Generic baccalaureate nursing programs: survey of enrollment, administrative structure/funding, faculty teaching/practice roles, and selected curriculum trends.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B K Redman.
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The purpose of this pilot study was to identify types of ethical conflicts reported by Certified Diabetes Educators who also are Registered Nurses (RN/CDEs). Ethical conflicts expressed by RN/CDEs in active practice in Maryland, Virginia, and the District of Columbia were described by these healthcare professionals. Each conflict was analyzed according to three themes: the practice context, the ethical principles in conflict, and how the conflict was experienced by the nurse subject. The majority of ethical conflicts (75%) concerned disagreement with the quality of medical care the patient was receiving. The principles most often in conflict were beneficence and nonmaleficence. Most conflicts were experienced as dilemmas (two or more principles that seem to apply but support mutually inconsistent courses of action).
In this study, questionnaire data were described regarding diabetes education program capacity in Maryland and Pennsylvania hospitals, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), and home health agencies (HHAs). Hospitals, HMOs, and HHAs in each state were asked to indicate whether they currently have a diabetes education program and, if not, whether they had such a program anytime within the past 10 years. Home health agencies were less likely to have had programs in the past and more likely to have recently established diabetes education programs. About half of hospitals currently without programs had a program sometime within the past 10 years. Hospitals in Maryland and Pennsylvania responded similarly; Pennsylvania HHAs were more likely to report having diabetes education programs than HHAs in Maryland. On the average, programs showed moderate levels of institutionalization. Respondents to the questionnaire believed that their programs would be sustained; these projections appeared to not be sensitive to availability of reimbursement.
Responding to an American Association of Colleges of Nursing's national survey, deans of baccalaureate nursing schools indicated that they are in a process of building curricula and clinical experiences to prepare practitioners who are skilled and confident in the care of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. On the average, their student nurse participants in the study reported moderate feelings of preparedness. If given a choice of patient assignment, two thirds of student respondents readily would provide direct care for a patient diagnosed with AIDS, taking appropriate precautions.
Reforming the health care system is too often thought of in the context of finding new financing methods to preserve the existing system. The nursing profession's agenda for health reform argues for a return to more basic values of consumer empowerment, access, primary care, prevention and self-care balanced with acute care. Family-care clinics based in schools, workplaces, and other community sites are an important element to this approach. The ever-worsening shortage of primary care providers can be solved by support of advanced practice nurses.
Although not a decision making body, the Tri Council for nursing has provided a forum for cooperation among the major nursing organizations. It has also served as a voice for the profession in addressing policymakers, legislators, and the general public.
Technology assessment provides nurses with the knowledge they need to participate in decisions about the use of health care technology.
In the previous issue, the authors described the process of technology assessment and its implications for nursing. In this article, the authors propose a classification system for nursing technology. They argue that, in the face of competition from other, rapidly proliferating health care professions, such a system is necessary to insure that nurses are acknowledged and adequately compensated for the functions they actually perform.
Costs of nursing education and practice, usually seen as separate spheres, are in fact interrelated. This article describes cost models and policy implications for their use, nursing education costs to universities and students, and benefits and costs to clinical service agencies.
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Department-level measures of productivity were constructed using information reported by 180 nursing deans of schools with graduate (master's and doctoral) programs. Productivity was calculated three ways: total (net), publications, and grants. The scores for each school were derived from nine categories of faculty scholarly activities. The following variables were examined for their contribution to productivity: three measures of environmental support, budgeted and doctorally prepared faculty, students (master's, doctoral), all graduate students-faculty ratio, scholarship time, and private faculty offices. The regressions of log-transformed variables yielded R2 = .59 for total (net) productivity, .54 for publications, and .50 for grants productivity.