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Biomedical subjects

B Kruse

Publications and source records attributed to B Kruse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.

Multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging permits metabolic analysis of brain tissue in vivo by data acquisition in four oblique axial slices, each 15-mm thick and divided into 0.8-ml single-volume elements. We applied this technique to the systematic study of 25 patients with adrenoleukodystrophy: 3 with the severe childhood or adult cerebral form of the disease, 5 with adrenomyeloneuropathy, 12 with no demonstrable neurological involvement, and 5 women heterozygous for adrenoleukodystrophy who had some degree of neurological disability. Abnormalities on magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging included a reduction in N-acetyl aspartate, an increase in choline-containing compounds, and at times, an increase in lactate. Five patients showed abnormalities in the presence of normal-appearing magnetic resonance images, and in 8 other patients the alterations on spectroscopic images were more severe than those demonstrable by magnetic resonance imaging. Correlation with clinical course suggests that an increase in the choline-containing compounds is associated with an active demyelinative process, whereas such compounds are not elevated in lesions that are stable. We conclude that magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging is a more sensitive indicator of early neurological involvement than is magnetic resonance imaging, and that the character of abnormalities detected by the former technique may serve as a gauge of the degree of activity of the demyelinating process and as a guide to the selection and evaluation of therapeutic approaches.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in a patient with L-2-hydroxyglutaric acidemia.

Morphologic appearance and metabolic disturbances of the brain of a patient with L-2-hydroxyglutaric acidemia were investigated with use of magnetic resonance imaging and localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo. Whereas magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased internal and external cerebrospinal fluid spaces as well as patchy white matter lesions, metabolic deviations included a 50% decrease of N-acetylaspartate (neuronal marker), a 75% increase of myo-inositol (glial marker), and a 40% decrease of choline-containing compounds in white matter relative to age-matched controls. A clinical deterioration of the patient was clearly reflected in a follow-up examination 22 mo later, resulting in a further reduction of N-acetylaspartate and a more pronounced enhancement of myo-inositol. No elevation of lactate was observed. The magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings are in line with a generalized neurodegenerative process in L-2-hydroxyglutaric acidemia but also suggest a defect in phosphatidyl inositol metabolism of glial cells.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Alterations of brain metabolites in metachromatic leukodystrophy as detected by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo.

The brain morphology and chemistry of seven children with late infantile (4/7) and juvenile (3/7) forms of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) were investigated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Patients who were examined at least 6 months after the onset of symptoms (6/7) had severe leukodystrophic changes on MRI. Proton MRS revealed a marked reduction of the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate in white and grey matter and elevated lactate in demyelinated areas. In contrast to other leukodystrophies MLD patients showed a generalized increase of brain myo-inositol (2- to 3-fold in white matter), indicating a specific role in the pathophysiology of demyelination in MLD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Diffuse white matter disease in three children: an encephalopathy with unique features on magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Amongst 21 children with unclassified white matter diseases three patients could be characterised by an identical clinical picture, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings as a probably distinct entity. Following a normal early development they later showed rapidly progressive motor symptoms (ataxia, spasticity) leading to severe handicap within one or two years after onset. Later on bulbar symptoms, optic atrophy and epileptic seizures occurred. The MRI showed a diffuse homogeneous hypodensity of the white matter almost identical to the signal of the ventricles. MRS revealed a near total absence of N-acetylaspartate, choline and creatine and an increase of lactate and glucose. One girl and one boy were siblings, indicating an autosomal recessive trait.

Aspartic Acid↗
PubMed1993

Tubular carcinoma of the breast: mammographic appearance.

OBJECTIVE: Tubular carcinoma of the breast is an uncommon malignant growth that can have subtle mammographic findings. Tubular carcinoma is usually found incidentally during screening mammography. It can be differentiated from conventional breast cancers by its smallness and the lack of palpable findings on physical examination of the breast. The mammographic findings in patients with pure tubular carcinoma (90% tubular formation or greater on histologic examination) have not been reported in the recent radiologic literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the mammographic and sonographic findings and clinical histories of 13 patients with biopsy-proved pure tubular carcinoma. Findings on physical examination of the breast were normal in nine patients. RESULTS: On mammograms, 11 of the 13 tubular carcinomas appeared as small (1.7-cm diameter or less) spiculated masses. The average tumor diameter measured on mammograms was 0.8 cm in patients with normal results of physical examination of the breasts and 1.2 cm in patients with a palpable mass. In two patients, mammography showed suspicious microcalcifications or normal findings. Sonography was performed in three patients and results were normal. CONCLUSION: Tubular carcinoma of the breast manifests mammographically as a small spiculated mass. Because of their smallness, tubular carcinomas can be differentiated from other forms of infiltrating ductal carcinoma on mammograms. Tubular carcinomas are most frequently found incidentally at screening mammography. With the growing emphasis on screening mammography, an increase in the detection of this form of breast cancer can be expected.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Multiple sclerosis in children: cerebral metabolic alterations monitored by localized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo.

In vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of 8 children (7-16 years) with established multiple sclerosis revealed distinct alterations in regional cerebral metabolism associated with different aspects of the disease: (1) Localized proton spectra (2 to 4-ml volumes of interest) from multiple sclerosis plaques were generally characterized by a decrease in N-acetylaspartate and creatine, and an increase in cholines and myo-inositol relative to age-matched control subjects, (2) neither chronic nor enhancing plaques (by gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) during an acute exacerbation showed elevated levels of lactate or lipids, (3) spectra from adjacent white matter that did not appear suspicious in magnetic resonance images were similar to those of normal control subjects, and (4) cortical gray matter related to neighboring multiple sclerosis lesions showed a notable reduction of N-acetylaspartate. The present results show that functional impairment in multiple sclerosis is linked to gross metabolic disturbances of neuronal cell chemistry. We suggest that focal demyelination is accompanied by increased membrane precursors of proliferative turnover and is associated with secondary neuronal shrinkage or loss, perhaps extending into related cortical gray matter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Multiple sclerosis in childhood: report of 15 cases.

We report the preliminary results of an ongoing study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in childhood. The investigations include an analysis of the clinical picture and course. Multiple sclerosis in early childhood may present atypically, with a symptomatology suggesting diffuse encephalomyelitis, meningeal reaction, brain oedema, seizures, impaired consciousness and in some cases take a lethal course. Imaging studies including MRI and MR-spectroscopy, CSF-analysis, electrophysiology (VEP, BAEP, SER), and virological and immunological investigations are performed. So far 15 children have been studied. Their age at the onset of the disease ranged from 3 to 15 years. Abnormal CSF-findings with pleocytosis and oligoclonal IgG bands were present in 11 and 10 out of 15 patients respectively. MRI revealed numerous white matter lesions in the brain stem and cerebral hemispheres. VEP, BAEP and SER's were abnormal in most children. Proton magnetic resonance spectra from plaques exhibited a 50-80% decrease in N-acetyl aspartate, which is a potential marker of vital neuronal tissue, a decrease of the creatine pool and an increase of choline-containing compounds. Lactate was not increased. Our observations of MS in early childhood cast doubt on some of the previous notions concerning a latency period of several years between the exposure to a still unknown agent and the manifestation of MS. In view of atypical features in the initial phase, it would seem desirable to record cases of encephalomyelitis of undetermined origin as potential cases of MS and to register the further course for verification or exclusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Breast cancer: mammographic and sonographic findings after augmentation mammoplasty.

The authors retrospectively reviewed 11 cases of breast cancer in patients who had undergone augmentation mammoplasty. The mammogram or sonogram was abnormal in 10 patients, including six with an abnormal mammographic density or ultrasound study and four with calcifications. One patient had dense breasts and no suspicious findings at mammography. In four patients without palpable findings in the breast, the malignancy was initially detected by means of mammography. In five of six patients with a palpable breast mass, special mammographic views and sonography were helpful in evaluating the mass. Lymph nodes were not involved in six (60%) of the 10 patients with ductal carcinomas. The detection of breast cancer in the augmented breast by means of mammography is possible, even in patients without palpable findings. Modified-position views and sonography may be helpful in evaluating palpable masses. Patients with implants who develop cancer do not necessarily present at a more advanced stage.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Termination of transcription in human mitochondria: identification and purification of a DNA binding protein factor that promotes termination.

In a transcription system using a HeLa cell mitochondrial lysate programmed by mitochondrial DNA constructs containing the main heavy strand promoter and the transcription termination site at the 16S rRNA/leucyl-tRNA boundary, an appreciable fraction of the heavy strand transcripts terminates at this site, as it does in vivo. A DNA binding protein(s) that protects a 28 bp region immediately adjacent and downstream of the 3' ends of the in vivo and in vitro transcripts has been identified in the lysate and highly purified on an oligodeoxynucleotide affinity column. An activity promoting specific termination of heavy strand transcripts copurified with the DNA binding protein(s), pointing to the involvement of this protein in transcription termination. A distinctive modification of the footprint not correlated with terminating activity has also been observed.

Chromatography, Affinity↗
PubMed1989

Light microscopic analysis of the gravireceptor in Xenopus larvae developed in hypogravity.

The paper describes an investigation of the influence of gravity on the early differentiation of gravity receptors in Xenopus embryos and larvae. There is evidence that the expression of crystals in the saccus endolymphaticus was statistically greater when the embryos developed in near weightlessness (hypogravity) than on earth. The function of these crystals is unknown but they may contribute to the functioning of the vestibular apparatus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The response of structure and function of the gravireceptor in a vertebrate to near weightlessness.

The paper sums up results of a 7-day space flight experiment (D-l-Mission-BW-STA 00-STATEX) using growing frog embryos and larvae (Xenopus laevis) as a model system. Evaluation of photographs taken from the surface of sectioned deep-frozen objects, and micrographs using TEM and SEM show no aberrations in the shape, size, position, or respective electron density of the otolith membranes in larvae developed for 154 h under near-zero g. The further evaluation of the "weightless larvae" revealed a probably not yet described otolith-like formation below the dorsal wall of the vestibulum. In the weightless larvae this formation outnumbers, also qualitatively, strongly the 1-g control samples. The swimming behavior of the tadpoles which was observed about one hour after landing of the Space Shuttle showed a typical anomaly (loop swimming), which is known from larvae developed on the clinostat or from fish flown aboard Apollo capsules. An extra result is the lack of striking effects of cosmic radiation on the embryonic development of the flown Xenopus eggs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Transvaginal sonography: comparison with transabdominal sonography in the diagnosis of pelvic masses.

In a retrospective study, we compared transvaginal sonograms with transabdominal sonograms in 67 women referred for evaluation of palpable pelvic masses. The diagnoses included ovarian cyst (27), endometrioma (12), complex cyst (four), dermoid (three), infection (three), ovarian malignancy (two), and uterine fibroid (three). The final diagnosis was made surgically in 41 patients (61%) and by a combination of sonographic and clinical correlation in the remaining patients. More information about the internal architecture or anatomy of the mass was provided by the transvaginal images than by the transabdominal scans in 51 (76%) of the patients. Transabdominal sonography did not provide more diagnostic information in any of the patients examined. Transvaginal sonography was helpful in obese patients, in those with a large amount of bowel gas, and in those unable to achieve adequate bladder filling. Six simple cysts and four complex pelvic masses were identified solely on transvaginal sonograms. The results suggest that transvaginal sonography has considerable advantages over conventional transabdominal sonography in the evaluation of pelvic masses in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Incidence rates of fatal and nonfatal myocardial infarction in relation to the lipoprotein profile: first prospective results from the Göttingen Risk, Incidence, and Prevalence Study (GRIPS).

In a screening investigation in 1982, which included medical history, clinical examination, general laboratory investigation, and quantification of lipids, lipoproteins, and apoproteins A1 and B, 5020 male subjects aged 40 to 59 years took part. All subjects were free of any heart or vascular disease at the basic examination. Of them 40 suffered fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) during the first 3-year observation period between January 1982 and December 1984 (incidence cases), the others remained free of heart or vascular diseases (reference group). Comparison with the reference group revealed a strong relationship between MI-incidence rate and LDL cholesterol (correlation coefficient according to univariate regression analysis r = +0.248; P value according to Chi-square test P less than 0.001). The relationship was less strong but significant for age (r = +0.189; P less than 0.001), total serum cholesterol (r = +0.197; P less than 0.001), and apoprotein B (r = +0.195; P less than 0.001). Although statistically significant, the relationships to the MI-incidence rate were comparatively weak for HDL cholesterol (r = -0.09; P less than 0.01), apo-A1 (r = -0.09; P less than 0.01), systolic blood pressure (r = +0.067; P less than 0.05), and blood glucose level (r = +0.066; P less than 0.05). Body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and plasma levels of uric acid, triglycerides, and VLDL did not exert relevant influences on the MI-incidence rate in our study population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Calcitonin secretion by human placental tissue.

We have investigated the synthesis in vitro of calcitonin (CT) by human placenta at term. Separate placental tissue samples were incubated in culture medium with various Ca concentrations for 6 h. The CT concentrations in the medium were determined by radio-immunoassay. In addition the effect of DB-cAMP on the synthesis was also studied. We could demonstrate CT secretion in all experiments. The CT concentrations were determined by two different antibodies. Both antibodies registered the CT secretion. Addition of DB-cAMP to the culture medium stimulates the synthesis.

Bucladesine↗
PubMed1986

Survey of the vestibulum, and behavior of Xenopus laevis larvae developed during a 7-days space flight.

Aquatic animals have almost no body weight related proprioception for spatial orientation. Xenopus larvae, like fish, maintain their attitude in water by continuous correction with their fin(s). For these reasons a special performance of the equilibrium system compared to terrestrial animals is necessary. Evidently fish therefore have more compact (dense) otoliths; Xenopus larvae have less dense otolith (membranes) similar to land vertebrates; but their sacculus-otoliths are vertically positioned, which also may lead to a higher g-sensitivity. For plausibility reasons gravity should influence the embryonic development of gravity receptors. Yet, evaluations of photographs taken from the surface of cut deep-frozen objects by incident light show no aberration of the shape of the whole vestibulum and of the shape, density, size and position of the otolith membrane in larvae developed under near-zero g (NEXPA-BW-STATEX in D-1-Mission). The further evaluation of the "weightless-larvae" revealed a probably not yet described statolith-like formation in the dorsal wall of the vestibulum. In the weightless larvae this formation outnumbers, also qualitatively, strongly the l-g controls. An extra result is the lack of striking effects of cosmic radiation on the embryonic development of the flown Xenopus eggs. The swimming behavior of the larvae which was observed about one hour after landing of the Space Shuttle showed a typical anomaly (loop swimming), which is known from larvae developed on the clinostat or from fish flown aboard Apollo capsules.

Animals↗