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Biomedical subjects

B Ko

Publications and source records attributed to B Ko.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

The needs of physically disabled young people during transition to adult services.

OBJECTIVES: The needs and provisions for health service and housing adaptation of a cohort of school leavers with physical disabilities in two inner city London health districts are described in this cross-sectional study. METHODS: Fourteen young people were assessed by two consultant community paediatricians during their last year at school, using a structured proforma that includes the British Association of Community Child Health standards of functional levels. RESULTS: Great difficulty was encountered in identifying the subjects, partly because of inadequate information systems. Only 16 were identified out of over 12 000 school leavers. Important discrepancies were found between the needs assessed and the services provided. For the total sample, the need for 49 potential referrals to adult specialist services was identified, but 17 were not made as such services did not exist, in contrast to what had been available within paediatric services. Adult physiotherapy and occupational therapy services were particularly under-provided for young people with physical disabilities. Only a minority were eligible for housing adaptations. CONCLUSIONS: Suggestions are made for improvements in information systems, the transition process, revised provision of services and closer involvement of general practitioners.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Evidence for an interaction between ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and the 26S proteasome.

The targeting of proteolytic substrates is accomplished by a family of ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes and a diverse set of substrate recognition (E3) factors. The ligation of a multiubiquitin chain to a substrate can promote its degradation by the proteasome. However, the mechanism that facilitates the translocation of a substrate to the proteasome in vivo is poorly understood. We have discovered that E2 proteins, including Ubc1, Ubc2, Ubc4, and Ubc5, can interact with the 26S proteasome. Significantly, the interaction between Ubc4 and the proteasome is strongly induced by heat stress, consistent with the requirement for this E2 for efficient stress tolerance. A catalytically inactive derivative of Ubc4 (Ubc4(C86A)), which causes toxicity in yeast cells, can also bind the proteasome. Purified proteasomes can ligate ubiquitin to a test substrate without the addition of exogenous E2 protein, suggesting that the ubiquitylation of some proteolytic substrates might be directly coupled to degradation by the proteasome.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1999

Neutralising antibody responses to two doses of measles vaccine at 5 and 13 months of age in the United Kingdom.

Fifty-three children born in the United Kingdom between April 1993 and July 1994 were given two doses of measles vaccine, at 5 and 13 months of age, and their neutralising antibody reports were studied to assess the feasibility of protecting infants (aged 1 to 11 months) in the event of an outbreak or who were due to travel abroad. Sixteen infants responded at 5 months, an additional 35 responded at 13 months and two did not respond. The responses were inversely related to the levels of maternal antibodies (p < 0.0001). Infants who responded at 5 months also produced higher responses at 13 months than those who did not respond initially (p = 0.0001). No serious side effects were encountered. These data suggest that measles vaccine protects 30% of infants at 5 months and that a second dose at 13 months results in almost universal seroconversion.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

An incidence survey of battered children in two elementary schools of Seoul.

Among the 1,142 girls and boys aged 9 to 11 years, 8.2% were seriously battered, 58% were mildly battered and 33.8% were unbattered during the past year. Child battering was more serious in families in the lower social strata, with poor living conditions, in broken families such as those with stepparents or absent mothers, and where parents were unskilled workers or unemployed. Finally, child battering was closely related to all other forms of family violence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

The lack of correlation of gallium (67Ga) scans with known prognostic indicators in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia.

67Gallium-citrate scans were performed on 45 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at the time of diagnosis. The extent of uptake and distribution of gallium were compared to known prognostic indicators of age, initial white count, and bone marrow lymphoblast immune markers (T, B, and null cell). Selective increased uptake was noted in bone, kidney, liver/spleen, lymph nodes, or other sites in 29 patients, and 16 patients had "normal" scans. A scoring system giving one point for selective uptake in each organ system was used. Patients were grouped according to scores of zero, 1--2, and 3 or greater. There was no significant correlation found between total gallium scores and any of the three prognostic indicators. There was also no significant correlation when prognostic factors were compared to uptake in the individual organ systems except that T cell disease was associated with a significantly greater propensity for lymph node uptake. There was a suggestion that children with "normal" gallium scans may have a better long-term prognosis, since 6 of 7 nonrelapsers observed for longer than 18 months had scores of zero at diagnosis compared to 4 of 6 early deaths with scores greater than zero. This study indicates that the 67Ga scan does not significantly correlate with known prognostic indicators, with the possible exception of lymph node uptake in T cell disease, and its value as an independent indicator of long-term survival will require longer follow-up.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trachoma, flies and environmental factors in Burkina Faso.

The presence of flies is one of the earliest risk factors for trachoma and it has been suggested that flies could act as vectors for transmission of chlamydiae. A national trachoma survey was conducted in 1997 in Burkina Faso to (i) study the relationship between trachoma occurrence, flies, dirty faces and some environmental factors, and (ii) investigate the role of flies in the presence of trachoma. The country was stratified into eight groups of provinces and a random sample of 30 clusters was selected in each group. All children aged < 10 years were examined for the diagnosis of active trachoma (trachomatous inflammation which was follicular and/or intense) and the dirtiness of the face and the presence of flies on the face were recorded. The children's carers were questioned about the number of baths given and daily face-washing. Household heads were asked about ownership of cattle and small ruminants. The presence of latrines, a stable, and garbage collection inside the yard was noted. Among 16,514 children examined, 27.0% had active trachoma and 3.3% intense inflammatory trachoma. Flies were present on 11.2% of children's faces and 82.4% and 19.7% of these children had active and intense inflammatory trachoma, respectively. Among the 30.2% of children with dirty faces, 70.2% had active and 10.2% intense inflammatory trachoma. In multivariate analysis, at least one daily bath showed a protective effect on both active and intense inflammatory trachoma. Face-washing twice daily was found to be significantly protective for active trachoma in some regions. A strong association was demonstrated between the presence of flies and dirty faces (odds ratio = 334, 95% confidence interval 202-546). The presence of flies on children's faces, dirty faces and trachoma appeared to be strongly associated. Although the presence of flies may be a marker of socio-economic status and is probably linked with other trachoma risk factors, our data indicated that interventions targeting fly control should be an important issue in controlling trachoma.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Mental wealth.

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China↗