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Biomedical subjects

B L Bates

Publications and source records attributed to B L Bates.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The effect of demands for honesty on the efficacy of the Carleton Skills-Training program.

30 low hypnotizable Ss were administered the Carleton Skills-Training (CST) program. Prior to testing, 15 Ss were administered honesty instructions (Bowers, 1967) in an effort to encourage responses that were consistent with subjective experiences and to dissuade Ss from performing in a manner intended to please E. Posttraining hypnotizability scores for Ss given honesty instructions were consistently smaller than those for 15 Ss who did not receive these instructions, implying that scores for the latter group exaggerate the extent to which hypnotic experiences are altered by the CST program. The pattern of results supports the view that demand characteristics contribute to the efficacy of the CST program, and that improvements in actual hypnotic talent are more limited than Spanos' original work implies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The nature of hypnotic performance following administration of the Carleton Skills Training program.

30 low hypnotizable Ss were administered the Carleton Skills Training (CST) program, while 8 were assigned to a practice group. Prior to treatment, an attempt was made to facilitate training by altering the ecological conditions of the laboratory. All Ss were tested immediately after treatment, and trained Ss were retested after 5-7 months. Immediate training gains were large and were comparable in magnitude to those routinely found at Carleton University. In addition, (a) trained Ss responded comparably whether screened once or twice, (b) practice alone did not enhance hypnotic performance, and (c) natural high hypnotizable Ss obtained significantly larger Field Inventory of Hypnotic Depth (Field, 1965) scores than created high hypnotizables. Follow-up scores fell between scores posted at screening and immediately after training. Current findings are interpreted in the context of existing evidence concerning the CST program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Modifying hypnotizability with the Carleton Skills Training program: a partial replication and analysis of components.

3 standard components of the Carleton Skills Training (CST) program--information, modeling, and instructions--were administered in 1 of 3 sequences to 12 low-hypnotizable Ss. Hypnotizability measures were obtained after each component was given, as well as before and after training. Although objective scores showed significant gains from screening to testing, subjective scores did not, suggesting that while training encouraged behavioral compliance, few Ss learned to have the subjective experiences traditionally associated with hypnosis. Results from the component analysis were clear and consistent: whether instructions were presented first, second, or third in the training sequence, no significant changes occurred until this component was provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Modifying hypnotic suggestibility with the Carleton Skills Training program.

The Carleton Skills Training (CST) program was used to investigate (a) whether increases in hypnotic responsiveness obtained at Carleton University could be replicated at a different laboratory, (b) the influence of demand characteristics on suggestibility gains, and (c) whether initial gains are maintained over time. After two screening sessions, a replication and experimental group received the CST program, while a control group was allowed to practice hypnotic responding. All groups were then tested twice. Whereas the replication group was told that training and testing were part of the same experiment, the experimental group was told that training and testing were unrelated. Trained subjects returned after 4 months for a final session. Results indicated that (a) the CST program does increase hypnotic responsiveness, (b) suggestibility gains found in this study were relatively modest, (c) demand characteristics may influence suggestibility gains, and (d) suggestibility gains were not maintained at follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Gas chromatographic determination of micro amounts of cyanide residues in wines, distilled liquors, and other alcoholic beverages.

A gas chromatographic method for the determination of cyanide residues in alcoholic beverages has been developed from procedures previously reported for application to water samples. Quantitatively isolating HCN from alcoholic beverages presented difficulties not encountered with aqueous solutions, particularly in the presence of S02 in the sample. HCN was liberated from the acidified sample by heating at 70 degrees C, flushed into an NaOH absorber solution, converted to cyanogen bromide (CNBr), extracted into diisopropyl ether, chromatographed on a Porapak Q column, and detected by an electron capture detector. S02 that is present in most wines interfered with the bromination step and caused low recoveries. This interference was eliminated by initially converting any cyanide present in the sample to the stable mercuric cyanide salt and then purging the acidified sample solution of all S02. The Hg(CN)2 present was then dissociated by adding KI and the analysis proceeded as previously described. Mean recoveries of 80-97% were obtained for 2-20 mug cyanide from replicate analyses of spiked samples of distilled liquors free of S02. The relative standard deviations ranged from 6.1 to 11.1%. Mean recoveries of 65 to 91% were obtained in the same range of cyanide from replicate analyses of spiked wine samples known to contain S02, with relative standard deviations ranging from 0.8 to 10.2%. The limit of detection was 0.2 mug HCN.

Alcoholic Beverages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychosocial and immune effects of self-hypnosis training for stress management throughout the first semester of medical school.

This study was a 19-week prospective conducted to determine the effectiveness of a self-hypnosis/relaxation intervention to relieve symptoms of psychological distress and moderate immune system reactivity to examination stress in 35 first-year medical students. Twenty-one subjects were randomly selected for training in the use of self-hypnosis as a coping skill and were encouraged to practice regularly and to maintain daily diary records related to mood, sleep, physical symptoms, and frequency of relaxation practice. An additional 14 subjects received no explicit training in stress-reduction strategies, but completed similar daily diaries. Self-report psychosocial and symptom measures, as well as blood draws, were obtained at four time points: orientation, late semester, examination period, and postsemester recovery. It was found that significant increases in stress and fatigue occurred during the examination period, paralleled by increases in counts of B lymphocytes and activated T lymphocytes, PHA-induced and PWM-induced blastogenesis, and natural killer cell (NK) cytotoxicity. No immune decreases were observed. Subjects in the self-hypnosis condition reported significantly less distress and anxiety than their nonintervention counterparts, but the two groups did not differ with respect to immune function. Nevertheless, within the self-hypnosis group, the quality of the exercises (ie, relaxation ratings) predicted both the number of NK cells and NK activity. It was concluded that stress associated with academic demands affects immune function, but immune suppression is not inevitable. Practice of self-hypnosis reduces distress, without differential immune effects. However, individual responses to the self-hypnosis intervention appear to predict immune outcomes.

Adult↗