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Biomedical subjects

B L Baker

Publications and source records attributed to B L Baker.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Siblings of children with severe handicaps.

Interviews with 24 children ages 9 to 13 about life with their younger siblings who had severe handicaps revealed a consistently high level of involvement, strong feelings of responsibility, and an emphasis on positive aspects of family life. Hardships were not denied, but these children appeared to be faring better than children studied in earlier research, before schooling for children with handicaps and other supports for their families were mandated.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Effectiveness of a phosphorous educational program for dialysis patients.

Fifty-four percent of all dialysis patients followed by a single center had elevated serum phosphorus levels on more than 25% of all measurements. A phosphorus patient education program was developed and implemented and knowledge was measured with a pretest and posttest. The continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis group had a significant increase in knowledge and a minor, but statistically significant, decrease in serum phosphorus after participating in the education program. In contrast, center hemodialysis patients did not demonstrate a significant increase in knowledge or decrease in serum phosphorus. These different outcomes could not be attributed to specific differences between the two groups. Serum phosphorus control is a complex process, and this education program did not result in a clinically significant improvement in serum phosphorus levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Media-based versus professionally led training for parents of mentally retarded children.

A media-based program for parents of mentally retarded children presented information on self-help skill teaching primarily through videotapes and instructional manuals. Sixty-one families were randomly assigned to media-based training, the same curriculum with a professional leader, or a delayed-training control condition. Media-trained families evaluated their program very positively and showed significantly greater gains than did control parents on all but one outcome measure. Live training increased parents' knowledge of behavioral principles more than did media-based training, but otherwise the results of the two conditions were quite similar. Media-based programs may be a cost-effective way to make parent training more widely available.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Training parents of retarded children: program-specific outcomes.

This study examined the specificity of outcome in a group behavior modification training program for parents of developmentally disabled children. Fifteen families were randomly assigned to either a Parents as Teachers or Parents as Advocates course. Measures of behavior modification knowledge and skill, and advocacy knowledge and skill were administered to all subjects pre and post training. On three of the four outcome measures, subjects demonstrated gains that were specific to their training program. The effects of nonspecific factors appear to have been minimal.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effectiveness of alternative parent training formats.

Alternative formats were compared for training parents of retarded children to teach self-help skills and manage problem behaviors. Sixty-six families with moderately to severely retarded children ages 3-13 were assigned for 3 months to group parent training (n = 37), individual parent training (n = 16), or delayed training control (n = 13). Measures administered before and after training evaluated: (1) parent knowledge of behavior modification, (2) a behavior sample of parent teaching, and (3) child self-help skills and behavior problems. Trained families gained significantly more than control families on parent measures but not on the child self-help skill measure. Group and individually trained families demonstrated almost identical gains. At a 6-month follow-up, group and individually trained families continued to show equal performance. Group training requires about half the professional time per family as individual training, and therefore seems a more cost-effective approach.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Behavioral training for parents of mentally retarded children: prediction of outcome.

Prediction models for outcome of behavioral parent training were developed. Forty-nine families completed a training program for parents of mentally retarded children and were followed-up 14 months later. The outcome variables were the mother's posttraining knowledge of behavioral principles and follow-through programming. Predictor variables included parents' socioeconomic status, education, pretraining experience, performance during training, and child characteristics. The relationships between predictor and outcome variables were utilized in discriminant analyses to yield prediction formulae. The accuracy of predictions and their clinical implications were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Behavioral training for parents of mentally retarded children: one-year follow-up.

Ninety-five families who had completed a 20-week behavioral-training program for parents of retarded children (Heifetz, 1977) were re-contacted 14 months later. An in-home interview and several questionnaires assessed maintenance of child gains and parents' knowledge of programming principles, as well as the extent and quality of continued and new programming, perceived obstacles to home teaching, and perceived effects of the training program. Parents had retained their knowledge of programming principles, and the children had retained their original skill gains. Many families had initiated some teaching of new skills, although few parents carried out regular formal teaching sessions. Almost one-half of the families were classified as having continued to employ useful or very useful teaching. The main perceived obstacles to home-teaching were limitations in time, in the child's learning ability, in the parent's teaching ability, and in professional support. The implications of these follow-up results for future training programs were discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Developmental correlation between hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone and hypophysial luteinizing hormone.

Considerable evidence indicates that the pituitary-gonadal axis is active in the fetus, but little is known about the relative times in development when the brain begins to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and the hypophysis begins to secrete gonadotropin. The objective was to correlate the time of appearance of GnRH in the median eminence and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) with differentiation of LH-gonadotropes in the hypophysis of the fetal mouse by means of immunocytochemistry. Mice were studied at 15, 16, 17 and 19 days of gestation with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method of Sternberger, GnRH was first detected at 17 days of gestation in presumptive axons and axon terminals located adjacent to the superficial portal capillaries near the surface of the median eminence and close to the capillaries of the OVLT. LH-gonadotropes also were found initially at 17 days of gestation. They were prominent in the ventral half of the pars distalis. Most of these cells were ovoid or slightly angular, and almost all abutted one of the numerous sinusoidal capillaries present at this age in development. The number and staining intensity of both LH-gonadotropes and GnRH foci increased by 19 days. The close temporal relationship between the developmental appearance of GnRH and its target cell, the gonadotrope, provides further evidence that the potential for neuroendocrine control of gonadotropin secretion exists in the fetal mouse as early as 17 days of gestation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

A copper-binding immunoglobulin from a myeloma patient. Purification, identification, and physical characterization.

A copper.protein complex present in the serum of a hypercupremic myeloma patient has been purified to homogeneity using gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and concanavalin A/Sepharose affinity chromatography. Immunoelectrophoresis and hemagglutination inhibition tests showed the copper-bound protein to be an IgG1-type immunoglobulin with lambda light chains. The immunoglobulin is of normal molecular weight (150,000) with normal size light and heavy chains (28,000 and 56,000, respectively). The carbohydrate portion of the molecule appears to be abnormal in that it interacts with concanavalin A, whereas most immunoglobulins of the gammaG-type do not. The copper in the native copper.IgG complex is in an EPR-indeterminable valence state. Copper was efficiently removed from the copper.IgG complex by dialysis against 0.1 M potassium cyanide. The apo-IgG was separated from the copper.cyanide complex by gel filtration. The copper complex was reconstituted by equilibrating the apo-IgG with 7.7 muM cupric ions.

Carrier Proteins↗
PubMed1978

Cytology and distribution of secretory cell types in the mouse hypophysis as demonstrated with immunocytochemistry.

Since differential chemical staining has been unsatisfactory for demonstration of specific secretory cell types in the hypophyseal pars distalis of the mouse, the objective of this study was to determine whether the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical procedure might be more effective. Accordingly, representative sections from the hypophyses of 17 female and 15 male adult mice of the Swiss-Webster strain were immunostained, 16 antisera to 5 pituitary hormones or their subunits being utilized. Five secretory cell types were demonstrated. Somatotropes were ovoid to spheroidal and distributed quite generally in the gland except for the "sex zone" where they were scarce. Somatotropes were larger and more numerous in the male than in the female. Mammotropes were polyhedral and also generally distributed in the gland except for the "sex zone" where few were observed. Mammotropes were larger and more numerous in the female than in the male. Corticotropes were small, stellate and few. They were most common near the ventral surface of the gland and formed bilateral centromedial groups in the lateral wings. Thyrotropes were usually large and polyhedral. They were restricted almost solely to the ventral region of the pars distalis. Gonadotropes were polyhedral, and generally distributed, except for aggregation in the cephalomedian "sex zone." Most gonadotropes appeared to contain both luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. Thus, all secretory cell types recognized in other species can be demonstrated readily in the mouse hypophysis with immunocytochemistry.

Animals↗