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Biomedical subjects

B Joseph

Publications and source records attributed to B Joseph.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Absorption and transfer of fe and mn in germinating sorghum.

The absorption of Fe from FeSO(4), FeEDTA, and FeEDDHA (ferric ethylenediaminedi (o-hydroxyphenylacetate)), and Mn from MnSO(4), MnEDTA, and MnEDDHA, by germinating sorghum (Sorghum vulgarie Pers. var. M 35-1) was studied. The seeds were found to absorb Fe and Mn from all the sources, and these ions moved to the scutellum, shoot, and root. EDDHA facilitated greater translocation of Fe and Mn from the seed to the shoot and root. The translocation of Fe was more towards the root than to the shoot, whereas it was the reverse in the case of Mn.We observed that the leaves of seedlings treated with Mn were slightly chlorotic. Further studies revealed that Mn did not affect the translocation of Fe, and possibly interfered with Fe utilization in chlorophyll synthesis.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential outcomes training facilitates memory in people with Korsakoff and Prader-Willi syndromes.

This article presents evidence that a teaching procedure called differential outcomes training enhances learning and memory. Differential outcomes training reinforces correct responses with outcomes that are unique and specific to the stimuli that are to be remembered. Teaching with this method enhances performance in people with Korsakoff syndrome and people with Prader-Willi syndrome, populations known to have learning and working memory deficits. This initial evidence that persons with learning and memory deficits benefit from differential outcomes training should encourage future work on the development of an intervention using this type of training to aide daily functioning by people with learning and memory impairments.

Cognition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rehabilitation of cerebral palsy in a developing country: the need for comprehensive assessment.

Records of 100 children with cerebral palsy from rural India attending a cerebral palsy clinic were analysed to determine the frequency of associated handicaps and to evaluate whether appropriate intervention had been instituted for these handicaps. All the children underwent speech, hearing, psychological, ophthalmologic, neurological, physical, functional and orthopaedic evaluations on their visit to the clinic. History was elicited from the parents of the patients to identify which of the disabilities were recognized either by them or their primary care physician, and whether any intervention had been instituted. The mean age of the patients was 6.9 years. Eighty-two per cent of the children had one or more disabilities apart from locomotor disabilities, visual defects being the commonest (54%). Fifty-four per cent of the children had more than one associated disability. Although 43% of the patients had been referred by a primary care physician, one or more associated disabilities had not been recognized and epilepsy was the only associated problem that had been treated prior to the evaluation. The study emphasizes the need for comprehensive evaluation of all children with cerebral palsy to enable proper rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Bacterial colonization of the upper respiratory tract and its association with acute lower respiratory tract infections in Highland children of Papua New Guinea.

Acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) is the major cause of death among children in Papua New Guinea. This longitudinal study reports the bacteriologic findings for children observed in their hamlets. A total of 1,449 nasal swab specimens from 158 children less than 5 years of age who were studied intensively for 18 months were examined. Non-serotypable strains of Haemophilus influenzae were isolated from 91% of specimens, and serotypable strains were isolated from 35% (8% H. influenzae type b) of specimens. All children had acquired Streptococcus pneumoniae by the age of 3 months. The most frequently occurring serotypes of S. pneumoniae were 6, 19, and 23. Children more frequently carried invasive pneumococci during an episode of ALRI than when they were healthy. Also, children more frequently carried serotypable strains of H. influenzae during the 2 weeks preceding an episode of ALRI than when they were healthy. Between-children analyses showed that children who were susceptible to attacks of ALRI and those who were not susceptible had similar rates of carriage of bacteria.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chondrolysis and the stiff hip in Perthes' disease: an immunological study.

The study was undertaken to determine whether immunologic mechanisms could account for hip stiffness and chondrolysis in Perthes' disease. Histologic and electron microscopic evidence of perivascular collections of plasma cells and lymphocytes in synovial tissue and the demonstration of elevated levels of circulating immunoglobulins in children with Perthes' disease suggest that immunologic processes are involved. Chondrolysis was observed only in children who were > 10 years old, with a totally avascular epiphysis in the stage of fragmentation. Because the serum immunoglobulin levels were not dependent on age, extent of epiphyseal avascularity, and the degree of hip stiffness, monitoring of these levels is unlikely to be of help in predicting chondrolysis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Talo-calcaneal relationship in clubfoot.

Talo-calcaneal angles were measured on anteroposterior, stress dorsiflexion, and plantarflexion lateral radiographs of 75 normal feet and 145 clubfeet. The talus and calcaneum from 15 normal fetal limbs were dissected without disturbing the subtalar capsule. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of these specimens were also obtained. The long axes of the ossific nuclei and the long axes of the cartilaginous anlagen of the bones were marked, and the talo-calcaneal angles were measured. The talo-calcaneal angles were lower in clubfeet than in normal feet, but there was considerable overlap in the ranges of normal and clubfeet for all the angles measured. The lateral talo-calcaneal angles in normal feet were higher in dorsiflexion than in plantarflexion, whereas the converse was true in clubfeet. The talo-calcaneal angles measured from the axes of the ossific nuclei of the fetal specimens were higher than those measured from the axes of the cartilaginous anlagen. Using logistic regression analysis, a mathematical model was made to predict the probability of correction of clubfeet. A lateral talo-calcaneal angle difference (between the stress dorsiflexion and plantarflexion angles) of 20 degrees suggests that there is a 93% probability that the hindfoot deformity of clubfoot has been adequately corrected. A talo-calcaneal angle of 30 degrees or a talo-calcaneal index of 40 degrees does not ensure correction of clubfoot. A decrease of the talo-calcaneal angle by up to 10 degrees occurs as the child grows because of the alteration of the shape of the ossific nucleus of the talus that occurs normally with growth.

Cadaver↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of tibial torsion by ultrasound.

A method of measuring tibial torsion with ultrasound, using reference lines on the tibia, was developed and tested on dry adult tibiae. This technique was used for evaluation of a group of children with apparently normal tibiae and another group of children with spina bifida, cerebral palsy, or clubfoot. The study showed that it is possible to measure true tibial torsion (rather than tibiofibular torsion) with ultrasound. The technique was found to be reliable and accurate enough for routine clinical use and had advantages over clinical methods and other radiographic imaging techniques. Values obtained by this technique are higher than those obtained by methods using the bimalleolar axis as the distal reference line.

Adult↗