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Biomedical subjects

B I Nesheim

Publications and source records attributed to B I Nesheim.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Examination and treatment of gynecological bleeding disorders].

The investigation and treatment of gynaecological dysfunctional bleeding has remained largely unchanged since the problem was dealt with in a special issue of the Journal of the Norwegian Medical Association in 1976, in spite of the advent of modalities like endometrial cytology, hysteroscopy and vaginal ultrasonography, as well as knowledge about the relative lack of efficiency of dilatation and curettage in the investigation and treatment of the condition. We describe a modern programme for investigation and treatment of gynaecological dysfunctional bleeding. The programme relies on clinical assessment combined with medical therapy, with optional use of modern investigative modalities when indicated. In a strictly controlled outpatient programme the need for dilatation and curettage can be greatly reduced without jeopardizing the safety of the patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Characterization of birth populations in 2 Norwegian counties, Akershus and Hordaland. A part of a study on smoking habits, alcohol drinking and drug utilization among pregnant women].

Norway participated in an international multicenter study on drug use, smoking, alcohol consumption, antenatal care, and complications in pregnancy. 482 women were interviewed at Akershus Central Hospital (near Oslo) and Haukeland hospital (in Bergen). Interviews were conducted during one of the first days after delivery using a standardized form. We found that 75% of the pregnancies were planned, while 7% were the result of contraceptive failure. 35% of the women smoked during pregnancy, compared with 43% before pregnancy. However, in relation to the early period of pregnancy the amount of tobacco consumed and the percentage of smokers increased slightly towards the end of pregnancy. Women who smoked were hospitalized during pregnancy more often than non-smokers. 91% of the women used some kind of medication during pregnancy including iron and vitamins.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1991

[P pills and risk of cancer].

The article summarizes present knowledge on the relationship between use of oral contraceptives use and the risk of hormone dependent cancers. The authors conclude that, at present, this knowledge does not warrant a change in current prescription practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of postpartum pain treatments using a sequential trial design. I. Paracetamol versus placebo.

A new sequential test has been used to compare the effect of paracetamol and placebo on uterine cramping. Paracetamol was significantly superior to placebo at the 5% level. 75 patients were included in the trial, whereas in a fixed sample study 90 patients would have been required to obtain the same significance level and power. The magnitude of the difference in treatment effect was estimated following the sequential test. In addition to the effect on uterine pain, which was the primary variable, the effect on episiotomy pain was also estimated. Paracetamol was also superior to placebo against the episiotomy pain.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1991

Comparison of postpartum pain treatments using a sequential trial design: II. Naproxen versus paracetamol.

The efficacy of naproxen and paracetamol in relieving uterine cramps has been compared in a sequential trial. The treatments did not differ significantly in a two-sided test in 56 patients. A corresponding fixed sample test would have required 140 patients to obtain the same significance level and power. In addition to uterine pain, the effect on episiotomy pain was also estimated at the termination of the trial. Again, there seemed to be no difference between naproxen and paracetamol.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1991

Monochorionic monoamniotic twins--the most precarious of twin pregnancies.

Monochorionic monoamniotic twins have a high perinatal mortality rate. Death usually occurs before 24 weeks' gestation, mainly because of cord entanglement, prematurity, congenital anomalies or twin-to-twin transfusion. These possibilities should be taken into account when twin pregnancies are detected at the ultrasound screening between 17 and 20 weeks' pregnancy. We report here a case where monochorionic monoamniotic twins were born at 34 weeks, with massive cord entanglement and we describe the antenatal care at our clinic.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[An epidemic of ectopic pregnancies in Ostre Akershus. Looking for possible causes].

During the period 1969 to 1985, 640 women with a confirmed diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy were admitted to Sentralsykehuset i Akershus. The case histories were reviewed for possible predisposing factors. From 1969 to 1985 the frequency of ectopic pregnancy increased threefold in relation to the number of conceptions in the same region. Until 1978 the major part of this increase was observed among women with IUCD in situ. Women who had previously undergone surgery on the uterine tubes accounted for the greater part of the increase in extrauterine pregnancies after 1976. A large year-to-year variation was found among women with neither of the above predisposing factors. However, a rising frequency of ectopic pregnancies was also observed in this group. It appears that the risk of ectopic pregnancy is greater among women using IUCD than among women using other methods of contraception.

Female↗
PubMed1989

The effect of dihydralazine on blood velocity in branches of the uterine artery in pregnancy induced hypertension.

Dihydralazine is frequently used in severe pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Little is known about its effect on the human uteroplacental circulation. In this study, Doppler ultrasound recordings were made from branches of the uterine artery in 5 women with PIH and blood pressure (BP) greater than or equal to 150/100 who received either 7.5 or 10 mg dihydralazine, as repeated intravenous doses of 2.5 mg, before obtaining near-normal/normal BP values. The measurements started 5-10 min prior to the injections and continued as undisrupted as possible during injections and the subsequent 30 min. When the reduction in BP was obtained, the median blood velocity was reduced by 23% (range 10-29%). A/B ratio was calculated at the same time as an indicator of peripheral vascular resistance. The ratio increased, compared with pre-experiment values, in 3 subjects (5, 26 and 31%) but decreased in 2 (4 and 6%). Maternal tachycardia was noted in all but one woman. Continuous fetal heart rate (FHR) recording showed no signs of fetal distress. The uteroplacental circulation does not seem to benefit from the vasodilatory effects of dihydralazine, the response to the decreased perfusion pressure being a reduction in blood velocity and unchanged peripheral resistance.

Arteries↗
PubMed1988

Duration of labor. An analysis of influencing factors.

9703 labors at Akershus Central Hospital during the period January 1979 to January 1984 were analysed to see which factors influenced the duration of labor. Median duration was 8.2 h for nulliparas, 5.3 h for multiparas. Parity greater than one had no influence on duration. Induced labors were 1.9 h (nulliparas) and 1.4 h (multiparas) shorter than those with spontaneous onset. Stepwise linear regression showed that duration of labor was positively correlated with the weight of the infant, duration of pregnancy, weight gain and prepregnant weight. It was negatively correlated with mother's height. Mother's age did not influence duration of labor. Occiput posterior presentation and extensions of the head prolonged labor in nulliparas, but not in multiparas, while breech presentation had no influence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Uterine artery blood velocities during contractions in pregnancy and labour related to intrauterine pressure.

Doppler recordings from branches of the uterine artery were made simultaneously with intrauterine pressure measurements in eight women in labour. Blood velocities fell and pulsatility index (PI) increased during all 22 contractions studied. Velocities were reduced almost linearly by up to 60% when pressure increased from 0 to 50 mmHg. To study the effect of uterine contractions before labour on uterine blood flow, simultaneous Doppler recordings from branches of the uterine artery and external tocodynamometry were made in seven women during the last trimester. Velocities fell during 18 of the 20 contractions studied (median 35%, range 19-71%). Extrapolating from labour contractions, this corresponds to a pressure increase of 30-40 mmHg. Fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings were normal during all contractions.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed1985

Blood velocities in the uterine artery in humans during labour.

Blood velocities in the uterine arteries were measured during labour in humans, by means of the pulsed ultrasound Doppler velocity meter (UNIDOP). The uterine arteries were approached through the abdominal wall at the lateral border of the uterus and through the lateral vaginal fornix. At a depth of 0.5-1.5 cm from the lateral vaginal fornix there were three different arteries in each woman. One of these arteries had similar velocity spectra to the uterine artery as measured through the abdominal wall higher up along the uterus, and the velocities were in the same range. The mean velocities were high and the velocities in diastole were high compared to those in systole. During uterine contractions the velocities were reduced during diastole, reducing mean velocities by 20-40% as measured through the vagina and by 50-60% when measured higher up through the abdominal wall. A second artery, which we believe is a branch of the uterine artery traversing the myometrium, had lower mean velocities and a greater difference between systole and diastole. During contractions the velocities were reduced by 100%. A third artery, which we believe is the descending branch of the uterine artery, supplying the cervix and vagina, had the lowest mean velocities, with backflow during diastole. During contractions the velocities increased 100-140%.

Arteries↗
PubMed1985

No effect of vitamin B-6 against premenstrual tension. A controlled clinical study.

Vitamin B-6 100 mg given daily throughout the menstrual cycle was compared with placebo in a randomized, double-blind crossover trial in 34 women who suffered from premenstrual tension. Vitamin B-6 was no better than placebo. There was a substantial period effect, as the women evidenced a considerable preference for the second drug they received, irrespective of whether this was vitamin B-6 or placebo. Blood magnesium was measured; no significant difference was found between the 34 women with premenstrual tension and 10 healthy women without such complaints. Vitamin B-6 caused a small but statistically significant rise in blood magnesium level. In the individual patients, no correlation was found between changes in blood magnesium and premenstrual symptoms.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗