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Biomedical subjects

B Joseph

Publications and source records attributed to B Joseph.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Management of Perthes disease of late onset in southern India. The evaluation of a surgical method.

We analysed the short-term outcome after varus osteotomy for Perthes' disease in 48 older children from south-west India, comparing them with 30 historical controls. The children were between 7 and 12 years of age at the onset of the disease. All had stage-I or stage-II disease, with half or more of the epiphysis involved. The operated children had an open-wedge subtrochanteric varus osteotomy with derotation or extension and a trochanteric epiphyseodesis. Weight-bearing was avoided until late stage III. The non-operated children had been treated symptomatically by conservative methods. At the time of healing, 62.5% of the operated group had spherical femoral heads compared with 20% of those treated non-operatively (p < 0.001). Of the operated children with Catterall group-IV involvement, 48% had good results as against 24% of the non-operated group (p < 0.05). The percentage increase in the radius of the affected femoral head compared with the normal side was significantly lower in children who had operations (14.68 v 25.65; p < 0.001). We have shown that the short-term results of early surgical containment in children over seven years of age are satisfactory.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1995

The influence of footwear on the prevalence of flat foot. A survey of 1846 skeletally mature persons.

We analysed the static footprints of 1846 skeletally mature individuals to establish the influence of the age at which shoe-wearing began on the prevalence of flat foot. The incidence was 3.24% among those who started to wear shoes before the age of six years, 3.27% in those who began between the ages of 6 and 15 and 1.75% in those who first wore shoes at the age of 16 (p < 0.001). Flat foot was highest in those who, as children, wore footwear for over eight hours each day. Obese individuals and those with ligament laxity had a higher prevalence of flat foot (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively). Even after adjusting for these two variables, significantly higher rates of prevalence were noted among those who began to wear shoes before the age of six years. Our findings suggest an association between the wearing of shoes in early childhood and flat foot.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1995

Altered skeletal growth in Perthes' disease: an anthropometric study of children from rural India.

In contrast to the features of Perthes' disease (PD) in England, children with PD in South west India are older and from rural areas. To test whether rural Indian children with PD demonstrate abnormalities in skeletal growth similar to those noted in English children, we studied 52 affected children and 100 normal controls. Each child had a detailed anthropometric evaluation; various body segments were measured. The study demonstrated that rural Indian children with PD showed impaired skeletal growth, with the feet most severely affected. The pattern of growth alteration was almost identical to that of English children with PD. The results suggest that despite difference in age of onset and rural-urban differences in Indian and English children with PD, a common etiologic factor responsible for skeletal retardation is active in both groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Gallie's fusion for atlantoaxial arthrosis with occipital neuralgia.

Atlantoaxial fusion by the Gallie's technique was performed in four patients with unilateral arthrosis of the atlantoaxial lateral articulation for incapacitating occipital neuralgia. Total relief of the occipital neuralgia was obtained in all the patients without having to resort to dorsal rhizotomy, which was the treatment advocated by the authors who described this entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Helicobacter pylori detection: a quality and cost analysis.

Histopathologic interpretation of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained endoscopic biopsies is a common method for identifying Helicobacter pylori. Few studies report the accuracy of this method, and none have compared costs of other diagnostic methods. In the clinical setting of a community hospital using standard diagnostic techniques, the purpose of this study were to determine 1) the comparative sensitivities and specificities of the H&E stain, the Warthin-Starry silver stain, the Giemsa stain, and the CLOtest; 2) the sensitivity and specificity of an "experienced" pathologist in identifying H. pylori by H&E stains, compared with a rotating pathology faculty; and 3) the time to diagnosis (turnaround time) and current patient charges for each diagnostic method. Bacterial identification by the silver stain (or a combination of other tests which were likely to compensate for false-positive and false-negative silver stains) were used as the diagnostic standard in evaluating 94 consecutive cases with the following results: The H&E stain interpreted by the rotating pathology staff was the least sensitive method and one of the least specific tests that were studied. The silver and Giemsa stains were equally sensitive in identifying H. pylori; the silver stain was more specific. The CLOtest was less sensitive than the silver and Giemsa stains, but was equally specific. CLOtest was similar in sensitivity to the H&E stain examined by the "experienced" pathologist, but was more specific. An experienced pathologist was significantly more sensitive than the rotating pathologists in evaluating H&E-stained slides. Therefore, if H&E stains are used to identify H. pylori, which is a common practice, it may be advantageous to use an experienced pathologist. The CLOtest was a simple, rapid, and cost effective substitute for H&E stains in the identification of H. pylori.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1992

Measurement of femoral torsion with ultrasound: evaluation of a new technique using reference lines on the posterior surface of the femur.

A technique of measuring femoral torsion employing reference lines on the posterior surface of the femur has been described. This technique was evaluated on 27 dry adult femora and then on 40 adult patients. The technique was found to be reliable and reproducible. The values of femoral torsion obtained by this technique is lower than that obtained when anterior reference lines are used.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The influence of footwear on the prevalence of flat foot. A survey of 2300 children.

We analysed static footprints of 2300 children between the ages of four and 13 years to establish the influence of footwear on the prevalence of flat foot. The incidence among children who used footwear was 8.6% compared with 2.8% in those who did not (p less than 0.001). Significant differences between the predominance in shod and unshod children were noted in all age groups, most marked in those with generalised ligament laxity. Flat foot was most common in children who wore closed-toe shoes, less common in those who wore sandals or slippers, and least in the unshod. Our findings suggest that shoe-wearing in early childhood is detrimental to the development of a normal longitudinal arch.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Psychic change: some perspectives.

I have not attempted in this paper to discuss psychic change in general, nor the aims of change as such, but rather an approach to achieving psychic change. I discuss the way in which both patient and analyst bring into the analytic relationship their own way of looking at things, their own vertex, and how the converging and separating out of these vertices is part of the movement within the analytic relationship, in the session, where it is experienced by both participants and is basic to the stuff of insight and to psychic change.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Optimum duration of transtelephonic ECG monitoring when used for transient symptomatic event detection.

Transtelephonic electrocardiographic monitoring (TTM) has been used for postpacemaker follow-up study, postmyocardial infarction monitoring, and transient symptomatic event detection (TSED). For postpacemaker follow-up study, TTM is continued indefinitely. For postmyocardial infarction monitoring, TTM is continued for 1 year or more. For TSED, the appropriate duration for TTM has not yet been adequately assessed. Accordingly, the authors determined the yield, by week, of TTM for TSED. Five thousand fifty-two patients who made 20,590 calls were analyzed for this investigation. Ninety-five percent of patients making symptomatic calls or making a call in which an arrhythmia was documented did so within 5 weeks. Shorter periods would sacrifice yield, longer periods may not be cost-effective.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac↗
PubMed1991

Serum immunoglobulin in Perthes' disease.

Serum immunoglobulin concentrations in 41 children with Perthes' disease and 82 age and sex matched controls were measured by radial immunodiffusion. Significant increases in IgG and IgM were seen in children with Perthes' disease.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1989

Identification of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVMAC env gene products.

A monoclonal antibody recognizing an antigenic determinant on the env transmembrane protein, gp32 of simian immunodeficiency virus SIVMAC has been developed and designated SF8/5E11. The reactivity of this antibody was found to be type specific, since it did not cross-react with either SIVSMM or SIVMNe transmembrane proteins. The availability of both this antibody and the complete nucleotide sequence of SIVMAC allowed us to define the organization of the env gene products of this virus. Radiolabel sequencing of the amino termini of both gp160 and gp32 confirmed the positions of both cleavage sites predicted by alignment of the inferred amino acid sequences of the SIVMAC and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env genes. The cleavage site between the signal peptide and the external env glycoprotein resides between the cysteine residue at position 21 and the threonine residue at position 22, starting from the first residue after the env gene initiator methionine. The env precursor polyprotein gp160 is cleaved between arginine 526 and glycine 527 to give rise to the external glycoprotein and the transmembrane of SIVMAC.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Asthmatic patients have neutrophils that exhibit diminished responsiveness to adenosine.

Activation of neutrophils (PMN) within the airways results in the secretion of a number of products such as reduced oxygen metabolites that could contribute to the inflammatory response associated with asthma. However, mediators of allergy, such as histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), isoproterenol, and adenosine, may serve to mitigate this inflammation through feedback inhibition of neutrophil function. To test the hypothesis that PMN activation and feedback inhibition mechanisms may be abnormal in asthmatics, we compared both superoxide production and adenosine-induced suppression of superoxide production in 12 matched pairs of asthmatics and control subjects. PMN obtained from asthmatic patients generated significantly more superoxide in response to f-met-leu-phe (fMLP) than controls (2.94 +/- 55 nmol/5 x 10(5) PMN/5 min versus 1.38 +/- 0.35 at 2 x 10(-8) M fMLP and 3.81 +/- 0.68 nmol versus 2.04 +/- 0.45 nmol at 10(-7) M; p less than 0.01 for both). In contrast, the respiratory burst generated by two receptor-independent stimuli, the calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate, was equivalent between control and asthmatic subjects. At 10(-6) M, 2-chloroadenosine induced a 19.5 +/- 5.1% inhibition of fMLP-stimulated superoxide production in PMN from patients with asthma as compared to 55.6 +/- 24.6% inhibition in PMN from control subjects (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2-Chloroadenosine↗
PubMed1989

Morphological changes in the acetabulum in Perthes' disease.

Radiographs of 155 Indian children were examined to identify the acetabular changes which occur in Perthes' disease. These changes included osteoporosis of the acetabular roof, irregularity of contour, premature fusion of the triradiate cartilage, hypertrophy of articular cartilage and changes in dimensions. These changes tended to be more marked in older children and when more than half of the femoral epiphysis was involved. Comparison with 25 cases of Perthes' disease from Liverpool showed the same picture. Several of the acetabular changes noted during the active stages were also seen in a series of 24 adult hips after Perthes' disease. Radio-isotope scans of the hips of 27 children with Perthes' disease showed a consistently increased uptake in the acetabulum on the affected side, indicative of a local increase in vascularity and metabolic activity. It was possible to postulate a working model for the pathogenesis of all the acetabular changes. A number of statistical correlations suggest that most of the changes have a bearing on the final outcome.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1988

The epidemiology of Perthes' disease in south India.

The incidence of Perthes' disease in parts of south India was estimated by means of a hospital survey, an incidence study and a prevalence survey. Based on the incidence study it was noted that the minimum incidence of Perthes' disease in Udupi Taluk on the western coastal plain of south India was 4.4 per 100,000 children aged 5 to 14 years, while the prevalence survey suggested that the incidence may be as high as 14.8 per 100,000 children. The studies showed that there is a marked geographical variation in the incidence of Perthes' disease in south India, the disease being much more common in the western coastal region than elsewhere. The age of onset of the disease was significantly higher than that reported from England and the disease appeared to be rural rather than urban.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Urinary concentrations of ovarian steroid hormone metabolites and bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone in killer whales (Orcinus orchus) during ovarian cycles and pregnancy.

Reproductive hormone profiles of six captive killer whales (Orcinu orcus) from three Sea World aquaria were studied for intervals up to 2 yr. Daily urine samples and bimonthly blood samples were collected and analyzed for hormone concentration. Immunoreactive estrone conjugates, pregnanediol-3-glucoruonide, 20-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone as well as bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured in urine samples and indexed by creatinine concentrations of the same sample. In selected cases, serum progesterone concentrations were also measured. Three of the animals in the study became pregnant during the study period and two of these animals were evaluated during the time of conception and throughout most of gestation. From the data of the three animals that conceived, hormone profiles of the complete ovarian cycle, early pregnancy, and mid- to late gestation are described. The remaining three animals did not conceive and only one of these demonstrated hormone changes that indicated regular ovarian activity. The female reproductive pattern of the killer whale is characterized by a gestation of 17 mo and an ovarian cycle of 6-7 wk in duration. The hormone changes associated with the ovarian cycle of the killer whale are similar to those of most other mammalian species. A bimodal pattern of bioactive FSH with a pronounced rise of estrogen predominates the preovulatory hormone profile. After ovulation, increased progesterone production is observed for approximately 4 wk in the nonconceptive ovarian cycle. During the luteal phase and early pregnancy, when progesterone metabolites are elevated, estrogen metabolite excretion remains low. These data extend the application of urine collections for longitudinal studies involving hormone changes, particularly those involving nondomesticated species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗