Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to B J Cremin.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of computed tomography provides a new radiological insight into many skeletal deformities. Its main use is for the face, pelvis and spine. Images from an Elscint 2100 unit illustrate the possibilities of this form of radiological communication.
A lipoma of the corpus callosum in an infant is evaluated by ultrasound and magnetic resonance. The appearances are correlated as a diffuse but continuous aspect of this midline anomaly.
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Radiological recognition of tuberculosis in children ist uncommon as the initial lesions are occult. The appearances of our last 12 cases of renal TB have been tabulated. When the condition becomes radiologically evident the bladder is usually involved and the lesions can be detected ultrasonically. Ultrasonography as a primary method of diagnosis is described.
Carcinoma of the colon presenting before puberty is rare and few cases have been recorded in radiological literature. The symptomatology is usually vague but may be similar to the classical presentation of adults. The barium enema will also show the same constricting lesions. Two cases are reported, in one of which the initial diagnosis was made by ultrasound.
The Proteus syndrome is a recently delineated group of skeletal and mesodermal malformations. Its characteristics include hemihypertrophy and fatty/lymphangiomatous masses. This description outlines the imaging sequences available to the radiologist. It is mainly concerned with the use of magnetic resonance imaging. This shows the extent of the mesodermal malformation with particular reference to the extent of intra abdominal infiltration.
A case of duodenal diaphragm diagnosed by ultrasound is presented. The case was associated with situs inversus.
This review traces the changes that have occurred in our understanding of the pathology, radiographic diagnosis and prognosis of Wilms' tumour. Ultrasound has replaced intravenous urography as the main method for primary diagnosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance have with few exceptions added little to the primary diagnosis. Follow-up should be by ultrasound and examination but computed tomography has advantages in detecting pulmonary metastases. The survival rate has dramatically improved in the last 15 years and this is shown by tabulating the treatment and survival rates during this period.
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Ultrasonographic studies of patients with posterior urethral valve and ectopic ureterocele vary in relation to the severity of obstruction and changes in the upper tracts. A broad review of these conditions, stressing sonography (including use of the perineal approach to the upper urethra) shows the great value of sonography but emphasizes the need to correlate with other imaging modalities (urography, cystourethrography, nuclear imaging).
The radiological patterns of culture-proven pulmonary tuberculosis in 154 children under the age of 14 years were studied. Good quality radiographs were an essential requirement to the study, and in cases where lymphadenopathy was in doubt, tomograms or high kV magnification films were obtained. The radiographical terms used were defined and the results of film review were analysed to show the prevalent patterns. These are summarized at the end of the article. It is felt that awareness of the radiographic patterns in paediatric pulmonary tuberculosis will be of value to those working in communities where tuberculosis is unusual or rare, in immigrant communities, and also for the investigation of children who are inadvertently exposed to the disease.
The ultrasound and computed tomography examinations of the brain in 89 infants were correlated and compared. In 85% of cases both provided information of equal diagnostic accuracy. In the remaining 16% it was the combination of both examinations that provided the maximal information about anatomical localisation, extent of disease and tissue characterisation.
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Reports on prenatal diagnosis in cases of skeletal dysplasia have mostly been in high-risk mothers with a suspect genetic background where the fetal lesion could probably be predetermined. We deal with routine ultrasonographic appraisal of the fetal skeleton when dysplasia is not initially suspected, and relate our experience of the lethal forms of this condition. During the 4-year period 1981-1984, 6 cases of skeletal dysplasia, including thanatophoric dysplasia, achondrogenesis, the Ellis-van Creveld syndrome (chondro-ectodermal dysplasia) and osteogenesis imperfecta, were detected; the ultrasonographic findings are discussed.