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Biomedical subjects

B Juhl

Publications and source records attributed to B Juhl.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Impaired pulmonary and cardiac function after maximal exercise.

The cardiopulmonary response to maximal rowing exercise of short duration was studied in six healthy well-trained oarsmen. The lung diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide was significantly decreased below the pre-exercise value for 2.5 days post-exercise (P less than 0.05). Residual volume (RV) showed a significantly increased value at 30 min of recovery (P less than 0.01) with no change in total lung capacity. There was no significant change in transthoracic electrical impedance following exercise but a decrease may have been masked by the increased RV. The changes in the pulmonary parameters may reflect the occurrence of a transient interstitial lung oedema. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction may be a part of the cardiopulmonary response as peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was significantly reduced at 30 min of recovery. The reason for the increase in pulmonary extravascular water volume may be a marked distension of the lung capillaries due to increased blood volume in the lungs and as a consequence increased vascular permeability. The changes may also be caused by impaired myocardial contractility indicated by a split impedance dZ/dt waveform, not previously described in healthy persons, which occurred in all six subjects immediately following exercise.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Gastrointestinal motility and gastric pH and emptying following ingestion of diazepam.

The effects of diazepam on antroduodenal motility, gastric pH and gastric emptying rate were investigated in 10 volunteers. Gastric emptying was assessed using paracetamol absorption and antroduodenal motility and pH by means of a perfused multilumen tube. On the first study day, the volunteers received paracetamol in phase I after the occurrence of one complete interdigestive motility complex (IDMC). Diazepam was given on the second study day at the beginning of the first phase I and paracetamol was given one IDMC later. The rate of absorption correlated with motility (P less than 0.03). Some volunteers were fast absorbers on the first study day and slow on the second, indicating that absorption rate is not constant, but dependent on gastroduodenal motility. Diazepam tended to increase the gastric emptying rate and enhanced the amplitude of contractions and the motility index during phase II (P less than 0.02). Gastric pH increased after ingestion of diazepam (P less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Residual curarisation: a comparative study of atracurium and pancuronium.

Sixty patients (17-78 years old, ASA group I-II) were included in the study, which was triple-blind, randomised, stratified and controlled. Patients were selected in pairs according to sex and type of operation, and randomly allocated to one of two groups, atracurium or pancuronium. Anaesthesia was achieved with thiopentone, pethidine and nitrous oxide in oxygen, and patients were then given atracurium 0.1 mg kg-1 or pancuronium 0.6 mg kg-1. Incremental doses were administered when clinically indicated. On recovery, residual curarisation was evaluated clinically and with the train-of-four method by a doctor who was unaware of the neuromuscular blocking agents used. Residual curarisation was found to be less after neuromuscular blockade with atracurium in the doses used in this study. Atracurium has advantages in this respect when neuromuscular monitoring is not used during operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Minitracheotomy in the treatment of postoperative sputum retention and atelectasis.

Minitracheotomy (MT) is a new method for the treatment of sputum retention and atelectasis. Through a 1-cm incision in the cricothyroid membrane (coniotomy), a specially designed tube is placed in the trachea, allowing suction to be performed. Fifteen patients, aged 37-78 years (median 62 years), with postoperative sputum retention, atelectasis and imminent respiratory failure, were treated with suction by MT. Thirteen of the patients recovered from their respiratory problems, while two patients had to be treated with intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). During insertion, one case of external bleeding and one case of subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema were seen, while no complications were seen during cannulation. The duration of cannulation was 4-38 days (median 10 days). Following decannulation the incisions were airtight within 1 day and healed within 3 days. Ten patients left hospital in good health and five died because of surgical complications and/or cardiovascular failure. MT seems to be effective in the treatment of sputum retention and atelectasis. Advantages over other invasive methods make it a method of first choice. The method involves few complications and is often so effective that avoidance of intubation and IPPV is possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Gastric volume and pH in children for emergency surgery.

The volume and pH of gastric contents aspirated prior to anaesthesia were measured in 101 children admitted for emergency surgery. The children were aged between 3 months and 15 years. If we define potential patients at risk by means of the volume and pH of the gastric contents, then 50.0% of the children were at risk of aspiration into the lungs. The number of patients at risk was higher in children aged between 6 and 10 years. There was almost the same risk in the groups with abdominal-, urogenital-, and orthopaedic diseases, while the number of patients at risk was less in the group with superficial lesions. The length of fasting time in the child considerably influenced the volume of gastric contents in emergency surgical cases. It is concluded that in children admitted for emergency surgery there is a risk of aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs. The risk is reduced by preanaesthetic fasting. All children admitted for emergency surgery must be carefully evaluated prior to anaesthesia with special reference to gastric aspiration.

Adolescent↗