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Biomedical subjects

B Jabbari

Publications and source records attributed to B Jabbari.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Clinical and radiological correlates of EEG in the late phase of head injury: a study of 515 Vietnam veterans.

Electroencephalograms were obtained in 515 Vietnam veterans 12-16 years after penetrating head injury, and the results were correlated with a variety of clinical and radiological parameters. Forty-two percent of EEGs were abnormal; 9% disclosed epileptiform findings (EF). EF correlated highly (P = 0.0001) with the extent of brain volume loss (defined by CT), posttraumatic epilepsy, and organic mental disorder. 'Seizure persistence' was higher and duration of posttraumatic epilepsy was longer in patients with 'prominent EF.' All patients with anterior temporal or central spike foci experienced posttraumatic seizures. Focal slowing correlated significantly with focal neurologic deficits such as hemisensory deficit or hemiparesis and Broca's aphasia as well as with seizures and residual organic mental disorder. Total or near total recovery from original hemiparesis was noted in 70% of the patients with normal EEG and 32% of the patients with focally slow tracings.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate in obstructive sleep apnea.

We studied the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate, a respiratory stimulant, on the incidence and duration of episodes of apnea and disordered breathing in 13 nonhypercapnic men with obstructive sleep apnea. Nocturnal polysomnography was done before and after four weeks of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate (60 mg/day) and one week after cessation of treatment. There were no significant (p less than 0.05) differences in the mean frequency of apneic episodes per hour of sleep before (31.3 +/- 5.7 [+/- SE]), during (26.8 +/- 6.6), or after (23.6 +/- 7.0) treatment, or in the mean number of disordered breathing episodes per hour of sleep before (19.4 +/- 5.6), during (21.4 +/- 5.8), or after (23.1 +/- 6.3) the period of treatment. Medroxyprogesterone did not alter significantly the total time of apnea or the total time for disordered breathing, expressed as percentages of total sleep time. Arterial oxygen desaturation during apnea and disordered breathing did not change with treatment. Medroxyprogesterone increased the minute ventilation and occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia measured in the awake state; however, the results of this study demonstrate that medroxyprogesterone does not improve the breathing disorders during sleep in the nonhypercapnic patient with obstructive sleep apnea.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of seizures with tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants.

One hundred eighty-six depressed psychiatric inpatients were seen at our institution during 1982. Forty-five of these patients were treated with tricyclic antidepressants, 32 received maprotiline hydrochloride, a tetracyclic compound, 20 received other medications, and 82 received no drug treatment. One patient in the tricyclic group (2.2%) and five patients in the maprotiline group (15.6%) developed seizures. In four patients the seizure followed the institution of maprotiline therapy by less than three weeks. These data indicate that depressed patients taking the tetracyclic drug maprotiline are at risk for developing epileptic seizures.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The value of visual evoked potential as a screening test in neurofibromatosis.

Pattern reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) test was performed in 30 asymptomatic patients with neurofibromatosis (NF). All patients had normal visual acuity, visual fields, and ophthalmoscopic examination results. Pattern reversal VEP was abnormal in eight patients (26%). Seven of these patients had computed tomographic scans with reformated orbital views. Orbital computed tomographic scans were abnormal in six patients and in each case showed enlargement of the optic nerve on the side of VEP abnormality. Our data indicate that pattern reversal VEP is a valuable screening test in asymptomatic patients with NF. Because of the high incidence of VEP abnormality in such patients, VEP abnormality must be interpreted cautiously when a patient with NF is suspected of having other diseases or disorders that potentially affect the visual pathways.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Epilepsy after penetrating head injury. I. Clinical correlates: a report of the Vietnam Head Injury Study.

Of 421 veterans who had penetrating brain wounds in Vietnam 15 years ago, 53% had posttraumatic epilepsy, and one-half of those still had seizures 15 years after injury. The relative risk of developing epilepsy dropped from about 580 times higher than the general age-matched population in the first year to 25 times higher after 10 years. Patients with focal neurologic signs or large lesions had increased risk of epilepsy, and site of the lesion may have been more important than size in determining occurrence. Family history of epilepsy or preinjury intelligence had no effect on seizure occurrence. Seizure frequency in the first year predicted future severity of seizures. Phenytoin therapy in the first year after injury did not prevent later seizures.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

EEG, transmission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose 18F. Their use in adults with gliomas.

We evaluated the relationship between findings from EEG, transmission computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography in 23 adults with gliomas. The cortical metabolic rate was suppressed in patients with and without focal slowing. Focal delta activity was not related to involvement of gray or white matter. Rhythmic delta activity and focal attenuation of background amplitude on EEG, however, were correlated with involvement of the thalamus.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Improvement of ataxic hemiparesis with trihexyphenidyl.

In a patient with the syndrome of crural paresis and homolateral ataxia, administration of trihexyphenidyl resulted in improvement of disabling unilateral ataxia and gross intention tremor. Symptoms returned when drug therapy was interrupted. CT showed a radiolucent lesion deep in the parietal white matter close to the internal capsule.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Early abnormalities of brainstem auditory evoked potentials in Friedreich's ataxia: evidence of primary brainstem dysfunction.

We studied five children with classic Friedreich's ataxia, using an audiologic test battery to determine the primary site of auditory dysfunction. None of the children had any hearing complaints, and all were tested soon after onset of symptoms. The audiologic test battery consisted of brainstem auditory evoked potential test, tympanometry, and acoustic reflex measurements. The results indicated that the brainstem was the primary site of auditory dysfunction.

Brain↗
PubMed1982

The site of the lesion in acute deafness of multiple sclerosis--contribution of the brain stem auditory evoked potential test.

Two patients with multiple sclerosis experienced acute unilateral deafness during an exacerbation. The brain stem auditory evoked potential test (BAEP) of both patients revealed absence of all waves after wave I, on the side of the hearing loss. These findings strongly suggest that acute hearing loss in multiple sclerosis results from involvement of the eighth nerve close to the ponto-medullary junction.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Paroxysmal, rhythmic lingual movements and chronic epilepsy.

Paroxysmal and rhythmic lingual movements were observed in three children during a study designed to investigate epileptiform movements of oropharyngeal muscles in patients with chronic epilepsy. The movements were confined to the tongue, occurred mainly during sleep, and were observed again in two children 7 and 18 months later. These movements corresponded to episodic desynchronization of the electroencephalogram and were attributed to an unusual form of subcortical seizures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Abnormal visual-evoked responses and opsoclonus.

A 73-year-old woman presented with classic opsoclonus two weeks following an acute febrile illness. Four weeks later a complete clinical recovery was evident. Six weeks after onset of the problem, or 2 weeks after resolution of the abnormal eye movements, a pattern reversal visual evoked response showed a delayed response in both eyes and had an unusually high amplitude. For the next 2 months the patient complained of occasional blurring of vision. A repeat visual evoked response test after 4 months revealed normal latency and amplitude in both eyes. The possible mechanisms for the visual evoked response abnormality are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Surgically correctable lesions solely detected by CT scan in adult-onset chronic epilepsy.

A prospective study of 162 patients with adult-onset chronic epilepsy revealed 4 in whom computed tomographic scanning was the only diagnostic test that detected the presence of a surgically correctable cerebral lesion. These patients had suffered from seizures for 1 to 14 years and at the time of operation demonstrated no clinical neurological deficits except organic mental changes.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Seizures in thyrotoxicosis.

Over a period of 2 years we have observed 3 thyrotoxic patients who presented with a convulsive encephalopathy. These patients had no history of seizures before and experienced no further seizures after subsidence of the thyroid dysfunction. During the convulsive period, electroencephalograms of 2 patients showed evidence of cerebral hyperexcitability, but in both cases it returned to normal once the thyroid disorder was corrected. We believe that thyrotoxic seizures are not rare. These seizures can be focal as well as generalized and can constitute the presenting symptoms of the disease. Absence of other laboratory abnormalities such as serum electrolytes, or osmolality changes, or hypoglycemia in all patients who reportedly suffered from thyrotoxic seizures, and the data obtained from animal studies, suggest that human thyrotoxic seizures result mainly from the direct effect of thyroid hormones over the cerebral tissue.

Adult↗