Biomedical subjects

B J Stone

Publications and source records attributed to B J Stone.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. IV. No association with nutritional factors, alcohol, smoking or hair dyes.

In a population-based case-control study from East Denmark including 474 cases with cutaneous malignant melanoma and 926 controls we evaluated the influence of diet, alcohol, smoking, bathing habits and hair dyes on the risk of this cancer. Patients with lentigo maligna melanoma were not included. We observed no effect of dietary factors on risk of melanoma. No association was found between risk of melanoma and alcohol intake, tobacco smoking, bathing habits or hair dye use.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. II. Importance of UV-light exposure.

A population-based case-control study of 474 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma and 926 population controls, conducted in East Denmark over a 3-year period, included an evaluation of the relationship of UV-light exposure to cutaneous melanoma risk. Patients with lentigo maligna melanoma were not included. Significantly increased risk was associated with severe sunburn before age 15 (RR = 2.7 for 5 + vs. never), sunbathing (RR = 1.6), boating (RR = 1.4) and vacations spent in the sun (RR = 1.4 for very sunny vs. never). A significant decrease in risk was associated with occupational exposure during the summer in males (RR = 0.7), and no association with cutaneous microtopography was seen. These findings were independent of the effects of constitutional risk factors (naevi, freckles and light hair colour). No association was found between the risk of cutaneous melanoma and exposure to artificial UV-light (fluorescent light, sun lamps, or sun beds). No significant difference was found between superficial spreading melanoma and nodular melanoma with regard to any of the sun exposure variables. Our data indicate that exposure to intermittent intense sunlight is an important risk factor for cutaneous malignant melanoma, while long-term continuous exposure does not appear to be risk factor.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. I. Importance of host factors.

The relationship between cutaneous malignant melanoma and possible host factors was investigated in a population-based case-control study from East Denmark over a 3-year period. A total of 474 melanoma patients and 926 population controls aged 20-79 years were interviewed. Patients with lentigo maligna melanoma were not included. The major constitutional risk factors were: number of raised naevi on the arms (RR = 5.1 for 5+ vs. none), degree of freckling (RR = 2.9 for many vs. none), and light hair colour (RR = 1.7 for blond/fair vs. dark brown/black), which were independent of one another. An apparent synergy between number of raised naevi on the arms and degree of freckling was found. Thus, persons at high risk of melanoma may be identified by a simple assessment of naevi and degree of freckling. No significant difference was found between superficial spreading melanoma and nodular melanoma with regard to the most important host factors.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Leukemias and occupation in Sweden: a registry-based analysis.

A linked-registry was used to examine systematically, on a national basis, the leukemia incidence in Swedish men by industry and occupation. New associations were observed for chronic lymphocytic leukemia among cloth and pattern cutters and for chronic myelocytic leukemia among brewery workers and motor mechanics. A number of additional findings were consistent with previous observations in other countries. Although etiologic inferences are limited when using linked-registry data, this hypothesis-generating study may provide new clues to the occupational determinants of specific forms of leukemia.

Humans↗

PubMed1988

Geographic pattern of lung cancer in Japan and its environmental correlations.

Standardized lung cancer mortality ratios, 1969-1978, for basic administrative units of Japan were related to various environmental characteristics by multiple regression analysis. Elevated lung cancer mortality was demonstrated in the areas along the sea coast, particularly those with fishing ports, low socioeconomic status, and high level of air pollution. High mortality was also observed in coal mining areas and areas with shipyards. Data on tobacco expenditures provided partial adjustment for the effects of cigarette smoking on these correlations.

Female↗

PubMed1988

An examination of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) subtests from a neuropsychological perspective.

Individual subtest scores of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) were regressed on measures of the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB) for 408 psychiatric and neurologic patients. The results suggested that language skills (Aphasia Screening Test), auditory attention (Seashore Rhythm Test), psychomotor speed and general cognitive functioning (Category Test) were underlying the performance in the majority of WAIS subtests. A canonical correlation was performed to consider the degree of commonality between the WAIS and the HRNB. One significant canonical correlation between the linear components of the WAIS and HRNB tests emerged. Canonical variates showed that Block Design, Digit Symbol, and Similarities subtests of the WAIS overlapped with the Aphasia Screening Test and the Category Test of the HRNB. It was concluded that, while shared variance does exist between the WAIS and the HRNB, each offers nonredundant information regarding neuropsychological functioning.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Occupational risks for bladder cancer among men in Sweden.

With the use of the Swedish Cancer-Environment Registry, census data on employment in 1960 were linked with registry data on bladder cancer during 1961-79. This hypothesis-generating study revealed for the first time associations between bladder cancer and employment in pulp and fiberboard manufacturing, in rope and twine making, and work as a dental technician. Statistically significant increases in risk were also found for several occupations previously associated with bladder cancer, including barbers and beauticians, artistic painters, toolmakers and machinists, and physicians, and employment in butcher shops, industrial chemical making, apparel manufacturing, and plumbing. Etiologic inferences cannot be made from this investigation, but the findings from this large national resource provide further clues to the occupational determinants of bladder cancer.

Humans↗

PubMed1987

Bone sarcomas linked to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in children.

We estimated the risk of subsequent bone cancer among 9170 patients who had survived two or more years after the diagnosis of a cancer in childhood. As compared with the general population, the patients had a relative risk of 133 (95 percent confidence interval, 98 to 176) and a mean (+/- SE) 20-year cumulative risk of 2.8 +/- 0.7 percent. Detailed data on treatment were obtained on 64 patients in whom bone cancer developed after childhood cancer. As compared with 209 matched controls who had survived cancer in childhood but who did not have bone cancer later, patients who had had radiation therapy had a 2.7-fold risk (95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 7.7) and a sharp dose-response gradient reaching a 40-fold risk after doses to the bone of more than 6000 rad. The relative dose-response effect among patients who had been treated for retinoblastoma resembled that among patients with all other types of initial tumors, although the cumulative risk of bone cancer in the retinoblastoma group was higher. Similar numbers of patients were treated with orthovoltage and megavoltage; the patterns of risk among categories of doses did not differ according to the type of voltage. After adjustment for radiation therapy, treatment with alkylating agents was also linked to bone cancer (relative risk, 4.7; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 22.3), with the risk increasing as cumulative drug exposure rose. We conclude that both radiotherapy and chemotherapy with alkylating agents for childhood cancer increase the subsequent risk of bone cancer.

Alkylating Agents↗

PubMed1987

Registry-based analysis of occupational risks for primary liver cancer in Sweden.

A systematic evaluation was made of the occurrence of microscopically confirmed primary liver cancer (International Classification of Disease, 7th Rev., 155.0) among men by industrial and occupational classification using the Cancer-Environment Registry, which links cancer incidence (1961-1979) and census data (1960) on industry and occupation for all employed persons in Sweden. A number of blue collar jobs were found to be significantly associated with primary liver cancer, including men employed in breweries, slaughterhouses, grain mills, shoe fabrication, basic industrial chemicals, plumbing and pipefitting, and insulation work. Although brewery workers and several white collar and service employment categories had significantly increased risks, the influence of alcohol intake was suggested by a parallel mortality analysis showing that most categories had excesses of liver cirrhosis and alcoholism. While often consistent with previous studies, the findings of this registry-based survey should be considered primarily as hypothesis generating in nature.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1987

Occupational risks for renal cancer in Sweden.

A systematic assessment was made of the occurrence of renal cancer among men by industrial and occupational classification using the Cancer-Environment Registry, which links cancer incidence (1961-79) and census data (1960) with industry and occupation for all employed individuals in Sweden. Data were analysed separately for cancers of the renal parenchyma and pelvis. Significantly increased risks for renal cell cancer were observed for several professional and white collar occupations, including physicians and others in the health care industry. By contrast, the risks for renal pelvis cancer tended to be higher among blue collar workers, especially in the machine industry. Deficits of both cancers occurred among farmers. The findings of the survey are considered as aetiological clues that may deserve further study, although some associations support observations in other countries.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1987

Occupational risks for intracranial gliomas in Sweden.

With the use of the Cancer-Environment Registry, which links cancer incidence for the years 1961-79 with 1960 census information on occupation for all employed individuals in Sweden, a systematic population-based assessment according to employment classifications was made of the occurrence of intracranial gliomas. Statistically significant (P less than .05) increases in the incidence of intracranial gliomas were observed among several professional and white-collar occupations, possibly due in part to higher levels of diagnosis and reporting of this particular neoplasm. Significantly elevated rates were noted among male dentists, agricultural research workers, and public prosecutors and among female physicians and employees in the health care industry. For blue-collar workers, significant excesses were found among welders and metal cutters; glass, porcelain, or ceramic workers; cellulose plant employees; brick and tile workers; and women employed in the wool industry. Several findings of this survey may represent new clues to the etiology of intracranial gliomas, while other findings support observations reported in previous studies.

Brain Neoplasms↗

PubMed1987

Leukemia after therapy with alkylating agents for childhood cancer.

The risk of leukemia was evaluated in 9,170 2-or-more-year survivors of childhood cancer in the 13 institutions of the Late Effects Study Group. Secondary leukemia occurred in 22 nonreferred individuals compared to 1.52 expected, based on general population rates [relative risk (RR) = 14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 9-22]. The influence of therapy for the first cancer on subsequent leukemia risk was determined by a case-control study conducted on 25 cases and 90 matched controls. Treatment with alkylating agents was associated with a significantly elevated risk of leukemia (RR = 4.8; 95% CI, 1.2-18.9). A strong dose-response relationship was also observed between leukemia risk and total dose of alkylating agents, estimated by an alkylator score. The RR of leukemia reached 23 in the highest dose category. Radiation therapy, however, did not increase risk. Although doxorubicin was also identified as a possible risk factor, the excess risk of leukemia following treatment for childhood cancer appears almost entirely due to alkylating agents.

Alkylating Agents↗

PubMed1987

Occupational risks for meningiomas of the CNS in Sweden.

Using the Cancer-Environment Registry of Sweden, which links cancer incidence (1961 to 1979) with census information (1960) for all employed individuals in Sweden, a systematic, population-based assessment was made of the occurrence of meningiomas of the CNS according to industrial and occupational classifications. Statistically significant standardized incidence ratios (SIR) between 5 and 6 for meningioma were observed among glass, porcelain, or ceramic workers of both sexes. SIRs of similar magnitude were also found for men employed in the headwear fabrication and book publishing industries. Significantly elevated two- to three-fold risks were observed for men employed in health care, railroad and trolley construction, sheet and plate metal fabrication, and as moving equipment operators. Some of the findings of this descriptive survey may have arisen as a result of multiple comparisons, but several are consistent with earlier observations for brain cancer from other countries and deserve further study.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗

PubMed1986

Nasal cancer and occupation in Sweden, 1961-1979.

Using national population-based registries which link cancer incidence (1961-1979) with 1960 census data on industry and occupation for all employed individuals in Sweden, a systematic assessment was made of nasal cancer (ICD 7th Rev. 160) with special reference to occurrence in manufacturing industries and craftsman-tradesman occupations. Data are presented for three histologic categories: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and other histologic types. The highest risks (18-fold) were observed for adenocarcinoma among men employed in furniture making. Elevated risks were also observed for textile workers of both sexes. The findings are generally consistent with previous reports from other countries and help clarify the role of occupation in the origins of nasal cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1986

Biliary tract cancer and occupation in Sweden.

Using the Cancer-Environment Registry, which links the incidence of cancer (1961-79) and the 1960 census data on industry and occupation for all employed individuals in Sweden, the occurrence of biliary tract cancer (ICD 7th rev 155.1-.9) was systematically assessed according to occupational and industrial classifications. Data are presented separately for cancer of the gall bladder (ICD 155.1) and other cancers of the biliary tract (ICD 155.2-.9) including cancers of the extrahepatic bile ducts, ampulla of Vater, and unspecified bile passages. Statistically significant increased risks for cancer of the gall bladder were observed for men employed in petroleum refining, papermills, chemical processing, shoemaking, and repairing, and for both men and women employed in textile work. A significant increase in the incidence of other cancers of the biliary tract (mostly cancers of the bile duct) was found for such asbestos related employment as shipbuilding and in the wholesale construction materials industry and among insulation workers. These findings should be considered only as clues to aetiological factors, although several are consistent with earlier observations from other countries.

Biliary Tract Neoplasms↗

PubMed1985

Occupational risks for pleural mesothelioma in Sweden, 1961-79.

From national population-based registries linking cancer incidence from 1961 to 1979 with 1960 census data on industry and occupation for all employed individuals in Sweden, a systematic assessment was made of pleural mesothelioma occurrence according to occupational and industrial classifications. There were 318 cases of pleural mesothelioma recorded during the 19-year follow-up period among males employed in 1960, with significant variation by industrial and occupational categorizations. The observed number of pleural mesotheliomas for men employed in the sugar refining, cellulose, wood and pulp, shipbuilding, and railroad equipment manufacturing industries was more than three times the number expected. Occupations with at least twofold excess of mesotheliomas included the craftsman categories of plumbers, mechanics and repairmen, electricians, painters, tire makers, and stationary equipment operators. Our findings are consistent with available data relating mesothelioma to occupational asbestos exposure in other countries, although unexpected associations were found that deserve further epidemiologic study.

Female↗

PubMed1985

Mortality from multiple myeloma among North Carolina furniture workers.

The risk of multiple myeloma among furniture workers was investigated in a case-control study with the use of death certificate statements on occupation in North Carolina counties with heavy employment in furniture-manufacturing industries. From computerized mortality listings, 301 male deaths from multiple myeloma were identified, and 858 controls were selected from deaths due to other causes; controls were matched by sex, race, county of usual residence, age at death, and year of death. Employment in the furniture industry was associated with a nonsignificant excess risk of multiple myeloma [relative risk (RR) = 1.3], particularly among subjects who died before age 65 (RR = 1.7) and among those born before 1905 (RR = 1.5). A significantly elevated risk (RR = 5.4) was seen for furniture workers who were born before 1905 and died prior to age 65. Unexpectedly, farmers were found to have a significantly decreased risk of multiple myeloma (RR = 0.6). The finding of an elevated risk of myeloma in earlier cohorts of furniture workers may be a clue to the nature of the environmental exposure.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Lung cancer among long-term steel workers.

A case-control study in an industrialized area of eastern Pennsylvania involving interviews with the next of kin of 335 men who died of lung cancer and of 332 controls who died of other causes revealed a significantly increased risk associated with employment in the steel industry, the area's major employer. The excess was primarily among long-term employees, particularly those who began work before 1935. Adjusted for cigarette smoking, the odds ratio associated with career employment was 1.8 (p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval, 1.2, 2.8). The increase was higher among steel workers who worked in foundry operations, but was seen for broad categories of jobs within the industry. No significant associations were found for other industries, although a 60% increase (p = 0.27, 95% confidence interval, 0.7, 3.7) was noted for zinc smelter workers employed at least 15 years. The findings help clarify the role of occupation as a risk factor for lung cancer in the area, and suggest that exposures in the steel industry contribute to an extent greater than previously recognized.

Adult↗