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Biomedical subjects

B Kay

Publications and source records attributed to B Kay.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Change in the work of breathing imposed by five anaesthetic breathing systems.

Measurements of pressure and flow in five anaesthetic breathing systems were studied with various fresh gas flows (FGF) using volunteers, and mechanically simulated breathing. Pressure measurements were made at the patient connection and in the neck of the reservoir bag. A pneumotachograph was used to measure flow in the patient connection. The change in the work of breathing imposed by the circuit was derived from the pressure-volume graph and apportioned to stages of the breathing cycle. All the systems studied increased the work of breathing. Expiratory work was always increased more than inspiratory work. The additional work imposed on expiration and the total extra work imposed on breathing were further increased at FGF greater than the minimum clinical requirement.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1983

Grading of pain and anxiety. Comparison between a linear analogue and a computerised audiovisual analogue scale.

Comparison of a linear analogue scale on paper and a computerised audiovisual analogue scale presented on a visual display unit is described. Pain was assessed postoperatively in 109 patients and anxiety pre-operatively in 146 patients. Results show a strong correlation between gradings obtained using the two methods, indicating the computerised method is as reliable as the conventional one.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1983

Anaesthesia for laparoscopy: alfentanil and fentanyl compared.

A double blind comparison was made between alfentanil and fentanyl as analgesic components of anaesthesia. Sixty-six women undergoing laparoscopy received methohexitone, alcuronium, nitrous oxide and oxygen, with either alfentanil 0.75 mg or fentanyl 0.25 mg. Ten of the patients who received alfentanil and 1 patient who received fentanyl required supplementation of anaesthesia by enflurane. Recovery from anaesthesia was similar in the two groups of patients though the onset of spontaneous breathing occurred more quickly after alfentanil (P less than 0.002). The injection of fentanyl was followed by a fall in BP (P less than 0.05) and the mean minimum value for pulse rate occurring after fentanyl was slower than after alfentanil (P less than 0.05).

Alfentanil↗
PubMed1983

Intravenous anaesthesia for minor surgery. A comparison of etomidate or Althesin with fentanyl and alfentanil.

Eighty patients undergoing minor surgical procedures entered a randomized, double-blind, between-patient comparison of fentanyl or alfentanil, with etomidate or Althesin for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. Patients were more likely to feel pain on injection when anaesthesia was induced using etomidate or fentanyl, than when Althesin or alfentanil were given. There was no difference between the four groups in respect of the ease of maintenance of anaesthesia. Recovery of consciousness was significantly faster in the patients who received alfentanil than in those who received fentanyl. Overall, alfentanil with Althesin was the best combination studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Recovery after fentanyl and alfentanil in anaesthesia for minor surgery.

Forty-seven patients undergoing cystoscopy received etomidate with either fentanyl or alfentanil to induce and maintain anaesthesia in a randomized, double-blind comparison. There were no significant differences in the composition of the groups, or in the clinical efficacy and side-effects of the anaesthetic combinations used. Early recovery of consciousness and orientation was similar in both groups, but late recovery, assessed by use of Maddox Wing and digit substitution tests, was faster in the patients who received alfentanil.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A versatile closed circuit.

A versatile closed circuit with new features is described. It may be used in a totally closed manner, without continuous gas inflow. As gas is absorbed from the circuit, it is replaced through a demand valve. Facilities for continuous gas input and use of a ventilator are included, and one control converts it to a non-rebreathing circuit. The circuit has excellent mechanical characteristics in all modes, and has been used extensively in routine clinical practice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

A laboratory investigation of a multigas monitor for anaesthesia (EMMA).

A new volatile anaesthetic gas analyser (EMMA) was tested in the laboratory. It was shown to have an accurate, linear response, with minimal zero drift and to be almost unaffected by carrier gases. It is a versatile and sensitive machine with a fast response time indicating that it might be used for breath-by-breath monitoring. The EMMA is a useful new anaesthetic gas analyser than should find widespread clinical usage.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1982

Blood disoprofol levels in anesthetised patients. Correlation of concentrations after single or repeated doses with hypnotic activity.

The blood concentrations of disoprofol (Diprivan) after single intravenous doses of 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg have been examined in a subpopulation from previously reported clinical studies. The linear relationship between sleep time and dose could be explained by the linearity of the pharmacokinetics at these doses. After a single injection the awakening concentration was independent of dose, with a mean value of 1.04 micrograms/ml. No acute tolerance occurred with disoprofol. On repeated 1 mg/kg bolus injections the sleeping time rose initially but stabilised after four doses. The waking concentration was independent of the number of doses administered. The clinical findings fitted an agent with a very rapid distribution phase and a short elimination half-life.

Anesthesia, Intravenous↗
PubMed1981

Dose-response relationship for disoprofol (ICI 35868; Diprivan). Comparison with methohexitone.

The duration of sleep following intravenous administration of three doses of disoprofol (1.2 and 3 mg/kg) was compared with that following methohexione 1 or 2 mg/kg. Disoprofol and methohexitone were shown to be approximately equipotent. Side-effects were dose-related for both drugs, but the incidence was significantly less following disoprofol than methohexitone 2 mg/kg. The most frequent side-effects were pain on injection, myoclonia and hiccup. Studies of blood concentrations of disoprofol show that the profile is dose-independent and conforms to a two-compartment model with a very short distribution phase (about 2 minutes) and short elimination phase (about 70 minutes). Waking blood levels gave no indication of acute tolerance. Disoprofol would appear to be particularly useful for induction of a short period of sleep using a small dose given quickly, or for maintenance of sleep by continuous infusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

School phobia: a therapeutic trial with clomipramine and short-term outcome.

A double-blind trial failed to demonstrate any significant short-term effects of clomipramine in doses recommended for use in general practice (in addition to the usual range of psychotherapeutic help) in the treatment of children with school refusal and neurotic disorder. Patterns of improvement were also studied for the sample as a whole irrespective of treatment. Neither age nor sex were significantly related to improvement, except on one behavioural measure where girls initially did better than boys. In addition, it was found that there was a rapid relief of depression but neurotic symptomatology tended to persist.

Adolescent↗