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Biomedical subjects

B J Pollard

Publications and source records attributed to B J Pollard.

89 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The effects of calcium-blocking agents on sympathetic responses to acute haemorrhagic shock in dogs.

The effects of three calcium channel-blocking agents, verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem, given intravenously, have been studied on the cardiovascular and sympathetic responses to acute haemorrhagic shock in anaesthetized dogs. Following acute haemorrhage, cardiac output, mean pulmonary artery pressure, mean right atrial pressure, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure all fell, and adrenaline, noradrenaline and plasma renin activity rose. In the presence of each calcium antagonist the fall in cardiac output, mean pulmonary artery pressure, central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was similar, and the rise in catecholamine levels unaffected. The rise in plasma renin activity following diltiazem 0.02 mg kg-1 or 0.1 mg kg-1 or nifedipine 0.01 mg kg-1 was similar to values in a control group, whereas in those receiving verapamil 0.15 mg kg-1 or 0.6 mg kg-1, or nifedipine 0.05 mg kg-1, the rise was greater.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Use of a pharyngeal guide to aid intubation with the fibreoptic laryngoscope.

The fibreoptic laryngoscope is a difficult instrument to master in anaesthetised patients, and reasons for this are discussed. The use of a pharyngeal guide was shown to provide an acceptable success rate in patients without anatomical deformity. These guides may also be beneficial to those with such deformities.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Interactions between tubocurarine, pancuronium and alcuronium demonstrated in the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation.

The interactions between tubocurarine, pancuronium and alcuronium on neuromuscular transmission have been studied in an isolated neuromuscular preparation (the rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm). Mixtures of tubocurarine and pancuronium, and tubocurarine and alcuronium were found to have a more potent effect than the additive effects of the individual agents when given alone, that is, mixtures were synergistic. Mixtures of alcuronium and pancuronium did not exhibit this phenomenon. Possible mechanisms for these findings are discussed.

Alcuronium↗
PubMed1982

Paralysis of the right hemidiaphragm.

A case is described of a baby born with a combination of a paralysed hemidiaphragm and congenital hypothyroidism which led to the need for artificial ventilation. Difficulties were encountered in discontinuing the ventilatory support. The problems involved in timing extubation of infants are discussed together with consideration of the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal hypothyroidism.

Congenital Hypothyroidism↗
PubMed1980

Accidental intubation of the oesophagus.

It is widely accepted and taught that the accidental placement of a tracheal tube in the oesophagus can be readily detected if it is looked for, though it is recognised that death from this cause occurs from time to time. Evidence is now presented of instances where anaesthetists have been misled by a range of tests which are commonly used to check the correct placement of a tracheal tube. An explanation is offered for this unexpected finding, and some recommendations are formulated to improve patient safety.

Esophagus↗
PubMed1980

Unexplained hepatitis following halothane: case report.

A 50-year-old woman suffered severe jaundice following a second anaesthetic, two weeks after an anesthetic which had been followed by fever and malaise. An initial diagnosis of "probable halothane hepatitis" was made. This diagnosis is discussed, together with some implications.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1976

Prolonged nasogastric tube feeding in critically ill and surgical patients.

Fifteen patients with varying diagnoses were fed via nasogastric tubes for between 7 and 41 days using a feed consisting of Caloreen (a glucose polymer) and Albumaid (a beef serum hydrolysate) with vitamin and mineral supplements. The feed proved nutritionally adequate and relatively free of complications. Diarrhoea was seen only in those patients receiving antibiotics by the nasogastric route. Codeine phosphate abolished this symptom in all patients. The constant drip method of administration proved efficient and time saving. Unlike prepacked preparations, the feed could be varied in composition to suit the clinical situation. This was of particular advantage in the intensive care context. The feed was relatively inexpensive.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Autonomy and paternalism in medicine.

The role of ethics in medical practice is now receiving close scrutiny, so it is timely that ethical concepts, such as autonomy and paternalism, be re-examined in their applied contexts. As neither autonomy nor paternalism has a current universally accepted meaning, their significance varies in both ethical and clinical discussion. Of the two, autonomy has moved further from its original moral context, to the extent that it often now signifies no more than a person's expressed intention. Paternalism, characterised as the antithesis of autonomy, is widely thought not to have any role in medicine. The transforming effects of illness, which may radically alter a person's decision making capacity, are commonly ignored.

Beneficence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rocuronium and cisatracurium.

Rocuronium and cisatracurium are the two most recent muscle relaxant additions to our pharmacopocia. These two drugs are significant advances and are likely to have an increasingly important role in clinical anaesthesia in the future.

Androstanols↗