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Biomedical subjects

B J Huppertz

Publications and source records attributed to B J Huppertz.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

[Psychosomatic aspects of irritable bladder. A review].

Nervous bladder symptoms without any established organic causes would appear to be a psychosomatic illness that usually affects married women in midlife. The majority of these patients manifest serious neurotic disorders such as anxiety neurosis, hysteria, phobia, and depression or larvate depression. It is often possible to identify psychosexual disorders in these patients. The predominant situations that seem to trigger irritable bladder symptoms are: sexual intercourse that ends unsatisfactorily for physical or psychological reasons, a partnership conflict, or even a separation conflict. Patients with a hysterical personality structure who are dominated by Oedipus or phallic problems and who, by inhibiting the sexual impulse, frequently suffer from sexual disorders may, in a situation experienced in such an atmosphere of conflict, regress to the stage of urethral erotism; at this stage, the symptoms serve as self-punishment as well as reduction of the fear of guilt and punishment; the unconscious vexation and frustration manifest themselves in these symptoms. In the case of depressive patients, unconscious anger and helplessness can be manifested as irritable bladder symptoms. As a result of the close connection between these urinary disorders and sexual disorders, irritable bladder symptoms without any established organic causes would appear not to be a urological but rather a covert functional sexual disorder.

Adult↗

[Borderline--a diagnostic entity?].

In the last years, there has been considerable controversy as to whether the term "borderline" should be introduced into psychiatric diagnostic nomenclature to designate psychiatric disorders not classifiable as psychoses, neuroses or traditional forms of personality disorders. Whereas many psychiatrists, especially those who are psychodynamically oriented, have been using this term for a long time, the more phenomenologically oriented psychiatrists refuse to do so while pointing to its lack of clear-cut definitions and its confusing abundance of meanings. The definitions of the term "borderline" used in the various "borderline" -concepts are reviewed. Some authors (Knight, Kety et al.) consider "borderline schizophrenia" to be a subgroup of schizophrenic psychoses. Others (Klein, Stone) take "borderline" disorders as a heterogeneous group of psychiatric illness encompassing especially some atypical affective disorders. Thirdly the concepts of those authors who conceive "borderline" as a distinct diagnostic entity are reviewed: Kernberg's "Borderline personality organization", Grinker's "Borderline syndrome", Gunderson and Singer's "Borderline personality disorders", Spitzer and Endicott's "Borderline (unstable) personality disorder" and "Schizotypical personality". The "borderline" definitions of all concepts are examined as to whether they fulfil the requirements of a "useful" (according to Kendell) diagnostic category, i.e. whether they yield reliably defined diagnostic criteria, and whether they can be validated by genetic and biological studies, therapy response, and long-term studies. It is pointed out that attempts have been made to establish operationally defined diagnostic criteria for some of the "borderline" concepts, but that research aiming at their validation is still in an initial stage.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗