Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B L Smith

Publications and source records attributed to B L Smith.

At least 199 records · Page 11Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Physical health of the long-term mentally ill in the community. Is there unmet need?

A clinical assessment was made of 145 long-term users of hospital and social-services day psychiatric facilities, and 84 consented to laboratory pathological screening. We recorded data on relevant medical care where that was being provided. Based on clinical assessment, 59 patients (41%) were judged to have medical problems potentially requiring care. Based on pathological screening 39 (44% of those assessed) had unmet needs, and this rating was associated with poor compliance with attendance and treatment plans. Altogether, 12 patients had important unmet needs, mainly for detailed medical investigation, although none required immediate hospital admission. Long-term patients should be medically reassessed and supervised at appropriate intervals.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Identification, purification, and partial characterization of a novel Mr 28,000 integral membrane protein from erythrocytes and renal tubules.

A novel Mr 28,000 integral membrane protein ("28kDa") was identified in human erythrocytes and found entirely associated with the Triton X-100 insoluble membrane skeletons. Antibodies to 28kDa reacted strongly on immunoblots with 28kDa and a diffuse region of Mr 35,000-60,000 ("HMW-28kDa"). Selective proteolytic digestions of membranes demonstrated that HMW-28kDa has an extracellular domain, and both 28kDa and HMW-28kDa have intracellular domains. 28kDa and HMW-28kDa were purified to homogeneity. Quantitative immunoblots indicate that each erythrocyte contains 120,000-160,000 copies of 28kDa. Two-dimensional iodopeptide maps of 28kDa and HMW-28kDa were nearly identical; peptide-N-glycosidase digestion of purified HMW-28kDa demonstrated that it is the N-glycosylated form of 28kDa. When concentrated, 28kDa formed a series of larger oligomers which were stable in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Of several nonerythroid tissues studied with anti-28kDa immunoblots, only kidney displayed immunoreactive 28kDa. Purified rat kidney 28kDa was nearly identical to rat erythrocyte 28kDa when compared by two-dimensional iodopeptide mapping. Immunohistochemical staining of human kidney with anti-28kDa demonstrated prominent staining over the apical brush borders of proximal convoluted tubules. A novel integral membrane protein has been purified from erythrocyte and kidney membranes. This new protein may play a role in linkage of the membrane skeleton to the lipid bilayer.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1988

Osteoma of paranasal sinuses of a horse.

A 2-year-old Quarter Horse gelding was examined for torticollis, facial protuberances over the frontal and maxillary sinuses, and persistent nasal discharge unresponsive to antibiotics. Radiograph revealed an osseous mass in the right paranasal sinuses. Histologic examination of the biopsied mass led to a diagnosis of osteoma. The mass was removed surgically in sections from the right frontal and maxillary sinuses through separate bone flaps, and sinuses were irrigated with saline solution for 8 days after surgery. Two weeks after surgery, radiography revealed small osseous opacities in the right paranasal sinuses. These opacities remained unchanged in radiographs obtained up to 23 months after surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Polymorphism in the Mr 32,000 Rh protein purified from Rh(D)-positive and -negative erythrocytes.

A Mr 32,000 integral membrane protein has previously been identified on erythrocytes bearing the Rh(D) antigen and is thought to contain the antigenic variations responsible for the different Rh phenotypes. To study it on a biochemical level, a simple large-scale method was developed to purify the Mr 32,000 Rh protein from multiple units of Rh(D)-positive and -negative blood. Erythrocyte membrane vesicles were solubilized in NaDodSO4, and a tracer of immunoprecipitated 125I surface-labeled Rh protein was added. The Rh protein was purified to homogeneity by hydroxylapatite chromatography followed by preparative NaDodSO4/PAGE. Approximately 25 nmol of pure Rh protein was recovered from each unit of Rh(D)-positive and -negative blood. Rh protein purified from both Rh phenotypes appeared similar by one-dimensional NaDodSO4/PAGE, and the N-terminal amino acid sequences for the first 20 residues were identical. Rh proteins purified from Rh(D)-positive and -negative blood were compared by two-dimensional iodopeptide mapping after 125I-labeling and alpha-chymotrypsin digestion. The peptide maps were very similar; however, at least two additional iodopeptides were consistently noted in the Rh proteins purified from Rh(D)-positive erythrocytes. These data indicate that a similar core Rh protein (or group of related proteins) exists in both Rh(D)-positive and -negative erythrocytes, and the Rh proteins from erythrocytes with different Rh phenotypes contain distinct structural polymorphisms.

Erythrocyte Membrane↗
PubMed1988

Carcinogenicity of bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) in New Zealand.

Bracken fern (Pteridium esculentum) was harvested from two sites LB and TB one of which (TB) was on a central North Island New Zealand farm where bovine enzootic haematuria (BEH) was known to occur. The fern was dried, ground and incorporated (25% w/w) into a pelleted diet and fed to female rats for a total of 162 days. Fifteen weeks later when the rats were autopsied it was found that numerous tumours, mainly of the ileum and urinary bladder were present in the animals fed the bracken fern from the TB site. Neoplasms were found in 85% of rats from the TB group compared with 11% in the LB group while only a single tumour (a haemangioma of the uterus) was observed in the controls. In all, there were neoplasms in 42, 5 and 1 organ/s from the TB, LB and control rat groups respectively (p<0.001). Analysis of the fern and pellets for ptaquiloside, the carcinogen in bracken fern, showed much higher levels present in the material from the TB site. There was 26 and 2270 microg ptaquiloside/g of dried fern and, for pellets from the same fern, 6.5 and 355 microg ptaquiloside/g of pellets, for one collection from the LB and TB sources respectively.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Septicemic pasteurellosis in elk (Cervus elaphus) on the United States National Elk Refuge, Wyoming.

Septicemic pasteurellosis caused by Pasteurella multocida is believed responsible for the deaths of 48 elk (Cervus elaphus) on the National Elk Refuge near Jackson, Wyoming (USA) during 1986 and 1987. Clinical signs included depression and salivation; necropsy findings included congestion and petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages in lymph nodes, diaphragm, lungs and endocardium. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from femur marrow of eight carcasses and a variety of tissues from eight others.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Distinct variants of erythrocyte protein 4.1 inherited in linkage with elliptocytosis and Rh type in three white families.

Hereditary elliptocytosis is a heterogeneous disorder resulting from defects in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. Although some cases of elliptocytosis result from defects in spectrin, the specific structural abnormality has yet to be identified in the majority of cases. Protein 4.1 plays an essential role in erythrocyte membrane physiology, and deficiencies have been implicated in only a few rare cases of elliptocytosis. By using 4.1 immunoblots and a 4.1 radioimmunoassay we identified distinct variants of protein 4.1 in 15 elliptocytic members of three US white families with the Rh-linked form of elliptocytosis. Elliptocytic members of family G were heterozygotes for a low-molecular weight (mol wt) 4.1 variant (65,000 to 68,000 daltons; normal, 80,000) inherited in linkage with the Rz phenotype. Elliptocytic members of family C expressed a simple partial deficiency of protein 4.1 (63% of the normal level) that was inherited in linkage with the r phenotype. Elliptocytic members of family N were heterozygotes for a high-mol wt 4.1 variant (100,000 daltons) also inherited in linkage with the r phenotype. These studies indicate that mutant forms of protein 4.1 are not uncommon in elliptocytosis among whites and that different kindreds probably express different mutations. The observed linkage of elliptocytosis and Rh blood type most likely results from the close proximities of the 4.1 gene (site of the mutation) and the Rh gene, which is located nearby on the short arm of chromosome 1.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Two-dimensional iodopeptide mapping demonstrates that erythrocyte Rh D, c, and E polypeptides are structurally homologous but nonidentical.

The 32,000 molecular weight (mol wt) erythrocyte Rh D, c, and E polypeptides were separately purified from cDE/cDE erythrocytes by monoclonal immunoprecipitations and compared by two-dimensional iodopeptide mapping. Digestions of the isolated Rh polypeptides with alpha-chymotrypsin revealed a high degree of structural homology between c and E (13/14 iodopeptides were identical) and less striking homology between D and c or E (8/19 identical). The iodopeptide maps of Rh proteins purified by a nonimmunologic protocol from cDE/cDE erythrocytes were virtually identical to the composite pattern (D + c + E) deduced from the individual maps of Rh D, c, and E iodopeptides. Digestions of the isolated Rh polypeptides with trypsin revealed an overall homology of approximately 50% between iodopeptides derived from D, c, and E. These data indicate that the erythrocyte Rh D, c, and E antigens are carried by homologous but distinct molecular species; c and E appear more closely related to each other than to D.

Antigens↗
PubMed1988

Interruption of the vena cava by means of the Greenfield filter: expanding the indications.

Between 1978 and 1985, 88 patients underwent insertion of the Greenfield vena cava filter. In 21 of the 88 patients (23.9%) the filter was inserted prophylactically. Sixteen of the 21 prophylactic insertions were performed before total joint replacement in patients with a history of venous thromboembolism. Operative morbidity (4.6%) was minor and occurred only early in the series. The operative mortality rate was 4.6%. None of the deaths were related to filter insertion or pulmonary embolism. Follow-up in 65 patients (73.9%) ranged from 1 to 60 months (mean, 16.4 months). Leg edema developed in 9.2% (6/65), stasis ulceration in 3.1% (2/65), caval occlusion in 7.5% (3/40), and recurrent nonfatal embolism in 3.1% (2/65) of the patients. In the patients who received prophylactic filters before total joint replacement, there were no filter-related complications or episodes of pulmonary embolism. This series confirms the safety and effectiveness of the Greenfield filter and suggests that the indications for its use might be liberalized to include prophylactic insertion of the device in certain high-risk patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Dorsal sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis--the posterior paravertebral approach.

Definitive therapy for hyperhidrosis is sympathectomy. The authors have used a posterior approach to perform 36 dorsal sympathectomies for upper extremity hyperhidrosis in 18 patients (12 female, 6 male). All 18 patients suffered from excessive sweating of the upper extremity (17 palmar, 1 axillary) that caused significant psychological and occupational problems. Eleven patients (61.1%) had lower extremity involvement as well. For all 18 patients conservative medical treatment had failed. Bilateral operations were performed, via a posterior extrapleural approach, through the bed of the third rib. All 36 limbs were relieved of excess sweating. There were no deaths and only two minor wound complications. In no patient did Horner's syndrome develop. Long-term follow-up did not reveal any recurrence of hyperhidrosis. Two patients did complain of compensatory hyperhidrosis of the lower extremities. Dorsal sympathectomy was effective in all of the patients with upper extremity hyperhidrosis in this series. The posterior approach is technically simple, allows simultaneous bilateral operations, and is associated with only infrequent minor complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Purification and partial characterization of the Mr 30,000 integral membrane protein associated with the erythrocyte Rh(D) antigen.

Erythrocytes bearing the Rh(D) antigen have an Mr 30,000 integral membrane protein which can be surface-labeled with 125I and can be quantitatively immunoprecipitated from Triton X-100-solubilized spectrin-depleted membrane vesicles. The 125I-labeled Rh(D)-associated protein was purified to radiochemical homogeneity from membrane skeletons solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea by hydroxylapatite chromatography, gel filtration, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Rh(D)-associated protein was purified nearly 200-fold from 2 units of erythrocytes from DD individuals by employing similar methods on a large scale using the purified 125I-labeled Rh(D)-associated protein as a tracer. The product appeared to be greater than 95% pure and migrated as a diffuse band of Mr approximately 30,000-32,000 on silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis gels poured from 12% acrylamide. It is estimated that the Rh(D)-associated protein makes up approximately 0.5% of the original membrane protein. When concentrated, partially purified Rh(D)-associated protein forms dimers and larger oligomers which are stable in sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. The Rh(D)-associated protein was protected from degradation when intact erythrocytes or inside out membrane vesicles were enzymatically digested. These studies indicate that the Mr 30,000 protein associated with the Rh(D) antigen is linked to the membrane skeleton, resides within the lipid bilayer with minimal extra- or intracellular protrusions, exists normally as an oligomer, and can be purified in denatured form.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1987

Pithomyces chartarum spore counts in rumen contents and faeces of sheep exposed to autumn pasture at three different grazing pressures.

Three groups, each of 18 lambs were grazed during autumn in paddocks which had been divided longitudinally by temporary fencing to give twofold differences in grazing intensity between the groups. During the period when spore numbers were elevated the high grazing pressure (HGP) group lost some body weight (-34 g/day). The low grazing pressure (LGP) group gained +90 g/day and the intermediate grazing pressure (IGP) group gained weight slightly (+14 g/day). There were two spore rises during the experimental grazing period, a minor and a major rise. Peak pasture spore counts were 88,000, 130,000 and 282,000 spores/g grass for the LGP, IGP and HGP groups respectively. These were reflected in the peak rumen content counts which were 6640, 17,050 and 24,470 spores/g and the faecal peak counts which were 141,400, 330,800 and 568,200 spores/g for the LGP, IGP and HGP groups respectively. Liver injury scores were 0.9, 2.6 and 1.7 and peak mean serum GGT levels were 139,312 and 220 U/l for the LGP, IGP and HGP groups respectively. The greater liver injury in the IGP groups was considered due to the greater total consumption of spores caused by the combination of pasture spore concentration and dry matter intake.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1987

An inside look: hand injury-prevention program.

The purpose of this article is to review the development of an industrial hand injury-prevention program to provide the impetus for other hand therapists to undertake such programs. The article includes a description of how to initiate a prevention program, the content of the training seminar, presentation methods, and marketing strategies. The "Handle with Care" program was effective in reducing the cost and incidence of industrial hand injuries and was favorably received by Oklahoma industry at its inception. A new program is currently being developed in California.

Accidents, Occupational↗