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Biomedical subjects

B Jones

Publications and source records attributed to B Jones.

At least 451 records · Page 25Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Behavioral effects of THC as a function of environment and prior drug experience.

Holtzman albino rats were divided into 4 groups, and on 5 consecutive days each group was exposed to one of 4 conditions. The drug-adapted group was given delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) (0.0, 0.5, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg PO) in their home cages, while the environment-adapted group was given vehicle and placed for one hr in the chamber where they were later tested. The naive group was given vehicle in their home cages and the drug + environment adapted group was given THC and placed in the test chamber. One week later, all rats were given either 0.0, 0.5, 2.5, or 5.0 mg/kg THC and placed in the test chamber where standing, sitting, and behavioral activity were measured. The results showed that the behavioral effects of THC are a function of environmental familiarity in rats who are drug naive but not in rats given prior exposure to THC.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1987

Influence of steroid hormones on the growth fraction of human breast carcinomas.

The growth fraction (GF) of human breast adenocarcinomas was studied in order to determine whether it was influenced by certain biologic characteristics of the host and whether it was modulated by the tumor's steroid hormone receptor status. It was also examined whether steroid treatment in vitro stimulated tumor's GF. Thirty-five primary breast adenocarcinomas from patients ranging in age from 26 to 85 years were analyzed for size and estrogen receptor (E2R) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. One portion of each tumor was cultured in medium 199 under four different conditions: addition of insulin alone or with 17 beta-estradiol (E), progesterone (P), or a combination of both hormones (E + P). In six cases, a dose-response curve was established for E (10(-14) to 10(-12) mol/L) and P (10(-11) to 10(-9) mol/L). Tissues were exposed to a continuous pulse of 2.5 microCi/mL (3H)-thymidine for five days before fixation and processing for autoradiography. GF ranged from 0.0074 to 0.3852, median 0.0550, and it was arbitrarily classified as low GF, less than 0.0550; or high GF, equal or greater than 0.0550. GF was significantly higher in patients with lymph nodes free of metastatic tumor than in those with positive lymph nodes. Estradiol treatment at low doses increased GF in 40% of tumors, whereas high doses increased GF in 14%. Progesterone treatment increased GF in 30% of tumors treated with low doses and in 14% of those treated with high doses. Treatment with E + P markedly depressed the GF of 85% of the tumors. It was concluded that the GF of breast carcinomas showed a great variability, which seemed to be independent of host factors such as age, menopausal status, parity history, or smoking habits; a second conclusion was that breast tumors' GF was not stimulated by steroid hormone treatment in vitro, and its response did not correlate with their hormone receptor status.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

The clinical significance of the anticentromere antibody.

To elucidate further the clinical significance of the anticentromere antibody (ACA), 32 Australian-born Caucasian patients with scleroderma (SD) or CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, oesophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and telangiectasia) were reclassified as ACA-positive (19 patients) or ACA-negative (13 patients). The clinical features of the two groups were compared. Mean disease duration was 11.7 years for the ACA-positive group and 1.1 years for the ACA-negative group. No ACA-positive patient had generalized skin SD, whereas all ACA-negative patients with disease duration greater than 6 months had moderate or severe proximal scleroderma. Only one ACA-positive patient had serious extra-oesophageal internal organ involvement, excluding primary biliary cirrhosis (three patients) which is itself associated with ACA. Three ACA-negative patients had serious extra-oesophageal internal organ involvement. No ACA-positive patient had been treated with penicillamine or captopril compared with 11 ACA-negative patients. Thus ACA appears to be a favourable prognostic indicator. Analysis of individual CREST manifestations in ACA-positive patients revealed that most had 'incomplete CREST', lacking one or two of the five features. The classification of SD patients as ACA-positive or ACA-negative is suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Lines of the pharynx.

This superbly illustrated article is an invaluable guide to the interpretation of double contrast pharyngograms.

Barium Sulfate↗
PubMed1987

Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE) and complement components (C3, C4) in nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change and other forms of glomerulonephritis, a clue for steroid therapy?

Serum IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4 were measured in 13 patients with minimal change (MC) glomerulonephritis and 10 with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) due to other forms of glomerulonephritis. The tests were repeated in all patients with MC glomerulonephritis when they went into remission. Serum IgG was reduced, IgM, IgE and C3 were raised while serum IgA was within the normal range when the patients were nephrotic. Changes in serum immunoglobulins and complement components were not specific to MC glomerulonephritis and these parameters reverted towards normal when the NS went into remission. Elevated C3 levels probably reflected increased hepatic protein synthesis since C3 correlated significantly with serum cholesterol. There was a tendency for serum IgE concentrations to positively correlate with the total dose of prednisolone required to bring the NS to remission.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

The psychological development of a twin: a case study of the importance of a symptom.

In this paper we focus on the evaluation, assessment, diagnostic conclusions, and individual psychotherapy of a four year old twin who presented with the symptom of encopresis. Of great relevance to this boy is the literature concerning his vulnerability as a twin to develop symptomatology as he starts dealing with separation and individuation issues. Especially relevant are the multiple impacts of attitudes, perceptions and family rearing issues on the psychological development of this twin, and also on the development of this specific symptom choice--encopresis. Incorporating literature with case material, the meaning of the symptom of encopresis to this twin is discussed. The hypothesis defended is that the symptom enabled the twin to attract attention from his somewhat favoured brother, and to promote the process of separation and individuation from his parents and from his twin. It promoted his sense of himself as a separate and unique person in his own right. The child developed a sense of himself despite parental interference. With individual psychotherapy and family therapy, the need for the symptom was neglected.

Anger↗
PubMed1987

CT evaluation of Crohn's disease: effect on patient management.

CT scans from 80 consecutive patients with clinically symptomatic Crohn's disease were reviewed retrospectively to determine the effect of CT diagnosis on patient management. The initial clinical impression and any subsequent change in patient management because of the CT findings were noted. In 22 (28%) of the 80 patients, significant previously unsuspected findings led to a change in medical or surgical management. These included 12 patients with fistulae, four with abscess, two with avascular necrosis of the femoral head, two with sacral osteomyelitis, and single cases of pelvic inflammatory disease and femoral vein thrombosis.

Crohn Disease↗
PubMed1987

Enteroenteric intussusception: CT findings in nine patients.

The CT scans in nine proven cases of enteroenteric intussusception were analyzed. Three different CT patterns were observed: a target lesion (n = 5), a reniform mass (n = 2), and a sausage-shaped mass with alternating layers of low and high attenuation (n = 2). Small-bowel series were available within 2-4 days of CT in eight patients and were positive in five. Surgical proof of intussusception was available in seven of the nine patients. Resected small-bowel specimens from patients with the reniform configuration revealed focal ischemic changes. Other objective parameters of ischemia such as acidosis and hyperamylasemia were also present in the two patients with reniform masses. Such changes were not evident in the other patients. This suggests that intussusceptions with reniform configurations warrant more urgent surgical attention. The varying patterns of intussusception on CT should be recognized so that appropriate management can be initiated.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Right lower quadrant pain in the immunocompromised patient: CT findings in 10 cases.

Ten immunosuppressed patients with right lower quadrant pain were examined by CT. Underlying conditions responsible for immunosuppression included acute myelogenous leukemia (n = 2), acute lymphocytic leukemia (n = 2), aplastic anemia (n = 2), AIDS (n = 3), and cystic fibrosis combined with prolonged steroid therapy for bronchospasm (n = 1). CT suggested the diagnosis of typhlitis (n = 7), intramural hemorrhage (n = 1), ileal perforation (n = 1), and appendiceal abscess (n = 1). The diagnosis of typhlitis was established by clinical evaluation in five patients, by colonoscopy in one patient, and by autopsy in another patient. The single cases of intestinal hemorrhage, ileal perforation, and appendiceal abscess were confirmed by exploratory laparotomy. It is difficult to make an accurate diagnosis of acute abdominal conditions in the immunosuppressed patient. Symptoms and physical findings are often suppressed as a result of steroid or immunosuppressive therapy. CT, being noninvasive, is useful in the evaluation of persistent right lower quadrant pain in the immunocompromised patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Psychiatric morbidity in Hobart's dependent aged.

Psychiatric morbidity in the dependent aged was studied in the elderly population of Hobart's nursing homes and long-stay hospitals. Only patients with home addresses in Hobart and who were admitted for the first time aged 70 years or over were included. Three hundred and twelve persons were interviewed with a standard interview, and an informant was interviewed when appropriate. The medical records were searched for diagnoses and drug treatments. Physical disability was rated on an ad hoc scale. Comparisons were made of the prevalence of dementia, depression and anxiety in different types of unit, and between these and two domiciliary samples, one of which received domiciliary nursing services (n = 100) and the other not (n = 100). The differential use of institutions by men and women, and a possible sex difference in the prevalence of dementia is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

To tunnel or not to tunnel catheters for parenteral nutrition.

The effect of subcutaneous catheter tunnelling on the incidence of catheter sepsis and on catheter life span in the absence of a nutrition team was determined in a prospective controlled clinical trial. Eighty one patients who received 92 courses of parenteral nutrition had 110 catheters inserted. Alternate catheters were tunnelled. Four patients who received parentheral nutrition for less than 48 hours were excluded from the study. Catheter related sepsis occurred in one tunnelled (1.8%) and 4 non-tunnelled catheters (7.6%) (P greater than 0.05 NS). Mean life span of tunnelled catheters was 21 days (range 5-37 days) compared to 12.6 days for non-tunnelled (range 3-19 days) (P less than 0.05). Six non-tunnelled catheters became displaced, a complication which did not occur with tunnelled catheters (P less than 0.01). In conclusion subcutaneous tunnelling of silicone catheters prolongs catheter life span but does not significantly influence catheter sepsis.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

Specificity and biological activity of the protein deposited on the hydrogel surface. Relationship of polymer structure to biofilm formation.

The in-situ lens-bound protein layer (LBPL) was characterized on hydrogels of varying water content and ionic-binding capacity. The LBPL proved to be critically dependent on the ionic binding capacity of a given hydrogel. On nonionic polymers the LBPL invariably was thin and largely insoluble. Histochemical staining allowed the detection of all major types of tear proteins. Amino acid analysis revealed a variable composition. Extractable protein proved devoid of active lysozyme. Electrophoresis of pooled samples revealed a variable mixture of acidic, neutral, and basic bands. To what extent variability is dependent on tear film composition and lens structure awaits use of more sensitive analytic procedures. On anionic hydroxyethylmethacrylate copolymer lenses, the LBPL proved radically different. Here the LBPL invariably was much thicker and composed primarily of loosely bound protein. Electrophoresis and enzymatic analysis revealed a homogenous layer consisting primarily of lysozyme much of which retains enzymatic activity. The amino acid analysis of the insoluble protein suggests a similar composition. Specificity of deposition can be attributed to ionic affinity. Conformational integrity can be attributed partly to the unique stability of lysozyme. Electrophoresis of a pooled anionic lens extract revealed an unknown, highly mobile, basic protein. This presumably represents the selective accumulation of a highly basic trace or transient constituent of the tear film. The specificity and biological activity of the LBPL on the anionic lens may modify hydrogel biocompatibility affecting risk of spoilage, microbial colonization, and propensity to trigger an inflammatory and immune response.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

Intermediate dose methotrexate in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia resulting in decreased incidence of testicular relapse.

Six hundred thirty-four children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were randomized to receive sanctuary therapy consisting of either cranial irradiation (CRT) plus intrathecal (IT) methotrexate (MTX) or three courses of intermediate-dose methotrexate (IDM) plus intrathecal methotrexate. Two hundred sixty-six male patients achieved a complete response and were evaluable for the effects of prophylactic therapy on the duration of remission. There was one isolated testicular relapse (0.8%) in the IDM group compared with 14 (10%) in the CRT group. The incidence of testicular relapse was significantly lower in the patients treated with IDM (P less than 0.001). High plasma levels of MTX achieved during the 24-hour infusions may result in increased penetration of MTX into the interstitium of the testes, thus allowing for the eradication of sequestered leukemic cells and preventing the emergence of drug resistance resulting from exposure to sublethal concentration of MTX.

Actuarial Analysis↗