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Biomedical subjects

B Jones

Publications and source records attributed to B Jones.

At least 487 records · Page 27Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Dynamic imaging of the pharynx.

The technique of dynamic imaging of the pharynx and some supplementary maneuvers which can be tailored to the individual patient's needs are discussed in detail. An approach to the analysis of normal and abnormal swallowing studies is presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Pharyngoesophageal interrelationships: observations and working concepts.

Simultaneous disorders of the pharynx and esophagus are so frequent that the complete swallowing chain should be examined in all patients with dysphagia. Data are presented to support the concept that such simultaneous disorders represent related phenomena; the mechanism involves changes in cricopharyngeal function seen radiographically as cricopharyngeal prominence. If neurologic disease has been excluded, cricopharyngeal prominence may be the clue to esophageal disease. When cricopharyngeal prominence is found during dynamic imaging of the pharynx, intensive examination of the esophagus and a search for signs of compensation or decompensation in the pharynx should be undertaken.

Cineradiography↗
PubMed1985

The Swallowing Center: concepts and procedures.

This paper describes the purpose and organization of a dedicated center at The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions for the evaluation of swallowing problems. The multidisciplinary approach outlined will permit a better understanding and more accurate diagnosis of the functional or organic lesions affecting the swallowing mechanisms. Illustrative cases are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Behavioral management of children's distress during chemotherapy.

Three children, aged 11-14, undergoing cancer chemotherapy were coached in cue-controlled muscle relaxation, controlled breathing, pleasant imagery and positive self-talk during chemotherapy venopunctures. Using a multiple baseline across subjects design, 46-68% reductions from baseline levels of observed behavioral distress during venopunctures were found during intervention. Medical personnel and self-report ratings of the children's distress during venopunctures also decreased during intervention. Parental ratings of children's distress, however, did not change. Methodological issues in inpatient treatment of cancer patients and the self-report assessment of children's distress are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Assessment of delayed-type hypersensitivity in man: a comparison of the "Multitest" and conventional intradermal injection of six antigens.

Recall of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) as a test for cell-mediated immune competence was assessed in 254 subjects using the Multitest device which delivers seven skin-test antigens intradermally; 77 subjects were tested concurrently by Multitest and a conventional panel of six antigens. Similar results were obtained with Multitest and the conventional panel (R = 0.65). Reproducibility of Multitest between three observers, who independently assessed the aggregate size of reactions (the reaction score) in 45 subjects, was high (R = 0.89). Twenty-four subjects were tested twice 3 months apart; the correlation for the reaction score was high (R = 0.88), demonstrating the suitability of Multitest for serial studies of immune function. Anergy was infrequent (1%) among 110 healthy male controls but was more frequent (8%) among a group of 101 healthy male homosexuals (P less than 0.05). The response rate to particular test antigens differed for the three Australian groups tested and a previously studied French group. Hence there is a need to establish normal profiles of DTH responsiveness for different geographic areas, as well as among subjects of known age and sex, when assessing cell-mediated immunity by the level of DTH responsiveness to multiple skin test antigens.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Duplication of the male urethra: report of three cases.

Three cases of urethral duplication are added to about 200 cases already reported in the literature. Two cases are of complete duplication of the male urethra. A case of incomplete duplication is also described, presenting, unusually, following an episode of trauma. Diagnosis was made by micturating cystourethrography and retrograde urethrography. Because of the association of other abnormalities of the urinary tract, further investigations should be undertaken. Therapy is required only in exceptional cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Incorporation of L-75Se-cystine in tissue fragments from the matrix of the hoof and the claw--a tool for studying the pathogenesis of laminitis?

An in vitro method has been designed and used to study the incorporation of 75Se-cystine into matrix fragments from hooves and claws of healthy horses and cattle. Tissue fragments from the zone of keratinisation were incubated with L-75Se-cystine in a tissue culture medium for 4 to 6 h, during which time there was continuous incorporation of the labelled selenocystine. The incorporation was greatly decreased by adding L-cystine to the incubation mixture. It is concluded that the incorporation of 75Se-cystine depends on the presence of a specific receptor for cystine in the tissue fragments studied. The possible application of the method to studies of the pathogenesis of laminitis is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

A study of white finger in the gas industry.

Men engaged in breaking or reinstating road surfaces are exposed to vibration from mechanical tools. In view of the lack of epidemiological information on vibration white finger in such a population, a survey was carried out to identify the prevalence of symptoms of white finger in a sample of men using these tools in the gas industry and to compare the prevalence with that found in a control group not occupationally exposed to vibration. Altogether 905 men (97%) in the gas industry and 552 men (92%) in the control group were interviewed, using a questionnaire from which the presence or absence of white finger symptoms from all causes was noted. The prevalence of white finger was 9.6% in the group exposed to vibration at work compared with 9.5% in the control group. The prevalence in the former group when adjusted for age differences between the survey and control populations was 12.2%, but this difference did not reach statistical significance. In case the approach of comparing prevalences of white finger from all causes might have obscured any contributory effect of vibration, the prevalence of white finger was examined in relation to the number of years vibrating tools had been used, this being the only measure of exposure to vibration available. No direct association was found between the prevalence of symptoms and number of years vibrating tools had been used. In view of this and the absence of a significant excess of white finger symptoms in the group using vibratory tools, the authors conclude that vibration white finger is not a special problem in the gas industry. Nevertheless, experimental tests carried out on the different types of roadbreakers used in the industry and on different road surfaces indicate that the vibration levels exceed the standards advocated in the draft international standard DIS 5349 (1979) at the lower end of the frequency spectrum. That no particular problem has been found may be due to the relatively short exposures to vibration experienced by the operators or the fact that they are able to grip the tools lightly, or even, possibly, that the standards suggested in DIS 5349 do not accurately reflect the risk of vibration white finger when they are exceeded at the lower end of the frequency spectrum for vibrating tools such as roadbreakers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Tardive dyskinesia uncovered after ingestion of Sominex, an over-the-counter drug.

Ingestion of an over-the-counter preparation of diphenhydramine (Sominex), an anticholinergic antihistamine, induced a dramatic uncovering of generalized tardive dyskinesia in an outpatient on chronic neuroleptic therapy. Failure to obtain a detailed medication history, including that of non-prescription drugs, may lead to incorrect diagnosis and management.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMed1985

CT in the diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae.

Enterovesical fistulae are difficult to demonstrate by conventional radiographic methods. Computed tomography (CT), a sensitive, noninvasive method of documenting the presence of such fistulae, is unique in its ability to outline the extravesical component of the primary disease process. Twenty enterovesical fistulae identified by CT were caused by diverticulitis (nine), carcinoma of the rectosigmoid (two), Crohn disease (three), gynecologic tumors (two), bladder cancer (one), cecal carcinoma (one), prostatic neoplasia (one), and appendiceal abscess (one). The CT findings included intravesical air (90%), passage of orally or rectally administered contrast medium into the bladder (20%), focal bladder-wall thickening (90%), thickening of adjacent bowel wall (85%), and an extraluminal mass that often contained air (75%). The fistulae secondary to diverticulitis, rectosigmoid neoplasms, carcinoma of the bladder, and uterine tumors involved the left and/or posterior aspects of the bladder. Those form Crohn disease of the terminal ileum or cecal and appendiceal lesions implicated the right lateral or anterior aspects of the bladder. CT proved to be an important new method in the diagnosis of enterovesical fistulae.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Modes of cell:cell communication in the immune system.

Different cell types in the immune system appear to mediate their effects by markedly different means. B lymphocytes couple information for specificity with information for function in a single long-range molecule, antibody. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T cells, which we have analyzed in detail, appear to recognize antigen only on the surface of cells bearing the appropriate MHC gene product. This interaction provokes the T cell to release short-range, non-antigen-specific mediators (lymphokines) that preferentially act on the target cell bearing the antigen and stimulating the T cell. Regulatory T cells appear to make antigen-specific long-range molecules that, like antibody, combine specificity with information for function. However, unlike antibody molecules, these regulatory T cell products display recognition for particular target cells in the form of genetic restrictions. These behaviors are compared to strategies of cell:cell communication in the nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Plasma levels of neuroleptic in patients receiving depot fluphenazine.

Depot forms of fluphenazine are frequently used in the outpatient treatment of psychiatric patients. To gather relevant data on pharmacokinetic characteristics of depot fluphenazines, the authors measured plasma levels of neuroleptic activity in 76 clinic patients on stable dosage regimens of fluphenazine decanoate or fluphenazine enanthate. Dose and plasma neuroleptic activity level were highly correlated for both forms of depot fluphenazine. Furthermore, the slope of the regression of log dose to the log plasma neuroleptic activity was the same for both drug forms. However, doses of enanthate twice those of decanoate were associated with the same mean plasma level of neuroleptic activity. Finally, while blood levels of drug overlapped markedly in cohorts of patients receiving different doses of depot medication, the assumption of recent studies that, on the average, patients in such cohorts have different blood and tissue levels of drug was confirmed.

Delayed-Action Preparations↗