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Biomedical subjects

B Keogh

Publications and source records attributed to B Keogh.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Comparative study of the effects of enoximone and dobutamine in patients with impaired left ventricular function undergoing cardiac surgery.

In the light of several incidences at Brompton Hospital in which enoximone brought about a striking improvement in cardiac index in patients with refractory left ventricular failure, a study was initiated to compare the effects of enoximone and dobutamine following cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with impaired left ventricular function (preoperative ejection fraction less than 0.5). In two groups of 10 patients, similar responses of haemodynamic variables were obtained with enoximone or dobutamine administration. In particular, mean cardiac index increased by 25% in the first 15 min and by 60% over the 24-hour study period after bypass. Mean systemic vascular resistance fell by approximately 10%. Mixed venous oxygen saturation increased marginally from a preoperative value of approximately 76% within 15 min of drug administration and then fell and stabilized at about 65% in the next 12 h during re-warming. Patients were weaned from enoximone, after 24 h, without event. Both drugs were shown to produce favourable haemodynamic profiles and to be well tolerated in this relatively high-risk cohort of patients.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1977

Secondary involvement of the bladder in malignant lymphoma.

A study of 599 patients who had died of malignant lymphoma between 1952 and 1972 revealed involvement of the bladder in 13 per cent. Bladder involvement was always a secondary event, occurred in association with disseminated disease and was more common in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma than in Hodgkin's disease. Direct infiltration from adjacent pelvic foci as well as discrete apparent metastatic foci was noted. Involvement was usually microscopic although the presence of gross disease was invariably clinically manifest. Cystoscopy and cystography were valuable in the diagnosis of gross lesions. In contrast to primary vesical lymphoma the treatment of secondary vesical lymphoma was symptomatic and an operation was indicated rarely. Local radiotherapy was effective in treating the symptoms of secondary vesical lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Canine and human renal toxicity of inosine dialdehyde (NSC 118994).

A new antitumor agent, inosine dialdehyde, has shown minimal hematologic, but dose limiting, renal toxicity. The renal impairment is tubular necrosis due to reduction in renal blood by the drug. In addition, elevated serum calcium will return to normal within one week of drug administration. This effect is not secondary to urinary calcium excretion, but possibly an alteration of bone metabolism.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1976

Adenosine-aminohydrolase activity in the erythrocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma of healthy subjects and kidney transplant recipients.

Adenosine-aminohydrolase activity in the red blood cells and lymphocytes of transplant patients were assayed by continuous flow analysis. This enzyme, which has been implicated in the ability of lymphocytes to mount an immune response, was evaluated in renal allografted patients immunosuppressed by azothiprine and methylprednisone. Red cell adenosine-aminohydrolase activity was depressed in all patients when compared to nontreated health controls. Adenosine aminohydrolase activity was raised in the lymphocytes of the renal allografted patients. Renal transplant patients' in vitro lymphocyte reactivity to antigens, mitogens, or skin testing to specific antigens, confirmed the depressive effects of immunosuppression observed in vivo. We conclude from these studies that red cell adenosine-aminohydrolase activity may be a more sensitive index of the state of immunoresponsiveness than the corresponding enzyme activity in the lymphocyte.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1976

Studies and characterization of a murine neuroblastoma model.

Clinical chemotherapy in the treatment of neuroblastoma is undergoing further evaluation. Chemotherapeutic agents, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and hexamethylmelamine, were investigated in a murine neuroblastoma model that, in part, histologically and morphologically resembles the human tumor. The tumor was inoculated subcutaneously (SC), intramuscularly (IM), intraperitoneally (IP), intrarenally (IR). Growth of tumor was observed at all sites, as well as the appearance of metastases. Maximal survival of 32 +/- 1 days was seen (SC) and the minimum was 15 +/- 1 days (IR) (p less than 0.05). Corresponding survival rate for IM was 26 +/- 1 days and IP 21 +/- 1 days. For this reason SC was selected for drug testing. Cyclophosphamide 100 mg/kg/week showed the most favorable results, as determined by autopsy status with fewer tumors and a greater tumor weight decrease over time. This agent also showed a significantly longer survival in comparison to all other drugs (p less than 0.0001). The results with vincristine and hexamethylmelamine in the dose ranges employed differed little from the placebo, except for the finding of a slight decrease in body weight at autopsy.

Altretamine↗
PubMed1976

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in long-term renal transplant patients.

Seventeen anephric patients who constituted the subjects of this study received renal allografts between the years 1969 to 1973. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism was evaluated in relation to either a normotensive or hypertensive clinical state in these subjects. Group I (Controls) were normotensive and on a normal diet; Group II were normotensive, on sodium restriction for five days, followed by saline infusion on the seventh day; and Group III were hypertensive, on similar sodium restriction for five days, followed by saline infusion on the seventh day. Glomerular filtration rates and levels of plasma renin and aldosterone, and the secretion rate of the latter were obtained on appropriate days. These studies confirm that an intact renin-angiotensin-aldosterone relationship exists in human renal transplant patients. The presence of high aldosterone secretion rate without hypertension is a new but unexplained finding. The lack of correlation of high aldosterone secretion rates in our normotensive and hypertensive patients suggests that aldosterone does not play a detectable or significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic or sustained transplant hypertension.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effects of long-term alternate-day steroids on parameters of adrenal function in renal transplant patients.

Urinary androgen fractions, with other parameters of adrenal function, were assessed in renal transplant patients on long-term alternate-day steroid therapy. Urinary 17-ketosteroids and plasma cortisol values were low normal or slightly reduced in female patients and normal in male patients. In female patients the following urinary androgen fractions were depressed to less than the normal range: androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, etiocholanolone and 11-ketoetiocholanolone; 11-hydroxyetiocholanolone was not detectable. In male patients dehydroepiandrosterone and 11-ketoetiocholanolone were depressed to less than the normal range. Adrenal scan using 131I-19-cholesterol failed to image the adrenal glands in 5 of 7 patients studied, confirming the lack of an adrenocorticotropic hormone effect, with corresponding depression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. These studies demonstrate the value of fractionating urinary 17-ketosteroids in assessing adrenal reserve and are a more sensitive index of adrenal suppression than the total 17-ketosteroids alone.

17-Ketosteroids↗
PubMed1975

Chemotherapy of a murine neuroblastoma model.

The C1300 murine neuroblastoma model can be readily maintained by serial passage in A/J mice. Characteristics of the tumor, such as weight of the primary lesion, days of survival after tumor inoculation, or the number of metastatic foci at death, are relatively reproducible and permit experimental evaluation of various modes of treatment, including chemotherapy, that are not possible in man. In the present study, single-dose adriamycin chemotherapy was of significant benefit. Multiple dose treatment was too toxic and lethal. Cytosine arabinoside in various doses was without detectable merit. These results, from an animal model, are of benefit in evaluating further possible drug combinations in ongoing clinical trials seeking to improve the results from chemotherapy in children with advanced neuroblastoma.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Urinary gonadotropins in management and prognosis of testicular tumor.

Ninety-three cases of germinal testicular tumors with urinary gonadotropin (HCG) values, estimated by biologic or radioimmunoassay techniques, were reviewed. Preoperative values of HCG and subsequent postoperative values were related to response to treatment and prognosis. Twenty-five patients (26.9 per cent) comprised the seminoma group, and 68 patients (73.1 per cent) the nonseminomatous groups of germinal neoplasms. High HCG values were observed in the nonseminomatous group pre- and postoperatively by both assay procedures. Most significant was the high HCG values postoperatively (p smaller than 0.05, x2 equals 5.21 and p smaller than 0.05, x2 equals 5.23) for the biologic assay and radioimmunoassay, respectively, with high HCG values being associated with a poor cumulative 24 per cent two-year survival rate. Urinary HCG assay is of prognostic value in the ongoing management of testicular neoplasms. In the future, serum HCG assays may be of additional benefit.

Adolescent↗