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Biomedical subjects

B K Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to B K Gupta.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Meningococcal meningitis in Ludhiana.

A retrospective study was carried out at Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana (Punjab) during the period from January 1985 to June 1990 to know the incidence of meningococcal meningitis. Meningococcal etiology was established in 170 (49.41%) cases out of 344 cases of bacterial meningitis. Out of 170 cases of meningococcal meningitis, 74 (43.52%) were positive only by smear examination, 90 (52.94%) were positive both by smear as well as culture and there were six (3.52%) cases which were positive only by culture. The organisms were sensitive to most of the common antibiotics including penicillin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and sulphadiazine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Attributes and survival patterns of multiple primary cutaneous malignant melanoma.

From a series of 1495 patients with primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (PCMM), 26 patients (1.73%) had multiple primary cutaneous malignant melanoma (MPCMM). This report describes the attributes and survival patterns in this small, but important, subgroup of patients with PCMM. Of 26 patients, 23 had two primaries, two had three primaries, and one had six primaries. Five patients had synchronous and 21 patients had metachronous MPCMM. The median interval between the occurrence of the first and subsequent PCMM in these patients was 1.93 years. The estimated 5-year survival rate from the first melanoma was 83.5%; that from the last melanoma was 53.1%. In summary, MPCMM is a distinct biologic phenomenon. A second or subsequent malignant melanoma should be treated like a primary melanoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The Aicardi syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1990

Splenic abscess.

We report a splenic abscess in an elderly diabetic female. Awareness of the disease is emphasised.

Abscess↗
PubMed1989

Design and in vitro evaluation of dapsone-loaded micropellets of ethyl cellulose.

A controlled-release dosage form was manufactured by dispersing ethyl cellulose sol in acetone into a medium of mineral oil. Dapsone was used as the model drug. The powdered drug was dispersed in the ethyl cellulose sol, and the formulation variables affecting the production of the discrete and spherical micropellets and their size distribution were investigated. The percentage of SPAN 80 in the formulation affected the yield and physical properties of the micropellets. The in vitro drug release followed first-order diffusion-controlled dissolution. More than 85% of the drug was released over 5 hr for all formulation batches, with delayed release over the drug dissolution profile.

Capsules↗
PubMed1989

The role of intra-aortic balloon occlusion in penetrating abdominal trauma.

Intra-aortic balloon occlusion (IABO) of the thoracic aorta was attempted in 21 consecutive hemodynamically unstable patients with missile injuries of the abdomen. Retrospectively, the patients fell into three groups. Group One consisted of five patients with a cardiac rhythm but no recordable blood pressure (BP). Group Two were six patients with refractory hypotension, that is, BP of 80 torr systolic or less. Group Three comprised ten patients who had hemodynamic deterioration to a BP of 80 torr systolic or less during preparation for or in the course of celiotomy. IABO was successful in occluding the thoracic aorta in 20 patients with a resultant rise of BP; one patient required thoracotomy for aortic clamping. Operative control of hemorrhage was accomplished in 11 patients; seven patients survived and were discharged in a functional status. There were no survivors in Group One, three in Group Two, and four in Group Three.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome due to congenital membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava: clinical experience.

Budd-Chiari syndrome due to congenital membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava can be cured by appropriate surgical correction. A high index of suspicion is required to identify this condition and investigate it properly. Experience of three such cases is presented; two had a successful surgical correction and one refused any surgical intervention. Both patients who underwent operation are doing well and are symptom-free after 4 and 6 years, respectively. The diagnosis and the presentation of inferior vena caval obstruction and the various surgical procedures that are available for relieving the congenital obstruction of inferior vena cava are reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Nasopharyngeal EEG recording in psychiatric patients.

Because psychiatric patients with underlying CNS pathology in the temporal lobe areas may not respond well to traditional medications, the detection of electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in patients with behavior dysfunction can be valuable to the evaluation process. As EEGs recorded with nasopharyngeal electrodes can monitor dysrhythmic discharges in the basomedial aspects of the temporal lobe that are not visible with the routine wake scalp EEG, the authors tried to determine whether the nasopharyngeal lead EEGs are more effective than the scalp EEGs in detecting spike and spike-and-wave discharges. The EEGs of 648 psychiatric inpatients and outpatients, which were recorded over an 18-month period from January 1985 to June 1986, were retrospectively studied, and the results showed that the nasopharyngeal lead recordings revealed a greater percentage of epileptiform abnormalities.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1988

Laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies in children.

Inhalation of a foreign body into the respiratory passage can be a serious and sometimes fatal childhood accident. In this paper we analyse the management of 223 children with laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies. Children below three years of age were found to be the most vulnerable. The majority of the patients were boys. Over a quarter of the patients did not present with a history of inhalation. Only 52 per cent reported within 24 hours of inhalation. Endoscopic removal was possible in all but nine cases. One hundred and forty eight (66.4 per cent) of the recovered foreign bodies were organic in origin, the majority of them being peanuts. In one hundred and five (47.1 per cent) the objects found their way into the right bronchial tree. There were two deaths. The modalities of diagnosis and management are discussed.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1987

Captopril renography in two kidney and one kidney Goldblatt hypertension in dogs.

In order to improve on the technique of noninvasive detection of renal artery stenosis, we studied the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril on individual kidney hemodynamics and function as assessed by technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid [( 99mTc]DTPA) renal flow studies and iodine-131 orthoiodohippurate [( 131I]hippuran) renography in experimental Goldblatt's hypertension. In two-kidney, one-clip (renin-dependent) hypertension, captopril (1.5 mg/kg bolus with 1.5 mg/min infusion) reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ipsilateral glomerular filtration rate (GFR) without changes in the contralateral kidney. Captopril infusion resulted in alterations in both the [99mTc]DTPA and [131I]hippuran studies, which were most evident in the 15-min [99mTc]DTPA renal flow studies. In one-kidney, one-clip (volume-dependent) hypertension, captopril reduced MAP but did not alter GFR, renal plasma flow, or the radionuclide studies. These studies suggest that the [99mTc]DTPA renal flow study coupled with captopril challenge may unmask intrarenal angiotensin II-dependent functional and hemodynamic changes of the stenotic kidney, and offers promise in the detection of renin-dependent hypertension.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Aged mice are more sensitive to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine treatment than young adults.

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by damage to the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. Recently, the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) has been shown to induce damage in the nigrostriatal system, accompanied by Parkinson-like symptoms in humans. We present here evidence that MPTP treatment in aged 21-month-old mice produced a marked reduction in the presence and intensity of fluorescence in noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus and in dopaminergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area in addition to extensive damage to the substantia nigra. Aged mice treated with MPTP also showed physical signs of movement disability characterized by marked akinesia, rigidity of the hind limbs, and an initial resting tremor of the entire body. Such symptoms were less evident in young mice treated with MPTP. These remarkable initial behavioral effects of MPTP treatment in aged mice and evidence of reduced catecholamine fluorescence in the locus coeruleus and ventral tegmental area suggest that aged mice are more sensitive to, and more severely affected by MPTP treatment than young mice. We suggest that these MPTP-treated aged mice provide a useful animal model for studying both anatomical and functional characteristics of Parkinson's disease.

1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine↗