taken in the morning for 14 months. After adding 0.3 degrees C to the readings to make them comparable with rectal readings, the mean body temperature was 36.8 +/- 0.4 degrees C. There was a seasonal variation with a peak during the winter and a trough during the summer. Body temperature was inversely correlated with height and positively correlated with weight and body fat but not with lean body mass. High physical activity and sensitivity to heat were associated with a higher than average body temperature. Sensitivity to cold was associated with a lower than average body temperature. Smoking prior to the measurements did not appear to affect body temperature.

Age Factors↗