Effects of free association training, retraining, and information on creativity.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
B J Miller
Publications and source records attributed to B J Miller.
The vascular supply to metastatic tumors of the lung.
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Humans↗
Necrotizing pancreatitis: operating for life.
Infected necrotizing pancreatitis is the most fulminant variety of this disease. Colonic involvement and retroperitoneal fasciitis are particularly lethal. The reported mortality is up to 50%. The purpose of this study is to review our combined experience at the Princess Alexandra Hospital and the Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, to determine whether patient survival was related to a particular etiology, treatment, or complication. All patients treated since 1986 with infected pancreatitis who required surgical necrosectomy and then ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU) were studied. There were 48 patients so managed. The median age of survivors was 52 years, and for those who died it was 64 years (p = 0.001). The etiology was gallstones in 22 and alcoholism in 12. Of the alcoholics, 11 survived and 1 died. Of the patients with gallstones, 13 survived and 9 died. There was an overall mortality of 31%. Survivors were in hospital for a median of 73 days, whereas deaths occurred after a median of 35 days (p = 0.04). Seven patients underwent hemofiltration; five survived, and two died. N-Acetylcysteine has been used in four patients, of whom three survived and one died. The abdomen was left open in 38 patients and kept closed in 10. Although Ranson's criteria at admission to the ICU did not predict survival, it was found that the median APACHE II score in survivors was significantly lower than in those who died (p = 0.025).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Canine models of ocular disease: outcross breedings define a dominant disorder present in the English mastiff and bull mastiff dog breeds.
Progressive retinal atrophies (PRA) are a heterogeneous group of inherited eye diseases common to both dogs and man. Over 100 individual canine breeds display some sort of retinal degeneration, making the dog an extremely valuable resource both for finding the genetic determinants of inherited blindness and for developing naturally occurring animal models that mimic human disease. Progressive retinal atrophies within the English mastiff displayed an ambiguous mode of inheritance. By conducting outcross matings between affected English mastiffs and normal animals from other breeds, the mode of inheritance was confirmed as dominant. This directed candidate gene analysis and led to identification of two synonymous mutations and one nonsynonymous mutation within the canine rhodopsin gene. The nonsynonymous mutation (T4R) is the cause of PRA in the English mastiff, and a test was developed to investigate its presence in 17 additional breeds. Testing of PRA-affected animals from 16 breeds revealed that none carry the T4R mutation, indicating a different cause of PRA. Analysis of two affected bull mastiffs revealed one heterozygote (+/T4R) and one homozygous normal individual (+/+). These findings suggest that the genetic origin of PRA is often breed specific and underline the value of outcross mating to circumvent problems that act to mask the mode of inheritance.
Animals↗
Focus on quality of physician/hospital relationships. AGPA (American Group Practice Association) survey results. Part II.
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Attitude of Health Personnel↗
The effectiveness of computer-managed instruction versus traditional classroom lecture on achievement outcomes.
This controlled experimental study examines the effect of two teaching methods on achievement outcomes from a 15-week, 2 credit hour semester course taught at two midwestern universities. Students were randomly assigned to either computer-managed instruction in which faculty function as tutors or the traditional classroom course of study. In addition, the effects of age, grade point average, attitudes toward computers, and satisfaction with the course on teaching method were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Younger students achieved better scores than did older students. Regardless of teaching method, however, neither method appeared to be better than the other for teaching course content. Students did not prefer one method over the other as indicated by their satisfaction scores. With demands upon university faculty to conduct research and publish, alternative methods of teaching that free faculty from the classroom should be considered. This study suggests that educators can select such an alternative teaching method to traditional classroom teaching without sacrificing quality education for certain courses.
Adult↗
Gas chromatographic-thermal energy analysis method for N-nitrosodibutylamine in latex infant pacifiers: collaborative study.
Each of 5 collaborating laboratories determined volatile N-nitrosamines in 3 blind quadruplicate sets of latex rubber infant pacifier samples, using a gas chromatographic-thermal energy analysis (GC-TEA) method. Volatile N-nitrosamines are extracted from cut-up pacifier nipples with CH2Cl2. The extract is concentrated and subjected to high temperature purge and trap, and the nitrosamines are eluted from the trap and determined by GC-TEA. N-Nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) was the only nitrosamine found in sufficient concentration to allow analysis. NDBA concentrations of the 3 sets of samples were 82.6, 21.0, and 7.12 ng/g rubber. The repeatability relative standard deviations ranged from 7.46 to 24.0% and the reproducibility relative standard deviations from 7.46 to 29.2%. The minimum detectable level of NDBA by this method is 3.6 ng/g rubber. The method has been adopted official first action.
Chromatography, Gas↗
A case of rheumatoid hyperviscosity syndrome with characterization of the serum immune complexes.
The clinical and immunologic data in a case of rheumatoid arthritis complicated by serum hyperviscosity are reported. The elevation in the serum viscosity was accompanied by the presence of intermediate immune complexes which were partially purified from the patient's serum by gel filtration chromatography. These complexes had a molecular weight of approximately 510,000 daltons and contained polyclonal IgG and IgA immunoglobulins. The hyperviscosity syndrome in this patient was likely due to the presence of intermediate complexes and unrelated to the rheumatoid factor activity which was found predominantly within the IgM fraction of the serum. This case demonstrates that the hyperviscosity syndrome may, in rare cases, develop as a complication of rheumatoid arthritis. It is important to consider this possibility before the clinical symptoms of increased serum viscosity become manifest.
Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
Volatile N-nitrosamines in infant pacifiers sold in the United States as determined by gas chromatography/thermal energy analysis.
Volatile N-nitrosamines in infant latex rubber pacifiers were determined using a modification of a previously described dichloromethane extraction procedure, followed by gas chromatography/thermal energy analysis. Under an interagency agreement between the National Center for Toxicological Research and the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), data were obtained on the baseline and compliance concentrations of volatile N-nitrosamines in infant pacifiers sold in the United States. Pacifiers made by 18 different manufacturers before and after the January 1, 1984 action level of 60 ppb was set by the CPSC were analyzed for volatile N-nitrosamines. N-Nitrosodibutylamine was the principal N-nitrosamine found, along with trace amounts of N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosodiethylamine, and N-nitrosopiperidine. Mean total volatile N-nitrosamine levels for baseline and compliance samples were 63.9 and 21.2 ppb, respectively. The pacifier lots sampled after January 1, 1984 showed a significant decrease in contamination levels, indicating that at least 98% of the market share is in compliance with the CPSC enforcement policy for N-nitrosamines in infant pacifiers sold in the United States.
Chromatography, Gas↗
High temperature purge and trap procedure for determining seven volatile N-nitrosamines in animal feed, using gas chromatography/thermal energy analyzer.
A rapid and sensitive procedure is described for determining 4 N-nitrosodialkylamines (dimethyl, diethyl, dipropyl, and dibutyl) and the N-nitroso analogs of piperidine, pyrrolidine, and morpholine in animal feed. The volatile N-nitrosamines were isolated by using a modified high temperature purge and trap apparatus designed for multiple sample cleanup. The feed sample was mixed with mineral oil and a nitrosation inhibitor, and the N-nitrosamines were purged onto a ThermoSorb/N cartridge, eluted with acetone-dichloromethane (1 + 1), and determined by gas chromatography, using a thermal energy analyzer. The effects of purge rate, purge time, and temperature on recovery are discussed. Feed samples spiked with 10, 50, and 200 ppb of the 7 N-nitroso compounds yielded recoveries ranging from 70 to 97%, with precision ranging from 1.3 to 5.4% and minimum detectable levels in the low parts-per-billion range.
Animal Feed↗