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Biomedical subjects

B L Thomas

Publications and source records attributed to B L Thomas.

45 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Glomerular and hormonal responses to dietary protein intake in human renal disease.

The effects of dietary protein on glomerular and hormonal function were studied in twelve adults with a variety of glomerular diseases. They were randomly assigned, using a crossover design, to two 11-day periods, one on a high-protein diet (2 g.kg-1.day-1) and the other on a low-protein diet (0.55 g.kg-1.day-1). Improvement in glomerular permselectivity on the low-protein diet was manifested by a decreased 24-h urinary excretion of total protein, albumin, and IgG by 33, 40, and 25%, respectively (all P less than 0.02); a fall in the fractional clearance of albumin (10.1 +/- 6.3 X 10(-3) to 5.8 +/- 3.3 X 10(-3)), and IgG (6.9 +/- 5.1 X 10(-3) to 3.5 +/- 2.3 X 10(-3)) (both P less than 0.02); and a decreased fractional clearance of neutral dextrans of molecular radii 48-56 A (P less than 0.05), when measured on the final day of each dietary period. The high-protein diet was accompanied by a higher plasma renin activity (6.9 +/- 1.6 vs. 3.5 +/- 0.8 ng angiotensin I.ml-1.h-1) (P less than 0.02), and increased excretion of prostaglandin E and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha. We conclude that a low-protein diet rapidly improves the size-selective defect in glomerular permselectivity.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1983

Inhibition of morphine analgesia by ascorbate.

Oral administration of single doses of ascorbate produced a decrease in the analgesic effect of morphine in mice when assayed by the tail-flick test. Inhibition of analgesia was dose dependent, had a rapid onset (2 hr) and long duration (48 hr). Ascorbate doses over 8 mg/kg also protected mice from lethal doses of morphine. These findings are in accord with recent reports that ascorbate destroys opioid receptor in vitro and indicates that a similar effect occurs in vivo.

Analgesia↗
PubMed1979

Renal tubular necrosis following cephalothin.

Renal tubular necrosis was observed following intramuscular injections of cephalothin into rats. Lesions were consistently produced with 5.0g/kg and were maximal in severity at the 2nd and 3rd days following injection. Renal tubular necrosis following cephalothin was similar in morphology to that produced by nephrotoxic doses (2.0 g/kg) of cephaloridine. The nephrotoxic potential of cephalothin has been demonstrated in the rat model and caution is urged in using large doses of cephalothin.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1978

Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor and cephalexin: dosage nomograms for impaired renal function.

The pharmacokinetics of cefaclor and cephalexin were characterized in patients with creatinine clearances ranging from 0 to 147 ml/min. Each of 24 fasted subjects received a single 500-mg oral dose of cefaclor, and 13 of these subjects later received 500 mg of cephalexin. Serum and urine levels of the antibiotics were measured by bioassay. The serum half-lives were highly correlated with corrected creatinine clearance (cefaclor r = 0.92, cephalexin r = 0.94). Linear regression estimates of the half-life of cefaclor were 2.3 h in the anephric patient and 40 min in the patient with a corrected creatinine clearance of 100 ml/min. For cephalexin, corresponding half-lives were 15.4 h and 58 min. We present a dosage nomogram for calculating the appropriate adjustments to the loading dose based on patient weight and maintenence dose based on corrected creatinine clearance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Administration of PRN medication by mental health nurses.

The administration of PRN medication by mental health nurses is an important, yet poorly explored aspect of psychiatric inpatient care. An examination of nurses' reasons for administering PRN medication is essential in ensuring its appropriate and effective use. Data were gathered from the drug charts of 44 inpatients on two acute psychiatric wards. Most PRN medication was given orally and the most frequently administered drugs were procyclidine, lorazepam, ibuprofen, diazepam and droperidol. The main reason for administering PRN medication was because patients had 'requested' it. Results were broadly consistent with previous research. It is recommended that nurses should give clear and specific reasons for administering PRN medication based on a valid assessment. Implications for clinical practice and further research are also discussed.

Adult↗