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Biomedical subjects

B Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to B Johansson.

At least 757 records · Page 42Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Establishment of peripheral lymphoid cell cultures from patients with Hodgkin's disease depending on Epstein-Barr-Virus-reactivity and cellular immunity.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 43 patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied for spontaneous growth in longterm cultures in vitro. The rate of culture establishment in Hodgkin's patients was dependant on a positive Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV)-seroreactivity and intact delayed hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin. Localized and inactive disease, as well as the absence of atypical mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood had a favourable influence on the longterm in vitro growth. The overall establishment rate in Hodgkin patients was 18 out of 60 attempts (30%), 16 out of 34 (47%) in patients without treatment, only 2 out of 26 (7.7%) attempts during treatment. These results were compared with culture attempts of peripheral blood cells from healthy individuals and umbilical cord blood lymphocytes. Only 12 out of 60 attempts in healthy donors (18.2%) and 0 out of 49 attempts with umbilical cord blood lymphocytes were successful.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1977

Mechanical, electrical, and biochemical effects of hypoxia and substrate removal on spontaneously active vascular smooth muscle.

Effects of hypoxia and glucose-free solution on the isolated rat portal vein were studied. Decrease of extracellular PO2 below 50 mm Hg caused graded inhibition of spontaneous mechanical activity; below 7 mm Hg, inhibition was complete in most preparations. Contracture force of depolarized portal vein was less sensitive to decreases in PO2. Responses to noradrenaline at all concentrations were markedly depressed at extreme hypoxia. Sucrose-gap experiments showed that hypoxia reduced the spontaneous electrical spike discharge. Mean tissue contents of PCr, ATP and glycogen (expressed as glucose) were 3.02, 2.47 and 5.07 micromol/g cell wt. in spontaneously active control muscles and 1.07, 1.65 and 1.83 after 20 min anoxia. Physiological variations in PO2 may influence myogenic activity of vascular smooth muscle largely through an action at the membrane level and this mechanism may participate in local blood flow control. Caculations indicated that the graded response to hypoxia in the present in vitro experiments was not due to diffusion limitation. Spontaneous mechanical activity was relatively well maintained even after prolonged exposure to glucose-free solution, whereas the responses to K+ and noradrenaline were markedly suppressed. Electrophysiological recordings during spontaneous activity indicated desynchronization and impaired conduction. PCr and ATP were maintained at control levels and glycogen reduced by 50 per cent after 2 h in glucose-free medium. Indications of the use of amino acids (glutamate) as substrate under these conditions were obtained.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Rate-dependent myogenic response of vascular smooth muscle during imposed changes in length and force.

A recent study of electrical and mechanical responses to stretch in isolated vascular smooth muscle revealed a clear-cut and graded influence of the rate of change in length, dL/dt (Johnansson and Mellander, 1975). This myogenic "dynamic" response at high rates of stretch was much more pronounced than the "static" response to constant, increased (+40%) length. In this previous study the mechanical responses were recorded as active force. In view of the fact that myogenic reactions in vivo must be associated with changes in vessel caliber, it was considered of interest to investigate the responses to stretch also in smooth muscle undergoing active shortening. In the present study, as in the one referred to above, electrical and mechanical activity in the isolated rat portal vein was studied by the sucrose gap method. However, in the present experiments the mechanical responses were recorded not only as active force but also as active shortening, making possible a comparison of the myogenic responses under these two types of smooth muscle contraction. Dynamic passive stretch was found to be associated with marked increase in spike discharge and mechanical activity under both these experimental conditions and the quantitative relation between spike discharge and rate of passive stretch (or shortening) was similar. Thus, active shortening of the smooth muscle did not interfere with the ability of the vessel to respond myogenically to passive stretch. A further analysis of the results suggested that, for the preparations as a whole, the dynamic excitatory response was more closely related to the rate of change of passive force, dP/dt, than to dL/dt.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Cerebrospinal irradiation of Burkitt's lymphoma. Failure in preventing central nervous system relapse.

Twenty-two patients with Burkitt's lymphoma in complete remission induced by either cyclophosphamide or a combination of cyclophosphamide, oncovin and methotrexate were randomized to receive or not to receive prophylactic cerebrospinal irradiation. Six of 11 irradiated patients relapsed with tumour of the central nervous system as compared to 4 of 11 controls. Relapse frequency appeared to be related to stage of disease on admission. It is concluded that irradiation does not prevent relapse.

Brain↗
PubMed1977

Prognostic factors in Hodgkin's disease. I. Analysis of histopathology, stage distribution and results of therapy.

An unselected material of 83 consecutive and previously untreated adult patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) from the Stockholm area is presented. The distribution of patients according to age was characteristically bimodal. The histopathological subtypes were 16% lymphocyte predominance (LP), 33% nodular sclerosis (NS), 37% mixed cellularity (MC) and 11% lymphocyte depletion (LD). The patients were treated with aggressive megavoltage irradiation and multidrug chemotherapy. Major factors affecting prognosis were age, clinical stage and constitutional symptoms. Patients with LP and NS subtypes had only slightly better prognosis that patients classified as MC and LD. The overall survival was 68% at 41/2 years, which is close to that reported from other groups with similar composition of their materials with regard to age, histopathology and stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Concanavalin A receptors on the surface membrane of lymphocytes from patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma and lymphoma cell lines.

Lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood and from tumor tissues of patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma have been studied for cap formation and agglutinability by Concanavalin A (Con A). Peripheral blood from healthy adult persons served as a normal control and blood from patients with carcinoma served as a non-lymphoma control. These studies included 29 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, 93 with carcinoma, and 105 healthy adult persons, as well as tumor tissues from 13 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. The great majority of the carcinomas were from the face and neck regions. Lymphocytes from the blood of the majority of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, as well as those from tumor tissues, exhibited a reduced cap-forming ability (2-6%) and increased Con-A-induced agglutinability compared to lymphocytes from healthy normal donors and from patients with carcinoma, although some of the lymphocytes from patients with carcinoma had a somewhat lower range of cap formation than the lymphocytes from healthy donors. No difference was observed in the interaction with Con A of lymphocytes from the different types of carcinoma studied. Eight lymphoid cell lines were established in our laboratory from the tumor tissues of patients with Burkitt's lymphoma. The cap-forming ability and agglutinability by Con A of these lines was examined and compared to those of the "classical" lymphoma lines: Raji, Daudi and P3HR1. All cell lines exhibited an increased Con-A-induced agglutinability and a reduced cap-forming ability compared to normal lymphocytes, except for P3HR1 cells which exhibited a cap-forming ability of 15-20%. These findings are discussed in relation to the association of the lymphocytes with malignancy and as a possible aid in the differential diagnosis between malignant lymphomas and other diseases.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1976

Lymphocyte abnormalities in untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease.

The study comprises 38 unselected and untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 23 healthy persons. Highly purified blood lymphocytes were analyzed for cells forming rosettes with sheep red blood cells (T lymphocytes), and lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulin (B lymphocytes) and/or carrying receptors for complement. Their DNA synthesis, spontaneously, or after activation with mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavallin A, poke weed mitogen) and purified protein derivative (PPD) was measured. Delayed skin hypersensitivity to PPD and mumps antigen was studied. Most HD patients had low numbers of T lymphocytes (50% of the cases below normal range) while the mean B-lymphocyte level was normal but with a greater variation than in the control group. Lymphocytes from most patients were poorly stimulated by T-cell mitogens. Two-thirds of the patients and one healthy control had negative skin reaction to 2 TU PPD and the DNA synthesis of their lymphocytes after activation with PPD was low. Large lymphoid cells (greater than 9-mm diameter) were commonly present in HD blood and the spontaneous DNA synthesis was high, particularly in lymphocytes from stage B patients. The percentage of T lymphocytes and the stimulation of lymphocytes by T-cell mitogens or by PPD, a T-lymphocyte function, did not correlate and each test only detected defects in about half the cases. Simultaneous application of all tests revealed abnormalities of blood T lymphocytes in 33 out of 38 patients. Although the defects were usually more pronounced in patients with advanced disease, the impairment of T lymphocytes and their functions is present in all stages of Hodgkin's disease.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1976

Percutaneous pyelolithotomy. A new extraction technique.

Recurrent renal calculous disease is often troublesome to treat because of technical difficulties associated with reoperation. Attempts to dissolve the stones by irrigation with various solutions has not had much success. A new extraction technique has therefore been devised whereby the stones can be removed through a percutaneous nephrostomy umder radiological control. Three cases are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Interferon therapy in Hodgkin's disease. A case report.

The treatment of a case of Hodgkin's disease (lymphocyte predominance, stage IV B) with exogenous i.m. interferon therapy is described. B symptoms disappeared, diseased nodes and pulmonary infiltrations decreased in size, and laboratory values normalized. Clinical improvement was associated with increased mitogenic responsiveness of the patient's lymphocytes towards various stimuli in vitro. After almost half a year's treatment tumour progression and a decreased mitogenic response were again observed. Interferon treatment was then abandoned and combined cytostatic courses were instituted. Partial remission was achieved after 6 months of cytostatic therapy, i.e. 1 year after the start of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Radiation therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in East Africa.

Results of irradiation, 1 to 3 years after treatment, are presented in 64 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in East Africans. Two types of anatomic point indices are presented. Both correlate well with the results. Prophylactic irradiation of the mediastinum and both axillae was not followed by any evident improvement of the results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

In vivo and in vitro selection of mitogen responsive lymphocytes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

The in vitro mitogen response of blood lymphoid cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia was observed to be low compared to lymphocytes from healthy subjects. However, highly responsive cells could be separated from the blood of such patients by a buoyant density centrifugation technique and such reactive cells were found to be enriched by treating the patients with chemotherapy or splenic irradiation.

Adult↗