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Biomedical subjects

B James

Publications and source records attributed to B James.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

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Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1990

Detection of simulated hypnotic amnesia.

Highly hypnotizable nonsimulators and high- and low-hypnotizable simulators of hypnosis were administered a hypnotic amnesia suggestion and tested for recall and recognition of a previously learned word list. Simulators exhibited higher levels of recall and recognition amnesia than nonsimulators. Most important, simulators recognized "forgotten" words at lower levels than expected by chance significantly more often than did nonsimulators. Implications for the detection of simulated amnesia in clinical samples are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Active and passive mobility of lower limb joints in elderly men and women.

An age associated decline in joint mobility during the early and middle adult years is well documented, however, little information exists on the progress of this aspect of joint function during old age. Active and passive ranges of 10 lower limb joint motions were measured in 80 healthy, active men and women aged from 70 years, to examine the relationship between the capacity for joint movement and age, gender, and type of motion. Joint mobility declined consistently as age increased, with women generally having greater movement capability than their male peers. The predominant trend was for a more rapid reduction in mobility during the ninth decade. Passive ranges were larger than those produced actively, and the pattern of change in both measurement modes was parallel over the age range. It is hypothesized that the consistent decline in mobility indicates the importance of biological aging of articular structures as a primary cause of increasing resistance to movement, while environmental causes, such as changing activity status, are suggested by the variation in the magnitude and patterns of change over the age range.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Electromyography of stair locomotion in elderly men and women.

The electromyographic activity of five lower limb muscles during stair locomotion was examined in ten men and women aged 76-83 years. Phasic activity patterns were compared with those in previous studies of young adults to determine differences indicative of an enhanced need to provide joint stability. The temporal patterning of the stair gait cycle showed no evidence of an increase in weight bearing time to aid balance control. There was a high level of consistency between phasic activity patterns in the present and previous studies in all muscles with the exception of biceps femoris. Factors contributing to its increased level of activity in our elderly subjects are discussed. There was evidence of modifications to muscular activity to provide additional joint stability at both the knee and ankle. This was most apparent in stair descent during the transition to, and the early weight acceptance period.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Electrosurgical epilation.

This article discusses alternative methods for the removal of unwanted hair, the mechanisms of action of each, and their advantages and disadvantages. Epilating needle design is discussed and epilating technique is described. Physician-patient interaction and the role of the dermatologist in electrosurgical epilation are explored.

Electrosurgery↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of saccade evoked potentials recorded during reading and tracking tasks.

The influence of visual processing demands on saccade-triggered evoked potentials was investigated at P3, P4 and Oz recording sites during reading and tracking tasks. To maximize the physical similarities between tasks, subjects tracked a series of lights that flashed in a stereotypic reading pattern behind a page of text; eye movements recorded during reading initiated the light sequence. In the first experiment, a significant decrease observed in the latency of the major positive peak recorded from Oz during tracking was attributed to the smaller amplitude of tracking, relative to reading, saccades. To confirm this interpretation, the experiment was repeated with modification to the light display. As anticipated, equating saccade amplitudes across tasks eliminated waveform differences in the second experiment. Although peak latencies and amplitudes were not influenced reliably by visual processing demands, tracking potentials exhibited a negative DC shift relative to reading waveforms that was significant at 174 msec at the Oz site. These data suggest that the saccade-triggered evoked potential components generally are insensitive to task differences within the visual modality when visual configuration and eye movement parameters are controlled.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Liver disease in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. A retrospective analysis of the influence of early breast- vs bottle-feeding.

We identified children with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency from the medical records of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Children's Hospital, Boston, and investigated their early feeding history. Between 1969 and 1983, forty children with the deficiency were seen at one or both hospitals. Clinical information was obtained from hospital records and from questionnaires mailed to the parents. Complete morbidity, mortality, and early feeding data were obtained for 32 of the children who were born at 38 to 42 weeks' gestation and whose weights were appropriate for gestational age. We compared the presence of severe liver disease and the death rate of those who had been exclusively breast-fed for one month with those who had been bottle-fed. Severe liver disease was present in eight (40%) of bottle-fed and one (8%) of breast-fed infants. Twenty-four of the 32 infants were still alive at the termination of the study; 12 had been breast-fed and 12 bottle-fed during their first month of life. All eight deceased infants had been bottle-fed. The mortality rate in the bottle-fed group was significantly greater than that of the breast-fed group. Our study suggests that breast-feeding may offer some protection against severe liver disease and early death in infants with alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1985

Age changes in the flexibility of Down's syndrome children.

The association between Down's syndrome (DS) and joint hyperflexibility is well documented. However, objective information concerning developmental expectations for flexibility in DS children is lacking. This investigation used goniometric techniques to examine the changes in flexibility with growth and maturation in 30 DS children aged 5, 10 and 15 years and compared them with 30 normal controls. Flexibility declined consistently with age in the DS children and in the controls, and although the DS children were more flexible than their control counterparts at each age, the magnitude of change over the whole age range was parallel in both groups of children suggesting some similarity in mechanisms controlling the maturation of joint tissues. The greatest reduction in flexibility occurred in the hip and ankle joints, and in the elbow and knee hyperextension. A trend was evident for the largest reduction in measurements to occur between 5 and 10 years in the DS children compared with a consistent or later reduction in the controls. It is postulated that this may be attributable to the improvement in generalized muscular hypotonia expected during this age period, or to differences in the rate of maturation of joint structures in the early years, caused by the effects of the syndrome on the intrinsic mechanisms regulating the growth of joints.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Bipolar disorder in a low socioeconomic population. Difficulties in diagnosis.

The diagnosis of manic-depressive disorder, manic type, does not usually present a diagnostic problem when there is a clear history of the onset of symptoms. However, when the manic patient deteriorates and reaches the "end-state" of the illness, his symptoms may be similar to those of schizophrenia. This report describes three cases from a largely black, low socioeconomic population that were misdiagnosed as schizophrenic rather than as manic. Delay in seeking immediate treatment for early symptoms of mania is cited as the primary reason for these misdiagnoses. Other possible reasons are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A double-blind comparative clinical study of amoxapine and amitriptyline in depressed, hospitalised patients.

A double blind controlled trial involving 37 inpatients whose depression was judged clinically to require antidepressant medication revealed that amoxapine and amitriptyline was approximately equal in efficacy. In average daily doses of 139.7 mg and 123 mg respectively, there seemed little difference in speed of action, or in the frequency of side effects, though amoxapine had less central nervous system stimulating consequences (tremors and restlessness) than did amitriptyline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The psychiatric contribution to general medical education. Some problems of generalization.

Little difference was found in the extent to which psychosocial data were recorded in two samples of general hospital case-notes written 10 years apart, in spite of a significant increase of apparently relevant material in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Although the house physicians responsible acknowledge the importance of the data, their estimate of recording frequency was much higher than was actually the case. Impediments to such recording were identified. The apparent lack of generalization of learning is presented as an important problem relevant to psychiatrists who have a major responsibility for teaching in these areas. Suggestions are made of ways in which generalization might be facilitated.

Behavioral Sciences↗