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Biomedical subjects

B L Shapiro

Publications and source records attributed to B L Shapiro.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of twin and nontwin parotid salivary proteins.

Parotid salivary proteins from monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, nontwin sibs, and unrelated male and female subjects of the same age range as the twins were separated by polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis at pH 9.0. Variability of the stained protein patterns increased in the order: monozygotic twins; dizygotic twins and nontwin sibs; unrelated subjects. It is concluded that genetic factors are the major contributors to variability of parotid salivary proteins among subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Amplified developmental instability in Down's syndrome.

It is suggested that the extra chromosome in Down's syndrome (DS) results in a generalized decrease in canalization of development. Three palatal dimensions - height, width and anteroposterior length - were measured in moreal twins and in DS subjects. Twin analyses showed that the relative contribution of environmental factors to variability was greatest for palatal length. Of the three dimensions, palatal length was the most abmoreal in DS. Similarly, the maximum atd angle, which is more susceptible to environmental variation than the finger-tip ridge count, is much more deviant from the normal in DS. In both systems the less-stable trait in moreal populations in norm abnormal in DS. These data are consistent with a generalized amplified instability of development in DS.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Serum glutathione reductase and cystic fibrosis.

Serum glutathione reductase (NADPH-GSSG oxidoreductase, EC. 1.6.4.2 (GR)) has been examined in cystic fibrosis subjects (CF), obligate CF heterozygotes, and control subjects. Serum protein concentration was similar in the three groups. Regardless of the units used to express activity (milligrams of protein or milliters of serum) or whether or not samples were dialyzed against water or phosphate buffer, mean serum GR in CF was greater than in control subjects (P less than or equal to 0.002) in all series over several years. Under the above assay conditions no difference in serum GR between control subjects and carriers was detected. Calculated and assayed values of combined control and CF sera agreed as did expected and observed 50% activity in 1:2 sera dilutions in CF, control subjects, and carriers. Addition of FAD to incubation media did not effect enzyme activity in the three groups. Differences between CF and control subjects persisted after dialysis in membranes permitting passage of molecules of approximately 12,000 mol wt or less. These findings would tend to exclude the effect of extraneous serum factors in explaining the diffferences between CF and control subjects. The percentage of initial GR activity after four days storage (0-4 degrees) was significantly greater in CF than in control subjects (P less than 0.025). The effect of heparin on serum GR was recorded as the percentage of activity after incubation with heparin vs. activity in the standard assay for individual subjects. The effect of incubation with 5 mug/ml heparin on serum GR activity was greater in control subjects than in carriers (P less than 0.0005) and CF (P less than 0.0005). Mean serum GR activity in CF and carriers was unaffected by heparin, whereas mean activity in control subjects was decreased. In no control was the percentage of initial activity with heparin greater than the mean of CF and carrier groups. Only 3 of 20 CF and 4 of 20 carrier individuals had percentages lower than the control mean. The CF and carrier distributions were clearly different from the control distribution. Serum GR was determined in seven non-CF individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Activity in the COPD was different from CF and no different from control subjects. In none of these controls or COPD was serum GR as great as the CF mean. Serum GR in no CF was as low as the mean of control subjects or COPD. It is concluded that serum GR activity is greater in CF than in control subjects, carriers, and non-CF COPD subjects; that the difference in activity is not attributable to an extraneous serum factor, that the activity difference is not secondary to chronic respiratory disease; that in comparison with control subjects, GR from CF serum behaves differently after storage; and that serum GR from CF and carriers behaves differently from control GR in the presence of heparin.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1975

Insulin iontophoresis in cystic fibrosis.

Insulin and its vehicle without insulin were administered separately by iontophoresis to patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), obligate heterozygotes, and healthy controls. The resultant sweat chloride concentration after treatment with both preparations was compared in each individual. No difference after the two treatments was found in the control sample. A decrease in sweat chloride concentration after insulin iontophoresis in comparison with the vehicle was observed in both the CF (P smaller than 0.005) and heterozygote (P smaller than 0.01) samples. These observations suggest an involvement of insulin in CF and a possible role of insulin in sweat gland function.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1971

Cleft uvula: a microform of facial clefts and its genetic basis.

Prevalence estimates of cleft uvula (CU) in two Amerindian populations (and sib analyses in one) were obtained and compared with estimates from other racial groups. The data and their analyses support the contention that CU is a microform of facial clefts. The relative and parallel frequencies of facial and uvula clefts in different races and the sib analyses are most consistent with a quasicontinuous polygenic basis for facial clefts and their microforms.

Black People↗