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Biomedical subjects

B J Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to B J Wilson.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Influence of dietary protein concentration and frequency of diet changes on rate of growth, efficiency of food utilisation and carcass quality of Large White turkeys.

1. In two experiments, diets in which the protein concentration was adjusted at differing intervals were fed to Large White turkeys for 22 or 24 weeks for males or 16 weeks for females. Four dietary protein concentration regimes were provided within each feeding plan. 2. The frequency of changes in dietary protein concentration had little influence on the rate of growth of turkeys receiving adequate dietary protein. However, lower dietary protein sufficed to maintain the maximum growth rate when the diets were changed less frequently. 3. The frequency of diet changes did not influence the efficiency of food or energy utilisation, but frequent dietary adjustments promoted efficiency of protein utilisation. 4. Higher dietary protein intake tended to increase carcass fleshing as assessed visually, without apparent effect on carcass finish. 5. Of two strains of turkeys studied, the more rapidly growing strain was less efficient in conversion of food and its constituent energy and protein into live body weight, but deposited carcass fat (finish) at an earlier age.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Reduced T cell reactivity in vasectomized rhesus monkeys: association with histocompatibility type.

The capacity of peripheral lymphocytes from rhesus monkeys which had been vasectomized for 7 or 11 years to stimulate and respond to normal rhesus lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) was tested to determine whether vasectomy affects immunologic reactivity. The ability to respond in MLC, a T cell function, was significantly reduced in the 11-year vasectomized animals and in two 7-year vasectomized animals. The ability to stimulate in MLC, a B cell function, was significantly increased in the 11-year vasectomized group. MLC reactivity of normal lymphocytes cultured in plasma from vasectomized animals and lymphocytes from vasectomized animals cultured in normal plasma was not altered, ruling out serum effects in the reduction of MLC responsiveness in these vasectomized animals. Seventy-five per cent of the vasectomized animals with markedly reduced MLC reactivity had the RhL-A determinates 19 and 24, indicating an association between the tendency toward reduced MLC reactivity after vasectomy and histocompatibility type.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Effects of 4-ipomeanol, a product from mold-damaged sweet potatoes, on the bovine lung.

Cattle given intraruminal administration of 4-ipomeanol, a furanoterpenoid originally obtained from sweet potatoes infected with Fusarium solani (F. javanicum), developed a respiratory syndrome clinically and histologically indistinguishable from atypical interstitial pneumonia. There were edema and emphysema in the lungs and mediastinum. The maximum nonlethal oral dose of 4-ipomeanol was estimated to be between 7.5 and 9 mg/kg of body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

In vitro studies on the metabolic activation of the pulmonary toxin, 4-ipomeanol, by rat lung and liver microsomes.

Rat lung and liver microsomes mediated the biotransformation of the pulmonary toxin, 4-ipomeanol, to an alkylating metabolite. The enzyme-mediated microsomal alkylation required NADPH and oxygen and was strongly inhibited by carbon monoxide, which indicated the participation of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase. Other studies with inhibitors including pyrazole, piperonyl butoxide, SKF-525A, and cobaltous chloride, and with the inducers phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene, also were consistent with this view. The Km for the pulmonary microsomal alkylation pathway was more than 10-fold lower than for the hepatic microsomal pathway. There was no significant enzyme-mediated covalent binding of analogs of 4-ipomeanol lacking the furan moiety, suggesting that metabolic activation of the parent compound involves oxidation of the furan ring. Reduced glutathione prevented the microsomal alkylation by 4-ipomeanol, indicating the electrophilic nature of the alkylating metabolite.

Alkylation↗
PubMed1977

Perilla ketone: a potent lung toxin from the mint plant, Perilla frutescens Britton.

Perilla ketone, from the essential oil of Perilla frutescens, is a potent pulmonary edemagenic agent for laboratory animals and livestock. This finding would account for reported effects of the plant on grazing cattle. The use of perilla in oriental foods and medicinal preparations suggests possible hazards to human health as well.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Cell-mediated immunity in vasectomized rhesus monkeys.

Cell-mediated immunity in rhesus monkeys that had been vasectomized for 2, 4, 7, or 11 years was measured by lymphocyte blastogenesis following stimulation with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogens. Several of the 7- and 11-year vasectomized animals had significantly reduced PHA reactivity when compared with control animals, and the percentage of animals with reduced PHA reactivity increased with time after vasectomy.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1977

Induction of hapten-specific cell-mediated immunity in rhesus monkeys treated with adsorbent purified antilymphocyte antibody.

Rhesus monkeys were treated with sufficient amounts of rabbit antilymphocyte sera and immunoadsorbent purified antilymphocyte antibody to retain full-thickness skin grafts 23 and 29 days respectively. During this immunosuppressed period hapten-specific cell-mediated immunity was induced in six of seven rhesus monkeys immunized with p-azophenylarsono-N-acetyltyrosine (R-tyr) in complete Freund's adjuvant. These observations suggest that in rhesus monkeys different populations of T cells may be responsible for cutaneous sensitization to antigen and rejection of skin grafts.

Animals↗