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Biomedical subjects

B J Kelly

Publications and source records attributed to B J Kelly.

34 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Factors affecting the reporting of symptoms by hypertensive patients.

Patients diagnosed as hypertensive have a high complaint rate, both on and off treatment and this has been postulated to be due to either their disease process, their being labelled as hypertensive, or to their treatment. Data from 6637 hypertensive patients being entered into clinical trials in general practice have been analysed to determine the relationship between the patient's age, sex, concurrent illnesses, concurrent medication, whether they were on antihypertensive treatment and the frequency of their reporting symptoms. The analysis was conducted using a multivariate technique. The frequency of reporting symptoms was greater in females than males. Those receiving antihypertensive therapy reported more symptoms than those who were not. This was notable with those receiving a beta-adrenoceptor blocker (47% of such patients complaining). Patients receiving concurrent medication were more likely to report a symptom than those not (48 compared to 37%). This was particularly noticeable if central nervous system-acting drugs were prescribed where the prevalence of symptoms was 52%. Patients already on antihypertensive treatment were more likely to be taking other medication for other conditions (37 vs 31%) than those not receiving antihypertensive treatment. Females were more likely to be taking other tablets than males (38 compared to 30%). The only symptoms which were less prevalent in those receiving treatment were headache, dizziness and breathlessness. All other symptoms were increased or unchanged in patients on antihypertensive therapy. This study indicates that present treatment for hypertension produces a high complaint rate from patients and that, when patients so complain, the possibility of their symptoms being due to their concurrent medication should be considered.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed1981

Piezoelectric ceramic implants: in vivo results.

The suitability of barium titanate (BaTiO3) ceramic for direct substitution of hard tissues was evaluated using both electrically stimulated (piezoelectric) and inactive (nonpolarized) test implants. Textured cylindrical specimens, half of them made piezoelectric by polarization in a high electric field, were implanted into the cortex of the midshaft region of the femora of dogs for various periods of time. Interfacial healing and bio-compatibility of the implant material were studied using mechanical, microradiographical, and histological techniques. Our results indicate that barium titanate ceramic shows a very high degree of biocompatibility as evidenced by the absence of inflammatory or foreign body reactions at the implant-tissue interface. Furthermore, the material and its surface porosity allowed a high degree of bone ingrowth as evidenced by microradiography and a high degree of interfacial tensile strength. No difference was found between the piezoelectric and the electrically neutral implant-tissue interfaces. Possible reasons for this are discussed. The excellent mechanical properties of barium titanate, its superior biocompatibility, and the ability of bone to form a strong mechanical interfacial bond with it, makes this material a new candidate for further tests for hard tissue replacement.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Piezoelectric ceramic implants: a feasibility study.

A piezoelectric ceramic has been investigated as a direct substitute for hard tissues. Barium titanate (BaTiOz) power was slipcast and fired at 1430 degrees C for 2 hr, then made piezoelectric by polarizing. After 16 and 86 days of implantation in the cortex of the femoral midshafts, the femora with test specimens were sectioned into about 4-cm lengths. Their voltage outputs were measured under cyclic load at 1 Hz. The present results show that the voltage gradient at the implant surface is 0.15 mV/mm for the 16-day implantation with a 445-N (100-lbs.) load. This in turn can give rise to about 0.01 microA current flow in the adjacent area of the 16-day implant. The 86-day implant showed an order of magnitude higher voltage output compared to the 16-day implant with the same magnitude of loads. This is probably due to the "load-transfer" efficiency through the implants, since the voltage output is directly proportional to the actual load transferred to the implant. The more bone implant interface matures, the better the load transfer occurs through the implant, resulting in higher voltage output.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cisplatin-based therapy: a neurological and neuropsychological review.

The present paper reviews research in the area of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloro-platinum II) and examines the implications for clinical neuropsychology arising from the neurological disruption associated with cisplatin-based therapy. The paper begins with a brief review of cisplatin treatment in terms other than survival alone, and examines the side-effects and the potential central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction in terms of neurological symptoms and concomitant implications for neuropsychology. Two main implications for clinical neuropsychology arising from cisplatin therapy are identified. First, cisplatin therapy impacts upon the psychological well-being of the patient, particularly during and in the months following treatment. It is suggested that during this time, a primary role for neuropsychology is to focus upon the monitoring and the active enhancement of the patient's social, psychological and spiritual resources. Second, with regard to neurocognitive changes, the review suggests that (1) neurocognitive assessment may not yield stable results within 8 months following treatment and (2) while perceptual, memory, attentional and executive dysfunction may be predicted following cisplatin treatment, little systematic research has been carried out to investigate such a possibility. Future research might profitably address this issue and also specifically examine the effects of low dosage cisplatin-based therapy and the effects of recently developed neuroprotective agents. Finally, there is some evidence to suggest that women may be more susceptible to neurotoxicity during cisplatin therapy, but no gender-related cognitive effects are reported in the cisplatin literature. Future research could usefully investigate gender differences in association with cisplatin chemotherapy.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of tampon wraps on production of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1.

The influence of tampon wraps on the production and distribution of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) was investigated with use of a disk-membrane-agar method. Filter membranes (45 micron) overlaying agar medium in 50-mm petri dishes were spread-inoculated with a TSST-1-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus and covered with 0.5 mL of whole citrated rabbit blood. Disks of tampon core materials with and without wraps were placed on the inoculated membranes and incubated at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2 in air. Eight wraps with each of 14 tampon core materials were tested to determine the amount of toxin in the agar layer, a quantity considered an indicator of the relative amounts of toxin available for absorption in vivo. The average level of toxin in the agar layer with any particular wrap compared with that in the agar layer with no wrap was higher with five wraps, lower with two wraps, and essentially the same with one wrap. The lower levels of toxin were obtained with one wrap that had a starch binder and with one that contained the surfactant Standamul 1414-E. Standamul 1414-E has been reported to be an inhibitor of growth of and production of TSST-1 by S. aureus.

Bacterial Toxins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkeys in California: serologic study of hemorrhagic enteritis virus antibody with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

The incidence of hemorrhagic enteritis (HE) infection in California turkeys was studied by testing 2220 turkey blood samples from 173 flocks for HE virus (HEV) antibody by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Maternal antibody was detected at 1 day of age in all flocks tested, and it vanished after 3 weeks. Acquired HEV antibody appeared at 8 to 10 weeks, and 100% of the meat and breeder turkey flocks were positive after 11 weeks of age. HEV infection occurred earlier in the meat flocks than in the breeder flocks, and it also occurred earlier during summer than during the fall and winter months.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pasteurella anatipestifer infection in commercial meat-type turkeys in California.

A disease outbreak characterized by respiratory signs, occasional neurologic signs, and increased mortality in commercial meat turkeys from four separate companies in central California was investigated in the late summer and early fall of 1986. The disease syndrome affected turkeys from 6 to 15 weeks of age and caused a severe fibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis, and airsacculitis. Bacteriologic and serologic examinations as well as virus- and chlamydia-isolation attempts initially failed to implicate an etiologic agent. Eventually culture attempts were made in a 5% CO2 incubator, resulting in isolation of Pasteurella anatipestifer. The disease syndrome was reproduced in young turkeys and broiler chicks inoculated with the organism.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical outbreak of Bordetella avium infection in two turkey breeder flocks.

An acute upper respiratory disease was observed in two broad-breasted white (BBW) turkey primary breeder flocks. Associated clinical signs included sneezing, depression, and a deep dry cough originating from large conducting airways. Morbidity reached approximately 15-20% of the hens in an affected house. None of the turkeys died, and total feed consumption was not affected. A minimal effect upon egg production was noticed. Sera from an acutely affected flock exhibited a marked rise in titer to Bordetella avium compared with preinfection sera samples. In Case 1, B. avium was isolated in pure culture from affected birds. In Case 2, B. avium was diagnosed by serological results and clinical signs; bacteriological examination was not attempted. The findings presented here are consistent with an acute clinical outbreak of B. avium-induced turkey rhinotracheitis (turkey coryza) in BBW turkey breeder hens.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Paramyxovirus type 3 (PMV-3) in California turkeys: serologic study of PMV-3 antibody with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detecting paramyxovirus type 3 (PMV-3) antibody. This test had a higher sensitivity than the hemagglutination-inhibition test, and no cross-reactivity with various paramyxoviruses or avian pathogens was detected when the sera were tested diluted 1:200. The incidence of PMV-3 infection in California was studied by testing 2037 turkey sera from 174 meat and breeder flocks for the presence of PMV-3 antibody using the ELISA. The age at which the infection occurs was around 5 to 8 weeks for meat flocks and 10 to 12 weeks for breeder flocks. Infection with the PMV-3, as determined serologically, was more frequent than manifested cases of disease, and 95.2% of the flocks aged over 11 weeks had PMV-3 antibody. No typical manifestations of PMV-3 disease (respiratory disease plus drop in egg production) were observed, probably because of the early infection which occurred before laying age.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

R plasmid-mediated gentamicin resistance in salmonellae isolated from turkeys and their environment.

Gentamicin-resistant salmonellae were isolated from turkey poults, hatching eggs, and litter on three unrelated farms and from a scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens) on a fourth farm unrelated to the other three. The isolates were Salmonella arizonae from three of the farms (poults, eggs, scrub jay) and S. thompson (litter) from the fourth farm. The genes responsible for gentamicin resistance were located on the same conjugal plasmid. This plasmid also encoded resistance to kanamycin, streptomycin, ampicillin, and sulfadiazine.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunization of turkey breeder hens against fowl cholera by combined oral and wing-web administration of attenuated (CU) pasteurella multocida.

Turkey breeder candidates were exposed to attenuated Pasteurella multocida (Clemson University strain) via both mouth (one or three times) and wing-web stick (one or two times). Significant protection lasting to 25-30 weeks post-vaccination was conferred under such immunization programs. The best protection with the fewest adverse effects of vaccination was established when orally vaccinated turkeys were subsequently vaccinated via wing-web at 20 and 25 weeks of age. High doses of attenuated P. multocida via wing-web produced lameness (synovitis and osteomyelitis) and severe wing lesions in growing turkeys.

Administration, Oral↗