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Biomedical subjects

B Johansson

Publications and source records attributed to B Johansson.

At least 667 records · Page 37Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Bleeding during transurethral prostatectomy. Is preoperative blood request necessary?

Transurethral resection of the prostate is nowadays the totally dominating operation for prostatic hyperplasia. The most common and also most discussed complication is per- and postoperative bleeding. To find out how often there is need for blood transfusion in connection with transurethral prostatectomy we analyzed all such operations performed during 1981 at the Urological clinic, Danderyd Hospital. The study showed that transfusion was given in 13% of the operations. The amount of given blood was generally small. The conclusion is that there is no need for routine request of blood preoperatively at transurethral resections of the prostate.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Epstein-Barr virus-associated antibody pattern in untreated non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Relationship to clinical variables and lymphocyte functions.

Sera from 296 unselected and untreated patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) classified according to the Rappaport and the Kiel systems were analyzed for antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The aim of the study was to determine whether antibody spectra and titers to EBV-coded antigens correlated to clinical and immunological variables and whether the titers were of any prognostic significance. Increased antibody titers to EB viral capsid antigen (VCA) and slightly raised titers to early antigens (EA) of the diffuse (D) and restricted (R) types were noted frequently. Anti-VCA antibody titers correlated to clinical stage and age of the patients but not to histological subgroups according to the Rappaport or the Kiel classification systems. However, anti-VCA titers greater than or equal to 1:2560 were seen only in diffuse lymphomas according to the Rappaport and in non-follicle cell-derived lymphomas according to the Kiel classifications. Patients with complement-receptor-positive diffuse lymphomas had higher anti-VCA titers than complement-receptor-positive nodular cases. Anti-VCA titers also correlated positively to serum IgG levels (p less than 0.01). Total number of lymphocytes separated from peripheral blood and mitogen induced (ConA, PWM) DNA synthesis were recorded before treatment in 56 of the patients. The patients exhibited a significant lymphocytopenia as well as a significantly reduced lymphocyte response to mitogens (p less than 0.001) compared to healthy controls. Elevated anti-VCA titers and anti-EA titers correlated to a good mitogen-induced lymphocyte response (p less than 0.05). Only anti-D 1:40 at diagnosis predicted a poor prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pharmacokinetics of chlorambucil in man after administration of the free drug and its prednisolone ester (prednimustine, Leo 1031).

The pharmacokinetics of chlorambucil has been investigated in a cross over study after oral administration of the free drug (10 mg) and its prednisolone ester (prednimustine, 100 mg). The bioavailability of chlorambucil was about five times lower when given as prednimustine as compared to administration of the free drug. The peak plasma concentration was about twice as high and it was obtained more rapidly when the free drug was given. No intact prednimustine could be detected in plasma.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Longitudinal studies of blood lymphocyte functions in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

The study comprises 26 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who entered complete remission. Lymphocyte subsets and spontaneous and mitogen (ConA, PWM)-induced DNA synthesis were recorded in purified blood lymphocytes harvested before treatment, in remission and in relapse. The T and B lymphocytopenia noted in untreated patients persisted in complete remission. At diagnosis the spontaneous DNA synthesis was increased and the response to mitogen was decreased as compared to controls. Both functions became normalised during complete remission in most patients under 60 yr. The lymphocyte abnormalities reappeared during relapse. A low response to mitogen (ConA) in complete remission seemed to predict early relapse in patients younger than 60 yr. It is concluded that functional abnormalities of blood lymphocytes in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma are closely related to the presence of active disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Intermittent high-dose melphalan/prednisone vs continuous low-dose melphalan treatment in multiple myeloma.

Patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma were randomly allotted to an intermittent high-dose melphalan/prednisone (MP) treatment (120 patients) or a continuous low-dose melphalan (M) regimen (99 patients). The median observation time was 59 months (range 33-84). Response to therapy was obtained in 45% of the MP group and 31% of the M group (P less than 0.05). No significant difference in response with regard to clinical stage was noted. Median survival was 36 months in the MP group and 29 months in the M group. Survival was longer in stage I and II myeloma than in the stage III cases, at least in the MP group. The median and 5-yr survival rates in stages I and II were significantly better in the MP than in the M group. Response to therapy was associated with length of survival, median survival being 62 months in responding patients and 20 months in non-responders. The MP and M groups did not differ in this respect.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

In vitro radiosensitivity of the spontaneous cytotoxicity of blood lymphocytes in patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease.

The in vitro X-ray sensitivity of the natural killer (NK) cell activity and interferon (IFN)-inducible NK activity of blood lymphocytes obtained from 12 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 12 healthy subjects was compared. It was observed that the NK activity against K562-cells decreased in a roughly linear fashion within the dose range of 4.0-16.0 Gy and there was no demonstrable difference between patients and controls. IFN treatment of the irradiated cells increased their NK activity to a higher relative extent than in unirradiated cells. On a relative basis, this increase became more pronounced as the X-ray dose was increased. The extent by which IFN could augment NK activity of lymphocytes, whether irradiated or not, did not differ between patients and controls. It is concluded that the radiosensitivity of NK activity and IFN-inducible NK activity of blood lymphocytes in HD is similar to that of healthy individuals, which is in contrast to T-cells and T-cell responses in this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Blood and lymph node T-lymphocyte subsets in non-Hodgkin lymphomas.

Blood and lymph node T-lymphocyte subpopulations have been studied in untreated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients and healthy controls. T-lymphocytes were determined by the E-rosette technique and by OKT3/LEU4 monoclonal antibodies; OKT4/LEU3 and OKT8/LEU2 monoclonal antibodies were used to identify T-cell subsets with helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic activity, respectively. OKT4+ T-cells were low in patients, while OKT8+ T-cell numbers were normal. The OKT4+/OKT8+ blood lymphocyte ratio was below the normal range in about 50% of the patients. The ratio was higher in lymph nodes than in blood of patients and controls. The results may suggest that untreated NHL patients have a reduced pool of T-cells with phenotypic markers of OKT4/LEU3. Monoclonal blood B-lymphocytes were found in 45% of the cases. The presence of such cells in blood was frequently associated with a low OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Corrosion of non-gamma 2-amalgams.

Eight different dental amalgams were studied in an in vitro corrosion test. Cylindrical test specimens were stored in weak lactic acid solutions at different pH for 1 month. The concentrations of mercury and copper in the solutions were measured and corrosion depths estimated. The results indicated that more copper was released from non-gamma 2-amalgams compared with conventional ones. The amounts of copper from these amalgams were not directly correlated to the concentration in the alloys. Mercury was released in much lower amounts than copper for all amalgams and seemed to originate from the gamma 1-phase. A low pH promoted the corrosion.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1983

Corrosion of amalgams with special regard to zinc.

Five dental amalgams were studied in an in vitro corrosion test. Cylindrical test specimens were stored in weak lactic acid solutions at different pH for 1 month. The solutions were analyzed for zinc, the specimens were inspected and examined in SEM. The results showed that zinc was dissolved rather quickly from the amalgams and the amount was highest for the conventional one. Some amalgams had a low tendency for corrosion products to adhere to the surfaces. The presence of zinc did not seem to reduce their corrosion resistance.

Corrosion↗
PubMed1983

Correlation of immunophenotype to morphology in unfavourable non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

The relationship between immunological markers and histology according to the Kiel classification was studied in 40 adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients of Rappaport unfavourable histology. The membrane-associated and cytoplasmic Ig as well as receptors for sheep erythrocytes, Fc gamma and C3d receptors were analyzed on cryostate sections and in suspension. In some cases, a more precise immunophenotype was achieved by the use of monoclonal antibodies detecting different T and B cell antigens. Eighty-eight per cent of the lymphomas had B-cell, five per cent T cell and 7 per cent non-B/non-T cell phenotypes. All CBCC and CC lymphomas expressed monotypic Ig, but only 66 per cent of the CB lymphomas. Thus, morphology alone did not consistently predict immunophenotype in large-cell lymphomas. A simultaneous expression of multiple heavy chains and cytoplasmic Ig was found in some lymphomas, suggesting an intratumoral differentiation. The nodular or irregular tissue distribution patterns for Ig and C3d receptors found in histologically diffuse follicle derived lymphomas also suggest intratumoral variations in the marker expression, probably related to differentiation. The results suggest that lymphoma immunophenotype is important in obtaining a definite diagnosis in large-cell lymphomas and that it may lead to a better understanding of the differentiation of lymphomas of low-grade malignancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

A clinico-pathological and immunological study of unfavourable non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Comparison of the Rappaport and Kiel classifications.

To evaluate the prognostic information of the Kiel classification a homogeneous material of 63 non-Hodgkin lymphomas of unfavourable Rappaport histology were re-evaluated according to the definitions of the Kiel classification. The patients were selected from a prospective lymphoma study including 775 patients. Only ambiguous histological diagnoses analysed independently by two hematopathologists were accepted. Immunological markers of the tumours studied both in suspensions and on cryostate sections were in addition analysed in 40 of the patients. Forty-one per cent (26/63) were of high grade malignancy according to the Kiel classification, 59% (36/63) were of low-grade malignancy. The DLPD group was most heterogeneous while a better concordance was found between DM and CB/CC and between DH and CB cases. However, prognostic subgroups of the two classifications were only partly equivalent. A good correlation was found between the Kiel high-grade malignant group and patients of Rappaport poorest prognosis (DU, DH). Eighty-eight per cent of the lymphomas were of B cell, 5% of T cell and 7% of non-B-non-T phenotypes. Both the Kiel and Rappaport morphologic classifications predicted survival in this selected material. Patients with B phenotypes survived longer than patients with lymphomas of non-B type. Among patients with diffuse lymphomas, those with a nodular and irregular distribution of immunoglobulin and C3d receptors tended to respond better and survived longer. No prognostic information was obtained from immunoglobulin isotypes, C3d or Fc-gamma receptors. It is concluded that the Kiel classification is equally reliable for clinical judgement as the Rappaport system and that immunological marker studies may add prognostic information.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Electrical and mechanical properties of the crustacean stretch receptor during sinusoidal length changes.

Isolated slowly adapting stretch receptors of the crayfish (Astacus fluviatilis) were exposed to sinusoidal length changes. The mechanical force, the receptor current and the receptor potential were analysed in terms of frequency response (Bode plots) and input/output functions. Within the frequency range investigated (0.3 to 80 Hz) the mechanical force was found to be only slightly dependent on the frequency of the sinusoidal stimuli, the slope of the gain function in the Bode plot being close to zero. Dynamic length-force curves exhibited a characteristic hysteresis. In potential clamp experiments, the receptor current induced by sinusoidal length changes was dependent on the clamp potential attaining maximal amplitude at a membrane potential of about -20 to -30 mV for 80 Hz mechanical stimulation. The membrane potential at which the receptor current changed sign (the reversal potential) increased with increasing frequency. In Bode plots of the receptor current the gain was represented by a straight line, having a slope of about 1.2 dB/octave. The phase shift was positive at low frequencies. Bode plots of the receptor potential gain exhibited a characteristic peak in the region of 15 Hz. Below this peak the gain increased with about 1.2 dB/oct, above the peak the gain decreased with about 4.8 dB/oct. There was a small positive phase shift at low frequencies; at high frequencies the phase shift became negative. The impedance of the cell, as calculated from the receptor potentials and the current responses at resting membrane potential, gave Bode plots comparable to a simple resistive-capacitive filter compatible with the electrical properties of the receptor cell membrane. The cut-off frequency of this low pass filter decreased with decreasing stretch amplitude. One physiological significance of this finding, is that the performance of the receptor is improved at low levels of stimulation by reducing the bandwidth of the system.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Increased mortality by septicemia, interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis among bone marrow transplant recipients receiving an increased mean dose rate of total irradiation.

Seven bone marrow transplant recipients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving a mean dose rate of 0.07 Gy/min of total body irradiation towards the pelvic midpoint and the lungs had an increased (p less than 0.01) overall death rate of 86 per cent compared with 33 per cent among 27 patients with acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with a mean dose rate of 0.04 Gy/min. Among the patients receiving the higher dose rate there was an increased mortality in causes related to radiation toxicity like early septicemia, interstitial pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis, compared with all patients receiving the lower dose rate (p less than 0.01) and also with 10 patients from this group with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (p less than 0.02).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Mitogen induced blood lymphocyte DNA synthesis as a prognostic indicator in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in clinical remission.

Monocyte depleted blood lymphocytes were analyzed in 28 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in early unmaintained complete clinical remission, in 8 long-term complete remission patients, and in 31 age-matched healthy controls, by SRBC rosetting and DNA synthesis induced by concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen and PPD antigen. The median observation time from testing was 22 months (range 10-49 months). Early complete remission patients with a normal mitogen induced lymphocyte stimulation remained free of relapses. In contrast, patients who relapsed during the observation period had lymphocytopenia (p less than 0.05), reduced lymphocyte responses to mitogen (p less than 0.001) and to PPD antigen (p less than 0.05) as compared with healthy controls. Long-term complete remission patients did not differ from healthy controls with respect to lymphocyte counts and response to mitogen stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Indications for the surgical correction in patients with transposition of the great arteries, intact interventricular septum and organic or functional obstruction of the outflow tract of the left ventricle. Analysis of 53 cases operated on by the Mustard technic].

Between January 1965 and December 1979, in our Unit 53 patients underwent Mustard's operation for TGA, intact ventricular septum and LVOTO. There were 35 males and 18 females, ranging in age from 27 days to 12 years (mean = 26 months) and in weight from 3.7 to 26 kg (mean = 9.6 Kg). Twenty-one infants had undergone previous palliative procedures. The degree of LVOTO was mild in 26 cases, moderate in 10 and severe in 17 patients. In 28 cases no distinct anatomical obstructions were identified. In the other 25 patients the obstruction occurred at various level and it was determined by several anatomical structures. Subvalvular fibromuscular narrowing, redundant mitral valve, valvular stenosis and subvalvular fibrous shelf were the commonest forms encountered. The LVOTO was managed in several different ways. In 28 patients in whom the gradient was judged to be functional, no surgical intervention at the level of the LVOT was attempted. In 8 cases, all operated on at the beginning of this experience, an anatomic obstruction was present but was considered too difficult to be resected and, therefore, was left untreated. In 9 patients the LVOT was inspected either through the pulmonary valve or from below, through a left ventriculotomy. Pulmonary valvotomy was carried out in 5 of these cases, resection of the subvalvular fibrous shelf in 3 and subvalvular fibromuscular tunnel resection in 1. In 6 patients a left ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit was used to bypass the obstruction. A fibromuscular tunnel type of obstruction was present in 5 of these cases, while in one the obstruction was mainly due to a redundant mitral valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Child↗