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Biomedical subjects

B Klein

Publications and source records attributed to B Klein.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Delay and not deficiency in cap formation of peripheral blood B cells in patients with multiple myeloma.

A major problem in the study of peripheral blood (PB) B cells from patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is the distinction between the cells really able to synthesize membrane (m) immunoglobulins (Ig) and those able only to absorb serum Ig passively, since the lymphocytes of such patients are bathed in very high concentrations of monoclonal Ig. In order to reappraise PB B cells (including putative pre-B cells) in MM, we have used three different criteria: (a) the capacity of PB B cells to cap mIg when triggered by an anti-Ig; (b) the presence of B-cell differentiation antigens (CD19, CD20, CD21, and CD37) as specific B-cell markers; and (c) the expression of cytoplasmic mu heavy chain as a marker of pre-B cells. We have found that, in active myeloma (N = 13), the percentages and absolute numbers of PB B cells able to cap mIg (4.25%; 45.43 cells/mm3) were significantly lower than those in healthy donors (8.4%; 151.2 cells/mm3) and those in stable MM (7.67%; 134.39 cells/mm3). In addition, the capping formation in patients with stable or active MM was significantly delayed compared to that in healthy donors. For all the normal individuals and patients investigated, there has been found an excellent correlation between the percentages and absolute numbers of PB B cells able to cap their mIg and those of PB mononuclear cells bearing the four B cell-specific differentiation antigens: CD19, CD20, CD21, and CD37. Finally, virtually no pre-B cells bearing cytoplasmic mu chains have been identified in the peripheral blood from healthy donors and patients with MM.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Estrogen and progesterone receptors in some human myeloma cell lines and murine hybridomas.

The control of immune responses by sex hormones is well documented but the effect of sex hormones on lymphoid cell subsets is poorly understood. We have investigated the expression of receptors for androgens (AR), estradiol (ER) and progesterone (PR) by human cell lines of the B lymphocyte lineage and by murine myeloma or hybridomas. AR, ER and PR were determined by cytosol and nuclear binding assays. Eleven human lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained by in vitro infection of blood or tonsil B cells with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) B95, did not express AR or ER. Similarly, 10 Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines were AR, ER and PR negative with the exception of the pre-B RAJI cells which bear AR. Among 13 cell lines derived from patients with multiple myeloma none expressed AR but five were found to bear ER (20-164 fmol/mg DNA or 5-10 fmol/mg protein). Four of the latter group also bear PR (86-450 fmol/mg DNA). Two mouse hybridomas out of seven tested were ER and PR positive. The MOPC 315 myeloma expressed ER but not PR. The possible functional role of these sex hormone binding sites in cell proliferation and immunoglobulin secretion deserves further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Interleukin 2 production in bone marrow of normal individuals and patients associated with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

T-cells from patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) have abnormal T4/T8 ratios and functions. Previously, we demonstrated that peripheral blood (PB) mononuclear cells from B-CLL patients secrete significant amounts of interleukin 2 (IL2) with an apparent dysregulation of accessory cells controlling this production. In this study, IL2 production was investigated in PB and in bone marrow (BM) from patients with previously untreated B-CLL, mostly in early stages of the disease, and compared to normal donors. A significant secretion was observed in both PB and BM from B-CLL patients after stimulation by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), with lower amounts in patients with nodular involvement of BM, as compared to interstitial or diffuse involvements. To explore the role of accessory cells in controlling IL2 production, we added phorbol ester or indomethacin to the culture system or irradiated the cells before culture. Phorbol ester significantly increased the IL2 secretion in both the PB and the BM of B-CLL patients. The irradiation or the addition of indomethacin did not enhance the IL2 production in PB from B-CLL patients. However, IL2 secretion increased in the BM cells from B-CLL patients after addition of indomethacin or prior irradiation, in a similar way to that observed in PB and BM of normal controls, suggesting an apparent normal control of the IL2 production in BM from B-CLL patients. In normal controls, we demonstrated that IL2 secretion per T-cell from BM was 5.4-fold greater than that from normal PB, suggesting a very efficient role of accessory cells controlling IL2 production in normal BM.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[Fatty acid composition and degree of peroxidation in fish oil and cod liver oil preparations].

Omega-3-fatty acids are increasingly used by the selfmedicating patient. Since fish oils in capsules are regarded as dietary food, there are neither official regulations in the Federal Republic of Germany concerning a minimum content of omega-3-fatty acids nor detailed rules for the limitation of autoxidation of these highly reactive substances. Both fatty acid composition and the degree of lipid peroxidation were measured in this study in 23 OTC fish oil preparations. The proportion of omega-3-fatty acids was in most fish oils about 30%; exceptions were the only ethyl ester among the preparations with 59% and the cod liver oils (13% to 22%). Regarding the peroxide value considerable differences were found: the lowest was 2 and the highest was 44.7. Since lipid peroxides and their degradation products are basically toxic, a limitation of the allowed degree of lipid peroxidation in fish oils is strongly recommended.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Production of growth factors by human myeloma cells.

Using in vitro-growing myeloma cell lines, we studied the growth factors involved in human multiple myeloma, and particularly the potential of autocrine secretion and response to B-cell growth factor (BCGF) of RPMI 8226, the best-documented Epstein-Barr virus-negative human myeloma cell line. We found that three myeloma cell lines (RPMI 8226, U266, and IM9) produce an autostimulatory growth factor (AGF) and thus increase their own proliferation by 2- to 3-fold in cells cultured at low density. Optimal AGF production was obtained after 24 h of culture at a cell density ranging from 2.5 to 5 million cells/ml. The three myeloma cell lines produce type II BCGF, able to induce the proliferation of highly purified human peripheral blood B-cells, only after anti-mu activation. The BCGF produced by RPMI 8226 can be absorbed onto RPMI 8226 cells together with the RPMI 8226 AGF, and the two are copurified on gel filtration in a peak with an apparent molecular weight of 70,000. RPMI 8226 can be efficiently activated by human high molecular weight BCGF II (Mr 50,000) and less extensively by BCGF I (Mr 12,000). RPMI 8226 does not produce either detectable IL1 or interferons gamma and alpha and IL1 and gamma-IFN had no stimulating effect on RPMI 8226 proliferation. Our findings support the conclusion that RPMI 8226 produces a BCGF II working as an AGF.

Burkitt Lymphoma↗
PubMed1987

Splenomegaly and solitary spleen metastasis in solid tumors.

Metastasis to the spleen from various neoplasms is very rare. Most of the splenic metastases are found at autopsy, and are part of a widespread disease. Four patients had cervical cancer (1 patient), endometrial cancer (1 patient), lung carcinoma (1 patient), and malignant melanoma (1 patient). All patients had splenic involvement without pathologic evidence of lymph node metastasis, and all underwent splenectomy. Three of the four presented with painful splenomegaly. The time from diagnosis to the development of splenic metastasis varied from 20 to 24 months. Two of the four patients had postoperative radiotherapy, one patient received intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and the patient with the melanoma received adjuvant chemotherapy. The rarity of solitary spleen metastasis from solid tumors and the treatment modalities are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa hospital infection in the Ivory Coast].

210 P. aeruginosa hospital strains isolated at Abidjan from pathological samples or contaminated material were studied by means of serotyping, biotyping, phage-typing and for their resistance to eleven antibiotics. 87% were classified into 14 serogroups: O:1, O:2, O:3, O:4, O:5, O:6, O:8, O:9, O:10, O:11, O:12, O:13, O:15, O:16. No strains were O:7 or O:14. The presence of an ortho-nitrophenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside hydrolase was demonstrated in 42 strains belonging to the serogroup O:11. Sixty-five phage-types were defined but 37% of strains were untypable by phages. The incidence of resistance to each tested antibiotic was as follows: carbenicillin 49%, mezlocillin 44%, ticarcillin 34%, azlocillin 25%, cefamandole 94%, latamoxef 15%, cefotaxime 41%, cefsulodin 32%, tobramycin 35%, amikacin 7%, gentamicin 39%. Thirty-eight strains were multiresistant to carbenicillin, mezlocillin, ticarcillin, azlocillin, and four strains to eleven antibiotics. These results are compared with data of the scientific literature on the epidemiology of hospital Pseudomonas infection.

Bacteriophage Typing↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiology of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Mauritania: study of 239 strains of various origins].

239 strains (173 from hospital infections, 20 from carriers, 46 from animal infections and environment) were studied with regard to their serogroups, biovars, phage-types and drug-resistance. 82.2% of all strains were typable by specific immune sera and distributed in 15 serogroups (0:1, 0:2, 0:3, 0:4, 0:5, 0:6, 0:7, 0:8, 0:9, 0:10, 0:11, 0:12, 0:13, 0:15, 0:16). Among them, 8 were ubiquitous (0:1, 0:3, 0:4, 0:5, 0:8, 0:9, 0:11 and 0:16) and found in hospital patients, carriers, animals and environment. Thirty-five 0:11 strains and four no agglutinable strains produced an orthonitrophenyl beta-d-galactopyranoside hydrolase (ONPG +). Among 183 strains typable by phages of the Lindberg phage-typing system, 96 different phage-types were recognized. The proportions of the strains untypable by phages were 8.6% for animal strains, 23.6% for hospital strains and 55% for strains from carriers. The frequency of the resistance to each of eleven tested antibiotics was as follows: carbenicillin: 48%, ticarcillin: 12.2%, azlocillin: 9.1%, cefotaxime: 22.8%, cefsulodin: 27.4%, ceftazidime: 0.5%, latamoxef: 6.2%, gentamycin: 12.2%, amikacin: 15.4%, tobramycin: 12.5%, norfloxacin: 0%. However, 18.7% of hospital strains, 65% from carriers and 92.5% of animal or environmental strains were susceptible to all of these antibiotics. These results are compared with those from a previous report on epidemiology of P. aeruginosa hospital infection in Ivory-Coast (Dosso, Vieu et al., Bull. Soc. Path. exot., 1987, 80, 19-27) and with the data of the scientific literature.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Immunology of myeloma].

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common malignant plasma cell dyscrasia. It is defined as the malignant expression of clonal expansion (in blood and bone marrow) of idiotypic B lymphoid cells (B id+) with proliferation, asynchronic maturation, and abnormal secretion of idiotypic plasma cells, initially maintained in the bone marrow. Malignancy includes: suppression of nonidiotypic (= polyclonal) B cell activation, suppression of normal hematopoiesis, and excessive osteoclastic resorption, via the production of osteoclast activating factors by myeloma cells. In MM, tumor growth is initially very slow in bone marrow (= chronic phase), controlled by chemotherapy or spontaneously controlled (= indolent variant). Terminal disease is marked by uncontrolled and fast tumor growth with extramedullary involvement of tumor cells (= fulminant or acute phase). Clonal evolution with chromosomal changes (chromosomes 1, 11, 14) is generally involved in the growth pattern changes. The nature of the oncogenic event and of the myeloma stem cell remains unknown.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1987

Regulation of interleukin-2 production in rheumatoid arthritis.

The regulation of interleukin-2 (IL-2) production was investigated using mononuclear cells from synovial fluid (SF) and peripheral blood of 12 patients with classical and active rheumatoid arthritis. Decreased phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated IL-2 production by lymphocytes was observed in rheumatoid peripheral blood (5.3 +/- 10.9 units/ml) and SF (3.8 +/- 5.2 units/ml) compared to peripheral blood from 12 normal donors (18.1 +/- 15.4 units/ml) and SF from 5 patients with other rheumatic diseases (11.9 +/- 10.9 units/ml). Indomethacin, phorbol myristate acetate and irradiation of suppressor cells increased IL-2 values in rheumatoid SF and peripheral blood but did not restore normal IL-2 production. IL-2 production did not correlate with clinical activity in patients with RA.

Adolescent↗