Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B L Damron

Publications and source records attributed to B L Damron.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Precipitated bone phosphate in broiler chick diets.

Day-old Cobb x Cobb broiler chicks were housed in battery brooders for 21-day feeding periods during two experiments. Dietary treatments consisted of a corn-soybean starter feed (.37% total; .14% nonphytin phosphorus) supplemented with 0, .05, .10, .15, or .28% phosphorus in the form of dicalcium phosphate, precipitated bone phosphate, or a mixture of soft and precipitated phosphates (each providing 50% of the phosphorus addition). Total dietary calcium was held constant at .90%. Comparable dietary phosphorus from precipitated bone and the soft-precipitated mixture supported body weights statistically equivalent to those of dicalcium phosphate treatments. Tibia ash results at suboptimal phosphorus levels, with one exception, indicated statistically equal utilization from the soft-precipitated combination. Slope-ratio techniques using tibia ash and total nonphytin phosphorus intake established the bioavailability of phosphorus from precipitated bone was 120% when dicalcium phosphate was the standard. The data indicate that precipitated bone phosphate for broilers was fully equivalent in performance to dicalcium phosphate. Providing one-half the supplemental phosphorus from both soft phosphate and precipitated bone seemed to be an acceptable method of meeting practical phosphorus requirements.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1987

Short-term exposure of laying hens to high dietary sodium chloride levels.

Four replicate pens, each containing five individually caged hens received a corn-soy basal diet to which .4, 1, 2, 4, or 6% NaCl was added during two 21-day experiments. An additional bilevel treatment, approximating a reported commercial feed production problem, consisted of 6% NaCl for 7 days followed by .4% NaCl for the remaining 2 weeks. Egg production was significantly reduced by 4 and 6% NaCl in Experiment 1 and by 2, 4, and 6% NaCl in Experiment 2. The switchback treatment (6-.4% NaCl) did not statistically alter overall egg production in either experiment. Daily water consumption increased significantly when more than 1% NaCl was added, and subsequently with each feed addition. When 6% NaCl was fed for 7 days feed intake was quickly suppressed; this caused a rapid increase in water intake. Water intake returned to normal levels before the end of the second week. Daily feed intake was significantly reduced by a continuous feeding of 4% or more NaCl. A 1-week exposure to the 6% treatment suppressed feed intake quickly but intake recovered within one week. In both experiments, only the continuous 6% NaCl feeding regime of Experiment 1 resulted in a significant loss of body weight or a significant reduction of overall egg weight averages. Mortality was not a factor in either experiment. These data indicate that at least 2% NaCl in feed was required before any significant effects were noted, and that laying hens recovered from a 1-week exposure to 6% NaCl in feed within the following week.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Liquid methionine as a drinking water supplement for broiler chicks.

Three experiments were conducted to study the effect of a liquid methionine source supplied through the water on chick performance. Methionine at .025, .05, and .075% (Experiment 3, only) from the liquid source were added to the drinking water and compared with .05 and .075% (Experiment 2 and 3) dry methionine supplementation in a methionine-deficient basal. A dry DL-methionine was used for diet supplementation in Experiments 1 and 2, and both liquid and dry sources were used in Experiment 3. Day-old (Cobb) feather-sexed broiler chicks received these treatments for 3-week periods. Mortality was not significantly altered by any of the treatments. In two of the three experiments neither feed nor water intake was significantly affected by treatment. In Experiment 2, control birds consumed significantly less feed than other groups, and daily water intake of birds that received .05% supplemental feed methionine was elevated above that of other regimens. Fecal moisture and fecal sodium levels were not elevated above those measured from the unsupplemented basal. In all three studies comparable levels of methionine from feed or water supported equivalent body weights. Within the limits of these tests, liquid DL-methionine provided in the drinking water was effectively assimilated by broiler chicks and increased total methionine intake, which increased growth.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Response of broiler chickens to addition of bacitracin methylene disalicylate and roxarsone to diets containing halofuginone.

Studies were conducted at six locations over a 7-yr period to evaluate the response of broiler chickens to bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD) and roxarsone in the presence of diets containing 3 ppm halofuginone/kg feed. Treatments consisted of a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement with 0 or 55 mg BMD and 0 or 50 mg roxarsone/kg feed. These additives were fed beginning with day-old chicks and were removed 6 days before termination of the study, which varied in length from 48 to 56 days among locations. Body weights were significantly improved (P less than .05) by the addition of either BMD or roxarsone with a significant interaction (P less than .05) between BMD and roxarsone. Roxarsone improved body weights only in the presence of BMD. Feed utilization was significantly (P less than .05) improved by addition of either BMD or roxarsone, with no interaction between the two products.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

Utilization of sodium from sodium bicarbonate by broiler chicks.

Two experiments were performed with broiler chicks housed in battery brooders to ascertain their response to low levels of dietary sodium, supplied by either sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate, and to compare the utilization of sodium from the materials. In each experiment, three replicate pens containing seven female day-old chicks were offered each treatment for a 21-day feeding period. Sodium chloride levels of 0, .05, .10, .15, or .20% were a portion of the dietary treatments. Additional groups received the same basal supplemented with .072, .144, or .216% sodium bicarbonate in the first experiment and .072 or .144% during the second, in order to provide sodium levels comparable to those resulting from .05, .10, or .15% sodium chloride. Group body weights, water consumption, feed consumption, and manure moisture served as evaluation criteria. As the level of sodium chloride was increased, body weights, feed and water intake, and manure moisture also increased. In neither experiment were there significant differences between the body weights of birds receiving sodium bicarbonate and those resulting from feeding comparable levels of sodium from sodium chloride. Average daily feed and sodium intake also did not differ statistically between groups receiving comparable sodium from either source. Water intake tended to be somewhat higher for sodium bicarbonate treatments and was significantly so for the .144% sodium bicarbonate treatment of the second experiment. Manure moisture was somewhat variable and did not differ statistically between sources at the same sodium level. It is concluded that the sodium from sodium bicarbonate was utilized in a manner comparable to that from sodium chloride.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Bacitracin methylene disalicylate in broiler breeder feeds.

A 32-week experiment was carried out in floor pens with Cobb X Cobb breeder pullets that were 28 weeks old at initiation. Ten replicate pens, each containing 13 pullets and 2 males, received one of four dietary treatments. These treatments were either an unmedicated feed or 27.5, 55, or 110 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD). All feeds contained 13.2 mg/kg of hygromycin B. Feed was allocated at a rate of 159 g per day and water was provided continuously. Hen-day egg production was significantly improved by the feeding of 27.5 mg/kg or more of BMD. Egg weights were significantly lower for all groups receiving the drug. Eggs of birds receiving 110 mg/kg were significantly heavier than those produced with 27.5 mg/kg, but neither differed statistically from those of the 55 mg/kg group. Neither final body weight nor overall mortality was significantly related to treatment. Egg fertility was significantly improved by 27.5 mg/kg or more of BMD. Hatchability of fertile eggs was not affected by the drug, but total hatchability was significantly increased through BMD feeding, largely on the strength of improved fertility.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Sodium bioavailability from phosphate sources.

Two experiments were conducted with day-old broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age to measure the relative bioavailability of sodium from three commercially available defluorinated phosphates and two reagent sources (monosodium and dibasic sodium phosphate) compared to sodium chloride as the standard. Ten chicks were assigned to each pen in the first experiment and eight chicks in the second. Each diet was fed to three pens of males and three pens of females within an experiment. Feed-grade sodium chloride was added to a basal feed containing dicalcium phosphate in increments of .05% (0 to .25%) to provide total sodium levels from 180 to 967 ppm. Each of the defluorinated materials was substituted into the dicalcium basal at a level sufficient to provide one-half of the supplemental phosphorus. Reagent phosphate sources were added to the basal in amounts sufficient to supply .059% sodium, the same amount as provided by .15% sodium chloride. Reagent grade ammonium chloride was added to treatment diets to ensure a level of .156% total chloride. Mortality was related to sodium level and was excessive only for the treatment receiving no supplementation. Significant manure moisture increases were associated with up to .10% supplemental sodium chloride. Slope-ratio calculations of sodium availability, using body weight and daily sodium intake, revealed average availability values over the experiment ranging from 83.9 to 89.8% for the three defluorinated sources. Availability for monobasic sodium phosphate was calculated to be 91.8%, while that of the dibasic source was somewhat higher at 97.2%.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1984

Beta-carotene supplementation of laying hen diets.

The possibility of beta-carotene affecting production of hens or hatchability of eggs was studied over 252 d with diets based on white maize containing 0, 1.5, 6.75 or 15 mg added beta-carotene/kg. Egg production, food intake, food utilisation, egg weight, and egg specific gravity were not affected significantly by beta-carotene. Egg fertility, hatchability and final body weights of hens were also not significantly influenced. Reflectance measurements showed that dietary beta-carotene resulted in increased deposition and more intense pigmentation in the egg yolk.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Sodium chloride for broiler breeders.

Two experiments, each of 224 days duration, were conducted with Cobb broiler breeders, 32 weeks of age, to determine their response to supplemental dietary sodium chloride levels ranging from .12 to .48% in a corn-soybean meal diet. Average hen-day egg production, daily feed intake, feed required per dozen eggs, and egg specific gravity were not significantly influenced by any level of supplemental sodium chloride. Egg weights from hens receiving .36% sodium chloride were significantly heavier than those of birds that consumed .12 and .24% sodium chloride but not those of the .18 and .48% sodium chloride treatments. Egg fertility was significantly depressed by .48% sodium chloride and numerically reduced by .36%. Hatchability of fertile eggs was not found to be affected, but overall hatchability of eggs from .36 and .48% supplemental sodium chloride treatments was significantly lower than that supported by the least sodium chloride level provided, .12%. These data indicate that current National Research Council (1977) sodium requirements for heavy breeders (200 mg/day) may provide at least 23% more sodium than is required (less than or equal to 154 mg/day) and that daily sodium intakes in the range of 320 to 420 mg may reduce fertility in broiler breeders.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of dietary fiber on the bioavailability of folic acid monoglutamate.

Low bioavailability of folacin has been previously reported for a variety of foods of plant origin. This study was conducted to examine the possible role of various types of dietary fiber on the bioavailability of folic acid monoglutamate. Cellulose, pectin, lignin, sodium alginate and wheat bran were selected for their differing physical and chemical properties. In vitro binding studies by equilibrium dialysis showed no evidence of physical or chemical binding of folic acid under physiological conditions. In vivo effects were evaluated by a chick bioassay with graded levels of folic acid in semipurified diets containing the fiber materials at 3% (weight/weight). Total liver and plasma folacin concentration and chick growth were used as response indicators. Dose-response curves indicated that pectin, lignin and alginate significantly reduced chick growth at all levels of dietary folacin. Plasma and liver folacin dose-response curves were not significantly different for any of the fiber materials, which indicated that the growth impairment was not due to a fiber effect on folic acid absorption. These results suggest that added dietary fiber has little or no effect on the bioavailability of folic acid monoglutamate.

Alginates↗
PubMed1981

Effects of selected polysaccharides on the bioavailability of pyridoxine in rats and chicks.

The effects of cellulose, pectin and bran on the bioavailability of pyridoxine (PN) were examined using rat and chick bioassay methods. Dose-response curves for growth, feed consumption, feed efficiency and either lever pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) or erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase (Asp-AT) activity and PLP stimulation in vitro were compared among animals fed experimental diets varying in dietary fiber source and suboptimal levels. of PN. In rats, the observed stimulation of growth and feed efficiency by pectin, as compared to cellulose, at suboptimal PN levels was attributed to increased synthesis of vitamin B-6 intestinal microflora. Diets containing pectin markedly increased the fecal vitamin B-6 content. No difference in liver PLP was detected among rats fed various diets. In chicks, 5% dietary pectin resulted in increased feed consumption, but also diarrhea and depressed growth. Asp-AT activities at the lower level of dietary PN showed a significant (P greater than 0.05) but modest stimulating effect of pectin on the apparent bioavailability of PN. Bran resulted in a 17% bioavailability decrease of PN as indicated by growth and feed consumption data in the chick. However, no difference in Asp-AT activity or in vitro PLP stimulation was detected in comparison of responses from bran-fed chicks with the standard responses. These results suggest that the polysaccharides tested did not have important deleterious effects on the bioavailability of pyridoxine.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The response of Bobwhite quail chicks to dietary ammonium and an antibiotic-vitamin supplement when fed B1 aflatoxin.

Dietary ammonium phosphate and a water soluble antibiotic-vitamin supplement were tested as possible means of preventing or minimizing the effects of aflatoxin in the diet of Bobwhite quail chicks. Aflatoxin (B1) was added to the diet at levels of 0, 0.4 and .8 ppm in Experiment 1 and 0, .8 and 1.2 ppm in Experiment 2. In addition, ammonium phosphate was included in the diet at levels of 0 or 1.46% and an antibiotic-vitamin supplement was added to the drinking water at 0 or 600 mg/liter. All treatments were given from 1 to 32 days of age in Experiment 1 and 1 to 28 days of age in Experiment 2. The addition of aflatoxin to the diet resulted in decreased body weight, feed consumption and percent tibia ash, increased mortality and increased feed required per unit of body weight. The addition of ammonia to the diet in the form of monoammonium phosphate did not alleviate the effects of aflatoxin. Water supplementation with an antibiotic-vitamin mixture improved weight and feed efficiency and decreased mortality of chicks receiving aflatoxin.

Aflatoxins↗
PubMed1977

Effect of wet litter and supplemental biotin and/or whey on the production of foot pad dermatitis in broilers.

An experiment was conducted to determine whether increasing the moisture content of the litter would increase foot pad dermatitis in broilers, and to determine whether supplemental biotin or dried whey would affect this condition. Broilers grown on wet litter had significantly increased incidence of foot pad dermatitis. The addition of 3% of partially delactosed whey to the diet resulted in increasing the foot pad dermatis. The addition of biotin decreased foot pad dermatis. Examination of foot pad tissue indicated that the birds receiving the control diet were deficient in biotin.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Lead toxicity of bobwhite quail.

Five experiments were conducted involving both juvenile and adult Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to study the toxicity of lead acetate, lead shot, powdered lead and antimony. Performance of juvenile birds receiving up to 1,500 p.p.m. of lead as lead acetate was not significantly influenced during the six-week experimental period. Feeding 3,000 p.p.m. lead as lead acetate was not significantly influenced during the six-week experimental period. Feeding 3,000 p.p.m. lead as lead acetate was associated with a significant depression of body weight and an increase in mortality. Feeding growing quail up to 2,000 p.p.m. lead from either lead acetate or powdered lead, 3 or 6% antimony (as % of shot dosage or 5 lead shot per week caused no significant effects upon either body weight or mortality. No significant trends were noted in body weight, feed intake, semen quality or organ weight of adult quail that received up to 1,500 p.p.m. lead from lead acetate. Dosing adult Bobwhite quail cocks with 10 or more lead shot per week caused a significant increase in nortality, and more than 90% of those dosed with 30 shot per week died by the end of four weeks.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

The dietary-fecal relationship of calcium and phosphorus levels in White Leghorn hens.

Fecal samples were collected from individually caged White Leghorn hens in two experiments to determine the relationship of dietary and fecal levels of calcium and phosphorus. Data indicated that fecal levels of both calcium and phosphorus increased with increased dietary levels and could be directly altered as their dietary counterparts were varied.

Animals↗