The fraction of proliferation cells was analysed in fine needle aspirates from a series of 448 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and 199 reactive hyperplasias using an immunoperoxidase staining with monoclonal antibody Ki-67. There was a good correlation between proliferation fraction and cytologic assignment to high and low grade lymphomas. Thus high grade lymphomas had a high median percentage of Ki-67 positive cells with a figure of 82.1 for lymphoblastic, 60.0 for immunoblastic, and 59.7 for centroblastic lymphomas. For low grade lymphomas the figures were 17.1 and 11.1 percent for centroblastic/centrocytic and CLL/immunocytoma, respectively. The fraction of proliferation cells in reactive lymphadenitis varied between 1-50% with a median of 11.5%. Analysis of Ki-67 positivity can accordingly not be used to differentiate benign from neoplastic proliferations. Within all lymphoma subgroups but lymphoblastic lymphoma, there was a marked variation in fraction of Ki-67 positive cells, which resulted in a certain overlap between high and low grade lymphomas. The results show that cells procured through fine-needle aspiration can be used to analyse the fraction of proliferating cells which contributes information about the growth rate of the individual tumours that can not be obtained through cytologic classification.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1995

HPV detection in cytological cases with condylomatous or dysplastic changes: a study with PCR and in situ hybridization on cytological material.

Cytobrush samples of 80 patients, who previously had a cytological or histopathological diagnosis of condyloma and/or dysplasia were investigated for human papillomavirus infection (HPV) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ DNA hybridization technique (ISH). The results were compared with concomitantly obtained cytological Pap-stained smears or, in some cases, histological sections. The time between the diagnosis of the original and the concomitant cytology/histopathology was less than 1 yr. Six additional patients had similar morphological diagnoses 2-4 yr before. Five more cases were included on clinical diagnosis of HPV. Compared with the original morphological diagnoses, 70% of the cases were positive by PCR and/or ISH. The concomitant morphology was not diagnostic of HPV in 44 out of 80 cases (55%), showing a relatively high percentage of cases morphologically normalized in the interval since the first specimen was taken. After detection with PCR, 30 cases (37.5%) were negative for HPV. Only one of the patients with a previous disease 2-4 yr before was HPV positive by PCR and two out of five patients with a clinical diagnosis of HPV. ISH could be performed on 67/80 cases, 43 of which were positive for HPV. There was a good agreement between the results of ISH and PCR, but there were six cases positive by ISH and negative by PCR. In these cases, few infected cells may have escaped detection by PCR. Both methods seem to be able to detect silent HPV infections and comparison with concomitant cytology/histopathology shows that morphology alone is insufficient for HPV detection in these cases.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Chromosome analysis of 97 primary breast carcinomas: identification of eight karyotypic subgroups.

Chromosome banding analysis of 97 short-term cultured primary breast carcinomas revealed clonal aberrations in 79 tumors, whereas 18 were karyotypically normal. In 34 of the 79 tumors with abnormalities, two to eight clones per case were detected; unrelated clones were present in 27 (34%) cases, whereas only related clones were found in seven. These findings indicate that a substantial proportion of breast carcinomas are of polyclonal origin. Altogether eight abnormalities were repeatedly identified both as sole chromosomal anomalies and as part of more complex karyotypes: the structural rearrangements i(1)(q10), der(1:16)(q10;p10), del(1)(q11-12), del(3)(p12-13p14-21), and del(6)(q21-22) and the numerical aberrations +7, +18, and +20. At least one of these changes was found in 41 (52%) of the karyotypically abnormal tumors. They identify a minimum number of cytogenetic subgroups in breast cancer and are likely to represent primary chromosome anomalies in this type of neoplasia. Other candidates for such a role are translocations of 3p12-13 and 4q21 with various partner chromosomes and inversions of chromosome 7, which also were seen repeatedly. Additional chromosomal aberrations that give the impression of occurring nonrandomly in breast carcinomas include structural rearrangements leading to partial monosomies for 1p, 8p, 11p, 11q, 15p, 17p, 19p, and 19q and losses of one copy of chromosomes X, 8, 9, 13, 14, 17, and 22. The latter changes were seen consistently only in complex karyotypes, however, and we therefore interpret them as being secondary anomalies acquired during clonal evolution.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1995

Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of whole-arm 7;12 translocations in hematologic malignancies.

Cytogenetic analysis of one case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), one of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), one of refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB), and one of acute mixed lineage leukemia (AMLL) with unbalanced 7;12 translocations mapped the breakpoints to the centromeres on both chromosomes. The rearrangements were interpreted as the whole-arm translocations der(7;12)(q10;q10) in the AML and ALL and der(7;12)(p10;q10) in the RAEB and AMLL. However, further analysis by metaphase and/or interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed centric fusion only in the AML and ALL. In the RAEB and AMLL, centromeric material from chromosome 7 but not from 12 was present in the derivative chromosome. Whereas the t(7;12) resulted in loss of 12p in all four cases, the corresponding chromosome 7 imbalances differed--monosomy for 7q in the RAEB and AMLL and monosomy for 7p in the AML and ALL. Six hematologic neoplasms with unbalanced whole-arm or near-centromeric 7;12 translocations and seven dic(7;12) with juxtacentromeric breakpoints have been reported previously: 2 AML, 1 RAEB in transformation, and 10 ALL. All karyotypically informative cases had loss of 12p material. All but one of the cases with combined 7p and 12p deletion were ALL, whereas all cases with 7q and 12p loss showed myeloid differentiation. No particular clinical, morphologic, or immunophenotypic features seem to characterize ALLs with t(7;12). AMLs with an unbalanced t(7;12), often together with 5q deletions, might be associated with previous genotoxic exposure and poor prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Massive cytogenetic heterogeneity in a pancreatic carcinoma: fifty-four karyotypically unrelated clones.

Chromosome analysis after short-term culture revealed remarkable cytogenetic heterogeneity in a pancreatic carcinoma. The patient had no prior history of radio- or chemotherapy. A total of 54 aberrant, near-diploid, karyotypically unrelated clones were identified, three of which displayed clonal evolution. The abnormalities were unbalanced in 30% of the clones. From one to eight karyotypic anomalies per clone were found. Numerical changes were rare, whereas structural aberrations were numerous and diverse and included deletions, duplication, insertions, inversions, translocations, ring formation, and telomeric associations. All chromosomes except No. 15 were involved in structural rearrangements, chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 11, and 12 being the most frequently affected. A similarly massive cytogenetic polyclonality has never been reported previously. Although the spectrum of epithelial neoplasms characterized by karyotypically unrelated clones is increasing, the pathogenetic role of this type of cytogenetic intratumor heterogeneity remains unknown.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Penetration of fluorescent neutrophils through cultured epithelium studied by confocal microscopy.

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Animals↗

PubMed1995

Studies on the biosorption of uranium by Talaromyces emersonii CBS 814.70 biomass.

Residual biomass, produced by the thermophilic fungus, Talaromyces emersonii CBS 814.70, following growth on glucose-containing media, was examined for its ability to take up uranium from aqueous solution. It was found that the biomass had a relatively high observed biosorption capacity for the uranium (280 mg/g dry weight biomass). The calculated maximum biosorption capacity obtained by fitting the data to a Langmuir model was calculated to be 323 mg uranium/g dry weight biomass. Pretreatment of the biomass with either dilute HCl or NaOH brought about a significant decrease in biosorptive capacity for uranium. Studies on the effects of variation in temperature on the biosorptive capacity demonstrated no significant change in binding between 20 degrees C and 60 degrees C. However, a significant decrease in biosorptive capacity was observed at 5 degrees C. Binding of uranium to the biomass at all temperatures reached equilibrium within 2 min. While the routine binding assays were performed at pH 5.0, adjustment of the pH to 3.0 gave rise to a significant decrease in biosorption capacity by the biomass. The biosorptive capacity of the biomass for uranium was increased when extraction from solution in sea-water was examined.

Adsorption↗

PubMed1995

Quality-of-life assessments in evaluation of laparoscopic Rosetti fundoplication.

UNLABELLED: It has recently been suggested that quality-of-life investigations should be included in the evaluation of new medical and surgical regimens. We present the quality-of-life evaluations for the first 40 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic antireflux surgery at our department. Two well-established and validated questionnaires, the Psychological General Well Being (PGWB) Index, and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), were used. The PGWB gives a general measure of patients' well-being while the GSRS concentrates on gastrointestinal complaints. In untreated reflux esophagitis patients, the PGWB score is very low. We found normal PBWB scores preoperatively during optimal medical treatment with potent acid inhibition. The average score became significantly better (than on medical treatment, P < 0.05) 1 month postoperatively, after which it fell off to normal values 3 and 8-12 months after operation. The GSRS scores were good in all subgroups postoperatively, especially regarding reflux syndrome, where scores were significantly (P < 0.05) better than on medical treatment. IN CONCLUSION: After laparoscopic antireflux surgery, patients had good quality-of-life scores, better than untreated patients and as good as or better than on optimal medical treatment. Different treatment regimens could be discriminated by adding the patients' view of the treatment effect. We suggest that quality-of-life effects should be included when evaluating new regimens in laparoscopic surgery.

Esophagitis, Peptic↗

PubMed1995

Thoracic herniation and intrathoracic gastric perforation after laparoscopic fundoplication.

This case report describes a serious complication after laparoscopic Rosetti fundoplication. Two days postoperatively the proximal part of the stomach herniated into the thoracic cavity where a gastric perforation caused leakage. The patient was reoperated and a new fundoplication was constructed. Postoperatively the patient recovered. Possible mechanisms are discussed.

Female↗

PubMed1995

Sequence analysis of echoviruses in a major antigenic region eliciting enteroviral cross-reactive antibodies.

The amino acid sequence of an antigenic region known to elicit cross-reactive enteroviral IgG antibodies in VP1 is known for poliovirus and cox-sackievirus A and B. However, no corresponding data has been available for prevalent echovirus serotypes with great clinical impact. Such information was obtained by amplification of this region of the echovirus genome by PCR using biotinylated primers. The amplicon was subjected to solid phase sequencing using the dideoxy chain-termination method. Translated amino acid sequences for residues 26-55 of VP1 of the echoviruses revealed that the known cross-reactive region is highly conserved also in the echovirus serotypes.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1995

Aggressive course of primary plasma cell leukemia with unusual morphological and cytogenetic features.

A case of aggressive plasma cell leukemia with unusual morphological and cytogenetic features is reported. A 65-year-old man was admitted to hospital due to anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency. Bone marrow examination and peripheral blood smear revealed a large number of pleomorphic cells with convoluted and multilobulated nuclei. Immunohistochemistry of the bone marrow biopsy was negative for anti-keratin antibodies CAM.5.2 and AE1/AE3, but positive for EMA. The immunophenotypic features of these cells were suggestive of plasma cell origin with positivity for CD38, CD56, CD9, and CD44 and a weak positivity for CD71 and CD45 (40% of the cells), while all other markers of hematopoietic origin were negative. Furthermore, a serum protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal component type IgG-kappa of 70 g/l. The cytogenetic analysis demonstrated a hypotetraploid clone with multiple numerical and structural abnormalities. Although some of the aberrations found are associated with plasma cell malignancies--e.g., structural rearrangement of chromosome 1, del(6q), and monosomy 13--the karyotypic complexity in the present case is unusual. The course of the disease was very aggressive, and the patient died 3 days after admission.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Further characterization of the binding of the adenosine receptor agonist [3H]CGS 21680 to rat brain using autoradiography.

2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenylethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadeno sine (CGS 21680) is considered a selective ligand for adenosine A2A receptors, which are known to be enriched in striatum and olfactory tubercle. We have investigated the characteristics of [3H]CGS 21680 binding in several brain regions using quantitative autoradiography. In agreement with previous data the radioligand was found to label the caudate-putamen, accumbens nucleus, olfactory tubercle and globus pallidus, but also many other structures, e.g. cerebral and cerebellar cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and some brainstem nuclei, were labelled. Cortical and striatal binding of [3H]CGS 21680 was unaltered by high concentrations of the adenosine transport inhibitor dipyridamole or the phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram but was displaced by 1,3-diethyl-8-phenylxanthine, the A2 selective adenosine antagonist CP 66,713, and the A2A selective agonist SHA 118. These three agents were approximately equipotent in striatum, cortex and hippocampus. The A2 selective agonist CV 1808 was a 4-5 times more potent displacer in cortex and hippocampus than in the striatum. [3H]CGS 21680 binding was strongly magnesium-dependent in all the studied brain regions, in contrast to the binding of adenosine A1 agonists. The binding of [3H]CGS 21680 to cerebral cortex and hippocampus, but not the binding to striatum, was displaced by the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine in nanomolar concentrations. The present study provides evidence that in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, most of the [3H]CGS 21680 binds to a receptor site that is distinct from the striatal A2A receptor and the classical adenosine A1 receptor and may represent a hitherto unrecognized binding site.

Adenosine↗