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Biomedical subjects

B Kolmodin-Hedman

Publications and source records attributed to B Kolmodin-Hedman.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Studies on phenoxy acid herbicides. II. Oral and dermal uptake and elimination in urine of MCPA in humans.

Five healthy volunteers were given 15 micrograms MCPA per kg body weight. The highest concentration in plasma, 0.15 micrograms/ml, was found after 1 h. In urine the excretion during the first 6 h was 0.46 microgram/min and 40% of given dose was excreted during the first 24 h. About 1 g of MCPA emulsion was applied on the skin of the thigh and was washed away after 2 h. Plasma level slowly increased with maximum, 0.12 micrograms/ml, after 24 h. In urine a slow excretion continued for up to 5 days later with maximum 24-48 h after application. In agricultural field exposure urinary MCPA should be estimated immediately after stop of exposure as well as 24 h after exposure. Levels under 0.5 micrograms/ml of MCPA in urine might be used as a practical biological level for good work practice. In spot samples the concentration of urine must be considered.

2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Occupational exposure to some synthetic pyrethroids (permethrin and fenvalerate).

In a two-step study on exposure control method for occupational handling of permethrin was developed. Air sampling on a filter can be used in case of exposure to permethrin in powder form. The detection limit is 0.001 mg/m3. If biological sampling is used, the acid metabolite moiety in the urine must be monitored. However, the uptake after exposure to permethrin in forestry was too low, and no urine concentration could be found. The detection limit is 0.1 microgram/ml. Six persons in a plant nursery and six planters were studied in this way. Interviews were conducted with 139 planters. Irritative symptoms form the skin and upper respiratory tract were reported in 73% for fenvalerate, 63% for permethrin (trans/cis 75/25) and 33% for permethrin (trans/cis 60/40).

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1982

Menopausal age and spontaneous abortion in a group of women working in a Swedish steel works.

Female workers in a Swedish Steel works had a higher parity than clerical day workers. Mean menopausal age was 48 +/- 1 years in shift workers, compared with 49 +/- 1 in industrial day workers and 50 +/- 1 years in clerical day workers. Menstrual irregularity was not found to any higher degree in the industrially exposed groups. A tendency to increased frequency of spontaneous abortion among workers in the metallurgical areas was found, but can probably be explained by factors such as age and smoking habits.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1981

Pleural plaques and lung function in construction workers exposed to asbestos.

Respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function have been evaluated in construction workers exposed to asbestos and in control subjects. Group I displayed pleural plaques but not lung tissue involvement on X-ray, group II had the same history of asbestos exposure as the previous group but had no pleural plaques, nor any lung tissue involvement, and group III constituted non-exposed control subjects. Chronic bronchitis and productive cough were 4-5 times more frequent in group I compared to group III, while non-productive cough was rare. Conventional spirometry gave no significant differences between exposed and non-exposed subjects, while expiratory flow rates during the latter half of the expiration (MEF50, MEF25) were reduced in group I. Closing volume (CV) was markedly increased in group I and the transfer factor of the lung for CO was slightly reduced. The static transpulmonary pressure - lung volume curve was much the same for all three groups. The difference in CV, MEF50, and MEF25 was greater between exposed and non-exposed non-smokers than between exposed and non-exposed smokers. No significant differences were noticed between those in group II and the control group III. The findings indicate that asbestos exposure whcih elicits pleural plaques, may cause pulmonary dysfunction, representing a disease of the small airways.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Estimation of occupational exposure to phenoxy acids (2,4-D and 2,4,5-T).

Occupational exposure to phenoxy acids (2,4-D and 2,4,5-T) has been studied in four men spraying 2% emulsion in kerosene from a tractor driven equipment. Air borne concentrations with stationary sampling point and from the individual breathing zone showed a mean 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T concentration of 0.1-0.2 mg/m3. Plasma and urine levels were followed during a week of exposed work and for 36 h after exposure. The highest levels of phenoxy acids were found in urine with a mean of 8 (2,4-D) and 4.5 (2,4,5-T) microgram/ml and ranging from 3-14 micrograms/ml for 2,4-D and from 1-11 micrograms/ml for 2,4,5-T in the afternoon after a day of exposure. The mean 24 h excretion in urine was 9 mg of 2,4-D and about 1 mg of 2,4,5-T. The elimination in urine was rapid. Uptake of phenoxy acids seems to be caused both by inhalation and dermal absorption. Improved hygienic conditions are suggested to decrease exposure. No symptoms indicating intoxication appeared. In control subjects with a low and indirect exposure no 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T could be detected in plasma or urine. Lowest detectable concentration in urine of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T is 0.05 microgram/ml.

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid↗
PubMed1979

Long-term exposure to electric fields. A cross-sectional epidemiologic investigation of occupationally exposed workers in high-voltage substations.

In the present epidemiologic study, 53 workers with a long-term (more than five years) exposure to the electric field of 400 kV substations were examined and compared with a matched reference group of 53 nonexposed workers from the same power companies. Matching variables included age, geographic location and employment time. The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of persistent, chronic health effects in the exposed group as a consequence of exposure. The investigation indluded the nervous system (neurasthenic symptoms, psychological tests, electroencephalography), the cardiovascular system (symptoms, blood pressure, electrocardiography), and the blood (hemoglobin, red blood cells, reticulocytes, white blood cells including differential count, thrombocytes, sedimentation rate). Fertility was also assessed. The results showed no differences between the exposed and reference groups as a consequence of the long-term exposure to the electric fields. The groups differed, however, in that the exposed group had (a) consistently better results on the psychological performance tests, (b) a fewer number of children, especially boys, and (c) somewhat higher education. The differences in test results were due to the higher education among the exposed. The difference in number of children was also thought to be related to factors other than exposure since it was found to be present already 10--15 years before the work in 400 kV substations began.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Percutaneous absorption of DDT from a parasiticide used for treatment of scabies.

Moderately to markedly increased plasma concentrations of DDT and its major metabolite DDE were found in 3 boys 4, 7 and 9 years of age and also in a 50-year-old woman who, because of suspected or proven scabies infection, had all repeatedly received between 7 and 200 applications of Tenutex (a DDT-containing scabicide) during recent years. Normal values were found in 4 untreated children and in 2 children who had been treated with Tenutex four and three times respectively. In 9 adults there was no significant increase in the plasma concentrations of DDT and DDE after a single 24-hour treatment with Tenutex. These results indicate that DDT, a known constituent of the scabicide Tenutex, can be percutaneously absorbed and lead to measurably increased plasma concentrations after repeated application, especially in children.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1978

Effect of occupational exposure to organophosphorus insecticides on neuromuscular function.

Neurophysiological investigations and determinations of cholinesterase activity on plasma and erythrocytes were carried out on 11 Swedish spraymen exposed to bromophos, diazinon, dursbane, and malathion. Plasma cholinesterase activity was significantly reduced after work, while erythrocyte cholinesterase activity was unchanged. In none of the workers with a decreased plasma cholinesterase activity after work could any related acute neuromuscular disturbance be detected when the men were tested with repetitive nerve stimulation and with single fiber electromyography. Signs of subclinical neuropathy were present as a slight reduction in sensory conduction velocity and increased fiber density in some workers.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Chromosome aberrations and sister-chromatid exchange in workers in chemical laboratories and a rotoprinting factory and in children of women laboratory workers.

Cultured lymphocytes from 73 workers in chemical laboratories and the printing industry were found to have a significantly increased frequency of chromatid and isochromatid breaks, in comparison with 49 control subjects (42 adults and 7 children). An increase of the same magnitude was also found in 14 children, aged 4 days--11 yr, of 11 women laboratory workers who had worked during pregnancy. A significant correlation between age and frequency of chromosome aberrations was noted for both the exposed and control children but not for the adults. The frequency of sister-chromomatid exchange was significantly increased in 12 technicians working in laboratories performing hormone analysis. 4 children of 2 female technicians working during pregnancy also had a significnatly increased frequency of sister-chromatid exchange. The cause and biological significance of these findings are not yet known.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Decrease in alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol in men after cessation of exposure to chlorinate hydrocarbon pesticides.

Eight men who in 1970 had been exposed to chlorinated pesticides and for whom the exposure had ceased in 1976, showed a significant fall in alpha-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol between these years. The cholesterol concentration of the other lipoprotein classes showed no significant trend. The data support our previous suggestion that exposure to chlorinated pesticides, mainly lindane, may raise the alpha-lipoprotein levels.

Cholesterol↗