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Biomedical subjects

B Jung

Publications and source records attributed to B Jung.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Kidney radioprotection by temporary hypoxia. Experiments with degradable microspheres.

Deep hypoxia protects biological tissue against ionizing radiation. By intra-arterial injection of degradable starch microspheres the renal circulation was temporarily blocked in unilaterally nephrectomized rats. The induced hypoxia was utilized for protection of the kidney against single doses of high-voltage X-rays. Renal function and survival date were compared between animals protected by hypoxia and non-protected animals. The survival rate of the former animals exceeded that of the latter by a factor of 1.6. All irradiated animals showed a lower glomerular filtration rate, Hippuran clearance and urine osmolarity than non-irradiated controls. Surviving, protected animals irradiated with 42 Gy and 52 Gy showed a glomerular filtration rate of about 0.5 ml/min and a Hippuran clearance of about 2 ml/min, whereas all non-protected animals irradiated with 42 Gy died.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Computed tomography, ultrasonography and gamma camera scintigraphy after renal transplantation.

In routine postoperative observations on 31 transplanted kidneys, computed tomography (CT), ultrasonography (US) and gamma scintigraphy (GS) were compared with respect to diagnosis of abscess or lymphocele in the vicinity of the transplant, rejection and outflow obstruction. The results showed that US was the most reliable procedure for detecting fluid-filled cavities. In cases of graft rejection, GS was of most value. In demonstrating outflow obstruction, there was no definite difference between the three methods.

Cysts↗
PubMed1981

Bilateral carcinoma of the breast. Epidemiology and histopathology.

A history of previous carcinoma in the contralateral breast was found in 66 of 1351 women (5%) consecutively diagnosed as having breast carcinoma. The mean time interval between the diagnosis of the first and second tumour was 10.0 years (range 0-37 years); 63 of the tumours were metachronous. No significant differences were found between the first and the second carcinoma with respect to the Ackerman malignancy grading or the frequency of axillary node involvement. High risk groups for bilateral disease could not be defined on the basis of information about familial occurrence, parity, age at first birth, or malignancy grade.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Familiality in breast cancer: a case-control study in a Sweden population.

1330 consecutively diagnosed breast-cancer patients, and an equal number of paired aged-matched controls without breast cancer, were investigated for a familial history of breast cancer. Patients and controls received identical questionnaires. One relative or more with breast cancer was reported by 18.6% of the patients and by 12.3% of the controls, giving a standardized relative risk (SRR) of 1.6 (P < 0.01). One or more first-degree relatives with breast cancer were reported by 11.2% of the patients and by 6.8% of the controls, with an SRR of 1.7 (P < 0.01). For second-degree relatives the SRR was 1.5 (P < 0.05). Of the patients, 3.9% had mothers with breast cancer compared to 2.7% of the controls (SRR = 1.4, N.S.). One or more sisters with breast canceer were reported by 10.1% of the patients and by 5.1% of the controls (SRR = 2.0, P < 0.01). No distinct difference in familiality between the different age groups was found.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Age at first birth, parity and risk of breast cancer in a Swedish population.

A case-control study was conducted over a period of 11 months in an area containing one-third of the Swedish population. One thousand and one patients participated, constituting 94% of all women newly diagnosed as having breast cancer within the area. They were compared with 1,001 age-matched, non-hospitalized controls without breast cancer, selected by paired sampling from a population register. The risk of breast cancer was slightly, but significantly, related to parity, the standardized relative risk (SRR) being 1.35 for nulliparous women as compared to ever parous. In the different parity groups a risk significantly lower than that for nulliparous women was found only for women with more than 2 children (SRR = 0.59) but the trend with parity was highly significant (P less than 0.001). Age at first birth was not found to be an important risk factor for breast cancer. SRR was lower than for nulliparous women in all groups of women with their first birth before the age of 35 years, but the difference was significant (P less than 0.05) only for those with the first birth between 20 and 24 (SSR = 0.69) and 25 and 29 (SRR = 0.69) years of age. The trend with age at first birth (P less than 0.05) disappeared after stratification for parity, suggesting that it was a confounding factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Cytoplasmic effects of X-irradiation on cultured cells in a non-dividing stage. 4. Studies of sparsely grown, serum-deprived cells.

Cultured human glial cells were blocked in interphase (G1) by 24 h of serum starvation and subsequently subjected to 200 Gy, 8 MV X-radiation. Immediately following irradiation the cultures were transferred to serum-containig medium. Time-lapse cinemicrography performed during the next 48 h showed a profoundly disturbed motility with decreased ability for polarization and locomotion of the irradiated cells. Specimens fixed 24 and 48 h after irradiation and investigated by immunofluorescence with tubulin-antibodies and DNase/DNase-antibodies, and by whole cell transmission electron microscopy showed derangements in the distribution of microfilament bundles related to the cytoplasmic ramification of the irradiated cells, but otherwise no detectable alterations in structure or distribution of either microtubules or microfilaments. It is suggested that the alteration in the arrangement of filament bundles is of importance to the impaired locomotion of the irradiated cells.

Cell Movement↗
PubMed1980

Study of small bowel transport pattern in fasted, conscious rats with an intact gastrointestinal tract. A methodological study with bile-excreted 99Tcm-Solco-HIDA.

A method is presented for studies of small bowel propulsion in conscious rats with an intact gastrointestinal tract. A bile-excreted test substance, 99Tcm-Solco-HIDA, was infused intravenously for time periods varying between 0.25 and 5 h. Immediately after the infusion, radioactivity was recorded from the excised bowel specimen. The activity distribution along the small bowel was always found to be 'peaky', i.e. the intestinal contents were transported in portions separated by fairly long completely empty regions. In a control experiment with simultaneous intravenous infusion of 99Tc-Solco-HIDA and infusion of a nonabsorbable test substance (125I-PVP) through a permanent duodenal catheter a similar activity distribution was observed. This indicates that the peaky appearance of the activity distribution is not due to a periodicity in the discharge of bile but reflects small bowel propulsive activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Scintigraphic assessment of biliary reflux into the residual stomach after subtotal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy.

A method is described for evaluating biliary reflux into the gastric remnant after subtotal gastrectomy, avoiding naso- or orogastric intubation. Gamma camera detection and continuous recording of the distribution and possible gastric reflux of 99Tcm-HIDA after intravenous injection was employed, before and after stimulation of bile flow by a fatty meal. The technique is simple and specific, but further clinical evaluation is needed.

Bile Reflux↗
PubMed1980

Noise and noise texture in CT images before and after post-processing.

Two homogeneous water phantoms were recorded under various CT scanner settings, and the reducing effect of various convolution filters on the noise level was evaluated. The change in noise texture introduced by the filtering process was assessed for a limited range of scanner settings by noise analysis of the autocovariance matrix before and after filtering. The results indicate that reduction of noise expressed as RMSD by a factor of about 8 is possible with the filters available in the software package of the Ohio-Nuclear Delta 50 FS tomograph, with some sacrifice in spatial resolution. Results of preliminary experiments with an inhomogeneous phantom are in agreement with this finding and indicate that filtering allows smaller lesions to be detected.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

Modification of grey scale in computer tomographic images.

Optimum perception of minute but relevant attenuation differences in CT images often requires display window settings so narrow that a considerable fraction of the image appears completely black or white and consequently without structure. In order to improve the display characteristics two principles of grey scale modification are presented. In one method the pixel contents are displayed unchanged within a selectable attenuation band but moved towards the limits of the band for pixels that are outside it. In the other the grey scale is arranged to a constant number of pixels per grey scale interval.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Gastrointestinal motility and absorption of calcium during infusion of somatostatin in the rat.

The effect of somatostatin on gastric evacuation, small bowel propulsion and gastrointestinal (GI) absorption of calcium was studied in conscious rats. Nonabsorbable 125I-PVP was deposited in the stomach or in the duodenum and the distribution of the radioactivity along the excised GI specimen was recorded after 15 min. 47Ca in chloride from was administered simultaneously and the amont of radioactivity remaining in the GI speciment at sacrifice could easily be measured. Intravenous infusion of synthetic somatostatin (50 micrograms.kg-1.h-1), which resulted in a manifest although not extreme hypersomatostatinemia had no effect either on gastric evacuation, small bowel propulsion or GI absorption of calcium. The findings do not indicate that somatostatin has a direct effect on GI motility or absorption of calcium.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Image enhancement by digital-analog filtration. II. Tests of filters.

The function of a device for frequency filtration of roentgenograms with digital filters has been tested with the use of different filters. The image was altered in the expected way, which means that the device is suitable for investigating the possibilities of different filters to improve the diagnostic ability. The results of the tests indicate that improvement should be achieved by low-pass filtration.

Femur↗
PubMed1979

Image enhancement by digital-analog filtration. I. Technical description of device.

A device for general (10 x 10 pixels) image filtration of 24 cm x 30 cm roentgenograms in the image domain (10(6) pixels) is described. It combines analog and digital techniques and records the processed image on film in the same scale as the original. Results from preliminary tests of the equipment are reported and it is concluded that it yields images with increased perceptibility of large-scale objects of low photographic contrast in the presence of disturbing structures of high spatial frequency and comparably high photographic contrast.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1979

Equivalence of quantitative models for tumour response to ionizing radiation in treatment field optimisation procedures.

Three cell kinetic models of tumour response to ionising radiation were compared with regard to their prediction of variation in curability when the dose to the tumour varied between 54 and 66 Gy given in 30 fractions. It was found that a simple model emulated the results of the more complex ones when the parameters of the simple model were properly adjusted. A comparison of the simple model and the CRE formula gave a similar result.

Cell Survival↗
PubMed1979

Protective effect of hypoxia against radiation induced fibrosis in the rat gut.

The protective effect of hypoxia, induced by degradable microspheres, against the development of fibrosis was investigated after single-dose irradiation of exteriorized rat ileum. Evaluation, based upon microscopy and analysis of hydroxyproline in protected and nonprotected gut segments, demonstrated an evident protective effect at doses of 15 to 25 Gy.

Animals↗