Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

B Kumar

Publications and source records attributed to B Kumar.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Repeated percutaneous internal jugular cannulation using flow directed Swan Ganz catheter.

The use of flow directed Swan Ganz catheters has provided an additional dimension in improving patient care in the intensive care units. We undertook repeated Swan Ganz catheterization in 26 patients with congestive cardiac failure on 65 occasions to evaluate the effect of vasodilator drugs. The same internal jugular vein was used. No significant complications were noted.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

An analysis of thirty years of contributions to the British anaesthetic literature (1953-1982).

A thirty-year review of the two major British anaesthetic journals, Anaesthesia and the British Journal of Anaesthesia, was undertaken. Overseas contributors accounted for 30% of the total articles published, with North America providing the greatest proportion. The remainder of the contributions came from the United Kingdom. The British contributions were analysed for content and origin. The North West Thames Region with 9%, contributed the single largest percentage of the British articles. There was a marked difference in the Regional contributions, not invariably linked to the size of the Authority or the number of University Departments. Over the thirty-year period there was a progressive increase in the number of published articles and an increase in the proportion of overseas contributors.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1984

Aspirin inhibition of platelet deposition at angioplasty sites: demonstration by platelet scintigraphy.

In-111 platelet scintigraphy was used to evaluate the effects of prior aspirin administration on the accumulation of In-111-labeled autologous platelets at sites of arterial injury resulting from iliac, femoral, or popliteal transluminal angioplasty in a nonrandomized study of 17 men. The degree of platelet localization at angioplasty sites was significantly less in nine men who had received aspirin in varying doses within the 4 days before angioplasty than in eight men who had not received aspirin for at least two weeks. Our results suggest that aspirin treatment before angioplasty limits the early platelet deposition at the angioplasty site in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Improved interpretation of gated cardiac images by use of digital filters.

The authors describe a digital filter that greatly enhances the quality of gated cardiac blood-pool images. Spatial filtering is accomplished with a minimum-mean-square-error (Wiener) filter incorporating measured camera blur and Poisson noise statistics. A low-pass temporal filter is then applied to each pixel, with the cutoff frequency determined from measurements of frequency spectra in 20 patients. This filter was evaluated in routine clinical use for nearly one year and found to significantly improve chamber definition, delineate wall motion abnormalities better, and reduce noise. To quantitatively assess the effect of the filter on image interpretation, four experienced observers evaluated wall motion in a series of mathematically simulated left ventricular images. ROC analysis revealed that accuracy in assessing wall motion was significantly greater with the filtered images.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal and ischemic femoral head.

The femoral heads of 38 normal and 20 abnormal patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The normal femoral head is surrounded by a thin, sharply defined, low-intensity cortex. The medullary cavity has a strong signal intensity in all imaging sequences due to the large content of marrow fat and hematopoietic cells. Crossing the high-intensity marrow is a thin, curvilinear, transverse, low-intensity line representing the physis and a broad, vertically oriented, low-intensity band resulting from the prominent central weight-bearing trabeculae. Anatomic structures can be identified on all scanning sequences if the examinations are technically satisfactory, although images with the best clarity and detail are obtained by using short echo times. MRI of patients with ischemic necrosis revealed areas of low intensity in the femoral heads. The abnormal areas may take the form of homogeneous regions of decreased signal intensity, inhomogeneous areas of low intensity, bands of low intensity, or rings of low intensity with higher signal intensity centrally. No correlation was found among the specific MRI patterns, the stage of the disease, the radiographic appearance, or the radionuclide bone scan findings. MRI was abnormal in all cases where the radiographs or the scintigraphs (or both) were abnormal. MRI also was abnormal in several cases where either radiographs or scintigraphs produced false-negative results.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Anhidrosis with anisocoria: clinical and autonomic evaluation.

Four patients with anhidrosis associated with normal sweat glands at skin biopsy are reported. One patient had a positive family history. All of them had pupillary asymmetry. Pharmacologic tests evinced evidence of parasympathetic denervation of the pupil in three and sympathetic denervation in the other patient. Autonomic function tests revealed intact cardiovascular reflexes. Restricted involvement of functionally and geographically distant population of autonomic neurons suggests their possible ontogenetic or biochemical similarities.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Gestational carcinoma of the female breast.

Few neoplastic diseases can equal the amazing complexity and sheer perversity of carcinoma of the breast. No doubt as many decades of research lie ahead in its study as already have passed. Clinicians have long appreciated the special relationship of the disease to gestation. Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer during pregnancy represent only a small part of this fascinating relationship. Although indispensable as research tools, animal models pertain to the human disease only in limited, ill-defined ways. The etiology of human breast cancer remains unclear; chemical, viral, hormonal, genetic, and immunologic theories have all been put forward as possibilities. Although gestation clearly alters both the initiation and growth of mammary tumors, its exact role in the various theoretical considerations remains a mystery. The obstetrician-gynecologist holds an important front-line position in the war against breast cancer, as does any provider of primary care to women, and, indeed, as do women themselves. Rather than decrease vigilance during pregnancy, the physician should pursue with extra vigor any breast mass discovered in the gravid patient, when the clinical examination is even less reliable than usual. The finding of a breast mass usually necessitates biopsy. Except for the inclusion of specific pregnancy-related problems, such as galactocele, the diagnostic spectrum of breast masses removed during pregnancy does not differ from that in nonpregnant women. The discovery of a highly suspicious breast mass, or the confirmed biopsy diagnosis of malignancy, in a pregnant patient should indicate the need for referral to a surgical oncologist versed in this unusual problem. The best approach to gestational breast cancer continues to be the team approach, with consultation from specialists in obstetrics, surgical oncology, anesthesiology, nuclear medicine, radiology, radiation oncology, pathology, and medical oncology. The age and general condition of the patient, the extent of the tumor, the stage of gestation, and the informed opinions of the patient and her spouse help to determine the therapeutic strategy. Careful staging not only guides present therapy but also the therapy of future victims through continued investigation. Most surgeons favor operation without delay if cure seems within reach. Mastectomy, with or without cesarean section, can be accomplished without detriment in the hands of a knowledgeable surgeon-anesthesiologist team. By following certain guidelines, the search for metastasis can be conducted safely and appropriately. The clinical situation occasionally may require the initiation of adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy during pregnancy, by experienced consultants. Ongoing studies of tissue hormone receptors and cell kinetics will continue to give insight into the effects of gestational hormones on breast cancer and can aid in the selection of treatment options for the individual patient...

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMed1983

Renal lesions in leprosy amongst north Indian patients.

Sixty consecutive patients with leprosy were investigated for renal involvement. Clinically overt renal disease was present in 4 patients; 3 presented with a nephrotic state and one patient with progressive renal failure. Urinalysis showed daily protein loss ranging from 0.4 to 8.9 g in 8 patients and microscopic haematuria in 4 cases. Elevated levels of blood urea and creatinine were seen only in one patient with diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis. Of the 36 patients in whom distal tubular functions were evaluated, concentration and/or acidification defects were detected in 9 patients (25%). Renal histology revealed no abnormality in any of these patients. Serum C3 levels were decreased in 5 patients with lepromatous leprosy and 3 patients with borderline leprosy. Histological evidence of renal involvement was detected in 9 patients (15%). Amyloid deposits were seen in 3 (5%) patients of whom 2 had lepromatous leprosy and one had tuberculoid leprosy with chronic trophic ulcers. Mesangial proliferative lesions were seen in 5 (8.3%) and diffuse proliferative lesions (with crescents in more than 70% of glomeruli) in one patient. All of them had lepromatous leprosy. Three of the 5 patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis had erythema nodosum leprosum at the time of biopsy. Immunofluorescence studies revealed granular deposits of IgA, IgM and C3 in one patient with mesangial proliferation and IgA/IgM with or without C3 in 3 more patients in whom renal histology was normal. Glomerulonephritis associated with leprosy appears to be immune mediated but confirmation requires identification of lepra antigen in the glomerular immune complex deposits.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Lymphocyte subpopulations in mice infected with Mycobacterium leprae.

T and B cells were quantitated from the spleen of M. leprae infected mice and correlated with bacillary count in the foot pad. Lymphocyte transformation with PHA and M. leprae (armadillo) antigens was also studied during different months of infection. T cell counts dropped gradually but significantly throughout the course of infection. B cells had a concomitant rise up to 6 months and then registered a fall as compared to the initial control figures. Transformation of lymphocytes with PHA fell significantly after 4th month til the end of the experiment, whereas stimulation index for armadillo antigen rose gradually from 3rd month onwards to reach a peak at 6th month and then fell till the end of the experiment with increasing bacterial population whereas B-cell counts showed little change.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of dapsone (DDS) on T-cells and their response to PHA and lepromin in tuberculoid leprosy patients.

T and B cell counts and their response to PHA and lepromin were studied in 46 patients of polar tuberculoid leprosy (TT), divided into two age and sex matched groups. Twenty five normal healthy controls were similarly investigated. While one group consisted of 26 untreated TT patients, the other included 20 individuals who had taken dapsone, 50 mg daily, for 12 to 14 months. There was significant decrease in the number of T-lymphocytes and their response to PHA and lepromin was lower in the treated, as compared to the untreated patients and normal persons. No significant change was found in the number of B-lymphocytes in any of the groups.

B-Lymphocytes↗