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Biomedical subjects

B Koch

Publications and source records attributed to B Koch.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The tissue architecture of synovial membranes in inflammatory and non-inflammatory joint diseases. I. The localization of the major synovial cell populations as detected by monoclonal reagents directed towards Ia and monocyte-macrophage antigens.

Utilizing monoclonal reagents directed towards antigens of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and Ia antigens, the tissue architecture of synovial membranes obtained from patients with non-inflammatory joint diseases and patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied. Emphasis was placed on the localization of the type I, type II and type III synoviocytes that previously had been defined by their cell surface phenotype with regard to the expression of monocyte-macrophage lineage (M theta) and Ia antigens as well as by their phagocytic capacity or the ability to produce glycosaminoglycans. In patients with non-inflammatory joint diseases, cells with the M theta + Ia+ (type I) phenotype constituted the majority of synoviocytes immediately adjacent to the joint cavity; cells with this phenotype were also scattered in the subsynovial tissue and in the perivascular regions. The fibroblastoid type III cells defined by the absence of both M theta and Ia antigens formed the major cell population in the subsynovial tissue in this patient group. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, the Ia+ M theta + cells were present in a characteristic double configuration forming an intensely positive layer adjacent to the intra-articular space followed by an Ia- M theta - layer that again was succeeded by an intensely Ia+ M theta + layer. Large numbers of synoviocytes bearing M theta + Ia+ antigens were also demonstrated in the diffusely inflamed subsynovial tissue, in the perivascular regions as well as around and within lymphoid infiltrates.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

The binding of different lectins on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic inflammatory and malignant diseases.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with multiple myeloma, gastrointestinal tumors, and inflammatory bowel disease were analyzed for binding of various lectins. The results demonstrated that in most of the patients with multiple myeloma a significantly increased percentage of cells positive for Lotus tetragonolobus agglutinin (LTA), peanut agglutinin (PNA), soybean agglutinin (SBA), and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and a decreased number of Agaricus bisporus agglutinin (ABA) positive cells were present as compared to a normal control group. This could not be shown in malignant or inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract where only some patients exhibited an increased PNA and LTA binding, respectively. Patients with the systemic malignant disease differed from patients with solid localized tumors by a significantly altered number of ABA, LTA and SBA-positive peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Double fluorescence studies using monoclonal antibodies and lectins revealed that most of the cells expressing receptors for ABA had also receptors for OKT3, whereas most of the cells with receptors for LTA, PNA, SBA, and WGA were found to be positive for OKM.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1983

Ontogenetical variations of transcortin modulate glucocorticoid receptor function and corticotropic activity in the pituitary gland.

This study was aimed at investigating the influence of tissue and plasma transcortin on pituitary glucocorticoid receptor function and corticotropic activity during development. "In vivo" nuclear uptake of (3H)corticosterone was found to be increased in pituitary glands from newborn rats which, unlike that of adults, lack transcortin-like material. Immature glands incubated "in vitro" likewise showed enhanced nuclear accumulation of tracer; the magnitude of uptake being inversely related to both tissue and plasma contents of transcortin. Competition studies indicate that pituitary transcortin modulates interaction of corticosterone with receptor binding sites and, hence, may interfere with steroid translocation to the nucleus. Moreover, we found that steroid-induced inhibition of ACTH release was highest in those pituitaries which were deficient in transcortin-like molecules. We conclude that the binder plays a modulating role in pituitary glucocorticoid receptor function.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1983

The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

In patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) a significantly decreased autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was observed which varied widely and did not correlate with disease activity, clinical course or treatment schedules. When supernatants of AMLR cultures were tested for the presence of soluble factors no differences were found in regard to the suppression of allogeneic and mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation. Furthermore both test groups failed to produce detectable amounts of interferon during the course of the AMLR, in contrast to the allogeneic situation were both RA patients and normal controls exhibited a similar interferon activity in the culture supernatants.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Plasma levels of growth hormone, corticosterone and insulin, during induced hepatocyte synchronization in young rats.

A wave of synchronous hepatocytes entering the cell cycle can be obtained in vivo after a subcutaneous injection (e.g. of casein) in rats at around Post-natal Day 10, when plasma growth hormone (GH) levels reach a low plateau (40 +/- 2 ng/ml) and liver cell proliferation rate is high. The present work reports the following changes in plasma hormone concentrations after synchronization of 20% of the hepatocyte population: (1) during the G1 phase (i.e. 6-12 hr after the mitogenic trigger), plasma GH concentration has dropped further (25 +/- 1.5 ng/ml). It was back to 90% of control levels during the S phase, mitosis and the following response including a transitory decrease in labelling index below control values. Injected together with the irritating mitotic trigger, a single dose of rat GH reduced the cell synchronization and post-synchronization effects by 50%. (2) Plasma corticosterone levels varied inversely to those of GH, increasing to twice the control values during G1 and were back to physiological levels when synchronized hepatocytes entered the S phase. (3) Variations in insulin levels were similar to that of corticosterone, with narrower ranges and reduced amplitudes. Our data suggest a possible correlation between the observed variations in plasma hormone levels and the induced synchronous hepatocyte response.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Absence of dopaminergic receptor sites identified with (H3)-spiroperidol in the intermediate lobe of the rabbit pituitary gland].

Dopaminergic receptors were sought in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland by measuring specific 3H-spiroperidol binding. This approach enabled the identification of specific sites in the Mouse neurointermediate lobe. In contrast, no such sites seem to exist in the Rabbit intermediate lobe. However, in the latter species, numerous 3H-spiroperidol binding sites were detected in the anterior lobe. These observations tally with immunocytochemical data showing the absence of catecholaminergic innervation from the Rabbit intermediate lobe and explain why dopamine has no effect on alpha MSH release from the perifused gland. A new mode of regulation of melanotrophic function, not based on inhibitory dopaminergic control, must be envisaged in Leporidae.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Physicochemical analysis of glucocorticoid receptor in the immature pituitary gland: evidence for lability and aggregation of the heat-activated form.

The present study was aimed at characterizing the deficiency of the glucocorticoid-receptor system in the immature pituitary gland of neonatal rats. Under conditions of both constant protein and DNA concentrations, [3H]dexamethasone binding to nuclei was significantly lower in the immature, compared with the mature, glands, despite the comparable density of receptor sites. Chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel columns revealed the failure of the neonatal receptor to form stable activated complexes, although the dissociation of tracer from binding sites, as well as the magnitude of receptor activation, remained closely similar to those found for the adult binder. Also, a striking observation was that the immature receptor exhibited the property of forming more than twice as much inactive aggregate as the mature component, when heat-activated in presence of KCl. It thus seems that development of full expression of glucocorticoid-binding activity in the pituitary involves qualitative changes of both the receptor molecules and the cytoplasmic environment, that tend to enhance stability of the activated form of the binder.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of isolation, handling and novelty on the pituitary--adrenal response in the mouse.

Male Swiss strain mice were individually- or group-housed for four weeks. Basal corticosterone levels did not differ with the type of housing, providing no support for the suggestion that the condition of the individually-housed mouse is stressful. Plasma corticosterone levels also were determined for mice which had been either left undisturbed or exposed to new cages which differed from their home cages by varying degrees. There were elevations in mean plasma corticosterone levels corresponding to the degree of difference between the home cage and the new cage. This finding supports the suggestion that changes in 11-OHCS levels are sensitive measures of environmental changes. Mice forced to remain in novel places exhibited higher plasma corticoid concentrations than animals which were given the opportunity to move freely between familiar and novel places. Corticoid values, as well as neurophysiological and behavioral responses, suggested that the stress induced by forced exploration might be due to the fact that animals are prevented from freely regulating their exposure to novel places rather than to novelty per se.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Aneurysmal complication of a dacron vascular prosthesis].

Arterial prosthesis employed in the University Hospital Center, Homburg en Sarre, F.R.G. since 1972 have mainly consisted of knitted velvet dacron for internal insertion. Aneurysms at the site of anastomoses are a known complication and several cases have been observed, but no reports of aneurysms at the level of a prosthesis appear to have been published. This complication occurred twice in the same patient with a interval of fifteen months. Based on the results of experimental data, the question is raised as to whether this complication is the consequence of degradation of the dacron by monocytic elements.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Hemophiliac knee: rehabilitation techniques.

Hemophilia is an inherited bleeding disorder which produces its greatest morbidity in the musculoskeletal system. This article reviews current rehabilitation techniques for the hemophiliac knee--including restrictions of physical activity, external support, and corrective orthotic devices--reports our experience using aggressive strengthening techniques in 2 children, and compares the effectiveness of the 2 methods. It is the impression of the authors that strengthening, rather than immobilization, can bring about increased range of motion, increased strength, and decreased bleeding frequency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Localization diagnosis and differential diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal abscesses using 99m technetium-stannum-colloid-marked granulocytes].

Occult intraperitoneal abscesses are difficult to locate and dispose of. Therefore, a method of examination is needed that is specific, can be used at any time, is not expensive, and yields early results within 2-3 h. This seems possible with a new methods of examination. 99mTc-Sn colloid was used to label autologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes which, when reinjected, emigrate to the site of the suspected abscess. Standard scintigraphy localizes the labeled inflammatory cells. In 32 surgical patients, 34 scans were performed with good results (controlled by greyscale ultrasound); 17 (53.1%) scans represented intraperitoneal abscesses; 3 (9.4%) scans demonstrated true positive extra-abdominal inflammations.

Abscess↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of psychophysiological and personality factors in men with ischaemic heart disease.

Essential features of the methods and results of an automated system-analytic investigation procedure with well-defined psychic load are described. This was developed with the aim of recognizing disturbances in the psychophysiological system behaviour as premorbid stages of the most important cardiovascular diseases. Results thus obtained show a.o. that healthy subjects and patients suffering from ischemic heart disease can be classified with high reliability according to their psychophysiological system behaviour. A differentiation could be obtained as well on the basis of personality characteristics. The results support the hypothesis underlying the development of this procedure.

Adult↗