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Biomedical subjects

B Kastler

Publications and source records attributed to B Kastler.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Are polygraphic and cardiopneumographic respiratory patterns useful tools for predicting the risk for sudden infant death syndrome? A 10-year study.

Between 1974 and 1984 we have studied 204 control infants (C) comparing them with 650 SIDS siblings (SS) and 146 near-miss for SIDS (NM). These 1,000 full-term infants were recorded by day polysomnography (DPSG; n = 417), night polysomnography (NPSG; n = 257) and cardiopneumography (CPG; n = 2,600). Records were visually analyzed. In DPSG and NPSG, total amount of central, mixed and obstructive apnea as well as the percentage of periodic breathing was studied in each sleep state (active sleep, AS; quiet sleep, QS; indeterminate sleep, IS, and total sleep, TS) and over the total recording time (TRT). In CPG, only the total amount of central apnea and percentage of periodic breathing over TRT were studied. Infants were grouped according to postnatal age: less than 5, greater than or equal to 5 to less than or equal to 13, and greater than 13 to less than or equal to 26 weeks. In each age group results were compared as follows: C vs. SS, C vs. NM, and SS vs. NM for each parameter studied. Before 5 weeks and after 13 weeks there was no significant difference between C and SS, C and NM, and SS and NM in DPSG and NPSG for all categories of central, mixed and obstructive apnea as well as the percentage of periodic breathing in different sleep states and over TRT. Similar results were obtained in CPG for all categories of central apnea and percentage of periodic breathing over TRT.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

[Importance of magnetic resonance imaging in myocardial infarct].

Imagery by magnetic resonance (IMR) represents a new modality of medical imagery based on the interaction between the magnetic fields produced by radio-frequency waves and living substance. IMR finds an interesting application in the study of different stages of myocardial infarction. In 30 cases of myocardial infarction IMR was compared with thallium tomoscintigraphy and echocardiography. In the acute stage, myomalacia appears in IMR as a superbrilliant zone, and in the chronic stage parietal thinning and dyskinesias are apparent. Intraventricular thromboses, but also hemostasis in aneurysmatic or akinetic sites are visualised as a high-intensity signal within these areas. IMR represents therefore a new means of evaluation of size and evolution of the necrosis. This procedure provides also functional informations about the contraction and flow anomalies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT of small bowel obstruction in adults.

The increasing use of computed tomography in evaluating patients with acute abdominal pain has revolutionized the diagnosis of small bowel obstruction in adults. Computed tomography is incontestably the most useful and powerful tool to make positive, topographic, and etiologic diagnoses of small bowel obstruction. Good knowledge of some key signs and rigorous analysis of computed tomographic images by radiologists should lead to improved diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strangulated transomental hernia: CT findings.

We report a case of surgically confirmed strangulation of small bowel through a defect in the greater omentum. Computed tomography demonstrated the presence and the location of this very unusual internal abdominal hernia. Those findings are presented.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging in congenital heart disease of newborns: preliminary results in 23 patients.

Until now little attention has been paid to the potential of MR imaging in congenital heart disease of the newborn. ECG-gated MRI was therefore performed at 0.5 tesla in 23 newborns (mean age 7.5 days) with suspected congenital heart disease. Two newborns were controlled after surgery (switch, Blalock-Taussig procedure). All had undergone prior evaluation by two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography (2-D DE). MR imaging was of a satisfying quality in all but one newborn. The aim of this study was to assess complementary information provided by MRI in comparison to 2-D DE. Pre-operatively MRI missed some abnormalities shown by 2-D DE: one coartaction, one ductus arteriosus and one pulmonary atresia. MRI demonstrated lesions that echocardiography had either failed to visualize or found inconclusive, including double aortic arch (one patient), muscular ventricular septum defect (two patients) and severe ductus arteriosus (one patient). In one of the two patients with a ventricular septum defect, angiography was avoided and in the other patient it merely confirmed the MRI results. Post-operatively, MRI demonstrated information complementary to that obtained from to 2-D DE: (1) clearly visualizing the reinsertion of the coronary arteries in the 'switched' transposition of the great vessels, (2) appreciating the diameter and patency of the palliative shunt in the Blalock-Taussig procedure.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spin echo MRI in the evaluation of pericardial disease.

As in other pathological processes of the heart, the contribution of MRI is not limited to optimal anatomical evaluation but also offers functional or etiological information (approach of tissue characterization). In this work we report on our experience in evaluating normal and pathological pericardium with MRI spin echo sequences. The results with 41 patients, including pericardial effusion, thickening, and mass are discussed and confronted with previously reported data. Contrary to classical echocardiographic notions, pericardial effusions are more frequently in the anterior than posterior location (26/30 vs. 19/30 p less than 0.03). Not only does MRI provide a precise and positive diagnosis, but also a rather clear distinction appears in spin echo sequences between hemopericardium with high signal intensity and other effusions with lower signal (high intensity found in 6/6 patients with hemopericardium versus only 8/24 in the remaining group; p less than 0.01). When constriction signs are present, MRI solves the difficult differential diagnosis between pericardial thickening and restrictive cardiomyopathy. In paracardiac primary or metastatic tumors pericardial involvement is clearly demonstrated. Distinction between paracardiac, respectively pericardial cyst or false aneurysm is possible. We conclude that MRI is a new imaging method, complementary to echocardiography and/or computed tomography in the evaluation of pericardial pathology especially when hemopericardium, constrictive pericarditis, or tumoral etiologies are suspected. Important technological improvements are needed to solve the problem of long acquisition time and to improve the possibilities of tissue discrimination.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection and quantification of recent myocardial infarction: diagnostic value of multiecho multislice spin echo imaging.

Thirty-four patients with documented transmural MI were studied with gated three echo, multislice MR imaging. In 12 patients MRI MI size was compared with CK release measurement, Tl-201 SPECT defect, and with Tc-99m LVEF. Infarct was visualised in 29/34 patients on 3rd echo images (18/34 on 2nd and 6/34 on 1st echo images). Mean MR infarct size (planimetered from 3rd echo images): 33.1 +/- 9% overestimated the SPECT defect (mean value of 23.8 +/- 15%). However, the overall correlation between MRI and Tl-201 sizing was significant: r = 0.82; p less than 0.001; SEE = 5.5%. The correlation with LVEF also appeared significant: r = -0.61; p less than 0.038.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Small bowel obstruction secondary to phytobezoar CT findings.

A rare cause of small bowel obstruction due to a phytobezoar is reported. CT demonstrated an ovoid intraluminal mass with mottled gas pattern within the small bowel and intestinal obstruction signs. We believe that these CT findings are pathognomonic of this condition.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intradural disc herniation with cranial migration of an excluded fragment.

Intradural herniation is a rare complication of the intervertebral disc disease. The history and present clinical findings may suggest the diagnosis. Although the myelographic signs are well known, intradural hernias have seldom been illustrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We present the case of an intradural disc hernia with cranial migration of a sequestrated fragment illustrated by both myelography and MRI. To our knowledge, such a case has never been reported in the literature so far.

Cauda Equina↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MR diagnosis of subdiaphragmatic anomalous pulmonary venous drainage in a newborn.

Our report describes a case of infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return diagnosed by MR in a newborn with an interruption of the aortic arch with ventricular septum defect and anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. The severity of the congenital cardiopathy did not permit surgical treatment and the infant died soon after. Pathology confirmed the MR findings. Magnetic resonance not only complements echocardiography but also can be used for patients in intensive care and can in our case avoid angiography.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Splenic abscesses in typhoid fever: US and CT studies.

Salmonella typhi splenic abscesses (SA) are traditionally considered to be a rare complication of typhoid fever (TF). Our prospective study in an extensive series of patients was aimed at demonstrating that the incidence of SA was usually underestimated. Four hundred patients were systematically examined by abdominal ultrasound (US) at the time of proven biological diagnosis of TF, which was the 2nd week of admission. Twenty patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms (despite adequate treatment) or with acute lower thoracic pain were followed by US and CT. In eight patients both imaging modalities revealed anomalies compatible with SA.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fetal shoulder measurements with MRI.

OBJECTIVE: We studied the ability of MRI to predict fetal shoulder width (FSW). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 30 patients referred for MR pelvimetry, measurement of FSW was performed and compared with caliper measurements at term. We report here the feasibility of a method using axial and coronal MR images oriented to the fetal body axes. RESULTS: Shoulder width by MRI (mean = 12.76 +/- 1.42 cm) correlated significantly with postnatal orthopedic caliper measurements (mean = 12.99 +/- 1.37 cm; r = 0.955, SEE = 4.29 mm, p = 0.00001) and with birth weight (r = 0.63, p = 0.0005). Mean paired differences showed a statistically significant 2.3 +/- 4.2 mm underestimation of FSW by MRI (p = 0.01). This reasonably quick nonionizing technique seems to have the potential for evaluating shoulder dystocia and deserves further evaluation.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A compact laser beam guidance system for interventional CT.

OBJECTIVE: We propose a simple, compact, and accurate light guidance system for interventional CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The system using intersecting laser beams is mounted on the CT gantry and ensures precise needle guidance even when the gantry is tilted. The device does not require additional software/hardware. RESULTS: Phantom simulations and clinical experiments have demonstrated an accuracy of +/- 1 degrees and +/- 1 mm. CONCLUSION: The laser guidance system for CT makes the intervention safer, faster, and more accurate.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Injection of alcohol into bone metastases under CT guidance.

OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous injection of ethanol was evaluated in terminally ill cancer patients with painful osteolytic bone metastases treated previously without success by radiation or chemotherapy and conventional pain therapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-five patients with 27 bone metastases in various locations underwent one to three instillations of 3-25 ml ethanol (95%) under CT guidance, which allowed precise needle positioning and control of the diffusion of alcohol thus minimizing the complications. RESULTS: Within 24 to 48 h 74% of the cases experienced a reduction of analgesic needs. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous ethanol injection under CT guidance is useful in reducing pain and in improving the quality of life of patients with advanced stages of cancer and painful bone metastases.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multidetector ct diagnosis of jejunal perforation by a chicken bone.

We report a case of perforation of the proximal jejunum by a sharp chicken bone. This case emphasizes the effectiveness of multislice CT in complex abdominal situations thanks to its possibilities of multiplanar reconstructions obtained with thinner collimation and higher resolution.

Aged↗